3. Plainchant was the Church
music of the early middle ages
before the advent of polyphony.
The music was Melismatic: “an
ornamental phrase of several
notes sung to one syllable of
text, as in plainsong or blues
singing” (dictonary.com)
And also Syllabic: “having each
syllable sung to one note only”
(dictonary.com)
4. The Moments of Mass
Kyrie – Sorrow For Sin
Gloria – Excitement/Joy
Credo – conviction/affirmation
Sanctus– Reverence/Awe (Holy, Holy,
Holy)
Agnus Dei – Sorrow/Assurance
Aspects and Concepts of Mass
1. Hymn
2. Word of Instruction
3. All to be done to the strengthening of the body
4. Everything should be done in an orderly manner
5. Early Church AD Music
Events
Gregory “The Great”
Elected Pope 590
56 AD Polycarp
Arrested
7. Early Church Music 6th Century
Hymn – Ancient Song Form
Genre: Chant
Gregorian
chant
named after
Pope
Gregory
8. Guido of Arezzo (991AD)
He had a desire to teach music at a quicker pace. Originator
of Hand signals solfege
9.
10. Early Church Polyphony
Contus Firmus – original melody + add new
Melody
Parallel motion
Oblique Motion
Meismatic
Duplum – Added second voice
Triplum – added Third Voice
Quadruplum – Added Forth voice
Tenor – Held Syllables
The conductus - syllabic - every syllable has a
note
Motet (Of middle ages) A three or four part
polyphonic work whose foundation (the tenor)
is a fragment of chant snipped out format he
middle of a traditional melody.
11. Josquin Des
Prez
(c. 1450-152)
John Wycliffe
(c.1320-
13854)
Imitation
12. Martin Luther
(1483-1546)
Luther became known
in particular for three
things: the doctrine of
salvation by faith alone,
the belief that Scripture
should be translated
into the people's
language, and the birth
of congregational
singing.
(Biblical Paraphrase, Sermons)
15. Giovanni Gabrieli
(1554 – 1612)
Giovanni Gabrieli
was known for
writing music with
Multiple Choirs
(I love this arrangement!)
16.
17. Changes In Baroque
Music
Emphasis on words
Express the natural speech inflection
Incorporated Poetic meter
Poetic Meter:
Iamb (ta TUM)
Trochee (TUM ta)
Anapest (ta tat tum)
Dactyl (Tum ta tat)
Spondee (TUM TUM)
Amphibrachta (taTUMta)
18. The Florentine Camerata
Groups of
intellectuals
gathered to study
different subjects
(music was
included in this
study)
(c.1577 – 1582)
19. Beginning of Opera
C. 1640
They created a “work,” Opera, where a plot was portrayed
Why did opera
become so popular?
Change
Expression
Words- recitative
Portrayal
How has it affected music up
to the present?
Words match natural inflection
of speech
Raw emotions of character
Emphasis on the words
Emphasis on stories/Ballads
Emphasis on melody –
marrying prose and music
Emphasis on accompaniment
– Continuo/4 piece band
20. Johann
Sebastian Bach
This composer
from Germany
rote over 250
Cantatas in 4 to
5 years
*Bach’s score in background
21. George Frederick
Handel
(1685-1759)
When Italian operas fell out of
fashion, this German composer
started composing oratorios,
including his world renowned
work Messiah
*Handel’s score in background
22. Contiuno
Bass Continuo is a form of musical
accompaniment used in the Baroque peroid. It
means “continuous bass.”
23.
24. Classical Music
There was a historical shift
transitioning to Classical
Music
Such as...
Tonality – primary modes
Sonata/First Movement form
(ABA)
Rise of the middle class
First time we see major and
minor
Symphony in this time period
was four movements.
25. Musical form prevalent during the this era
ABA
Distinct difference between
sections
Departure and return
Significance of the form
Quality of the music –bringing
great distinction to the
composer and the artist
26. Joseph Haydn
(1732 – 1809)
He was among the creators
of the fundamental genres
of classical music. Haydn’s
most celebrated pupil was
Ludwig van Beethoven
*Haydn’s score in background
27. Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart
(1756 – 1791)
“A prolific artist, Austrian
composer Wolfgang Mozart
created a string of operas,
concertos, symphonies and
sonatas that profoundly
shaped classical music.”
*Mozart’s score in background
28. Ludwig van
Beethoven
(1770- 1872)
He was a German composer
and pianist. A crucial figure in
the transition between the
Classical and Romantic eras in
Western art music, he remains
one of the most famous and
influential of all composers.
*Beethoven’s score in
29.
30. Themes In Romantic
Period Nationalism
Dissonance – chromaticism (to keep tension in music)
Symphonic poem (we move from four different
sections to one section)
Virtuoso – cult of the artist
Shift from distanced
Contemplation to emotional attachment
Overstatement
31. Events During Romanitc Period
New Middle Class
The industrial revolution
New market for cultural entertainment
Shift in Christian music – chasm between sacred and
secular
The number of self-confessed Christians in Europe
declined steadily through the 19th century
“Opera was peopled with characters who generally
made decisions about their behavior and their
relationship without reference to God or to the
church’s moral teaching”
32. Notable People
Kant (1724-1804)
Reaction against his universal abstract laws
Hegel (1770-1831)
Relativism and communication
with nature
Robert Raikes (1736-1811)
Sunday school movement
William Booth (1829 – 1912)
Salvation army
Fanny Crosby (1820-1915)
Gospel hymn
33. Richard Wagner
(1813-1883)
Richard Wagner is best known
for creating several complex
operas, including Tristan and
Isolde and Ring Cycle, as well
as for his anti-semitic writings.
The adoration of Wagner Over
10,000 biographies written of
him before his death in 1883
Primarily known for his “music
drama”
34. Hymns In The Church
Fanny Crosby
“Francis Jane Crosby wrote more
than 9,000 hymns, some of which
are among the most popular in
every Christian denomination. She
wrote so many that she was forced
to use pen names lest the hymnals
be filled with her name above all
others. And, for most people, the
most remarkable thing about her
was that she had done so in spite
of her blindness.”
(1820-1915)
37. African 19th Century Music
Had influence on American Culture
Song themes: freedom, braking up with family, hardship, etc
Call response
Fisk Jubilee singers (college in Nashville)
39. Birth Of The Gospel
Song
DL Moody
(1837-1899)
Ira Sankey
(1840-1908)
40. Gospel Song As
An Evangelistic Tool
• Emotional attachment
• Involved the audience
• Appealing to the crowds
Strengths – communicated on normal, met context
of listener, made gospel memorable
Weaknesses – dumbed down gospel a little bit
41. Radio Music
• Purpose of radio was to
sell products
• 3min limit
• Audio only
• Rhyme and repetition
• Short introduction/
memorable
• Aimed at specific
audience
Richard Tauber – 1929 Radio Song
42. Listen to One of the First
Radio Broadcast
"On November 2, 1920, station KDKA made the nation's first commercial
broadcast... They chose that date because it was election day, and the
power of radio was proven when people could hear the results of the
Harding-Cox presidential race before they read about it in the newspaper.”
(Source)
43. Moody Bible Radio
(1926)
In 1926 Moody Bible Institute
sponsored radio station
WMBI—the oldest non-commercial
Christian radio
station in the country—was
launched.
WMBI was just the beginning
of what would come to be
known as the Moody
Broadcasting Network
44. Makin’ Our Way to
Rock ‘n’ Roll....
The Delta Blues
The Delta blues was one of the
earliest styles of blues music. It
originated in the Mississippi
Delta, a region of the US that
stretches from Memphis,
Tennessee to Vicksburg
Mississippi to, Helena,
Arkansas to the Yazoo River.
The Mississippi Delta area is
famous both for its fertile soil
and its poverty.
50. Artists: Big Bill Broonzy, Tampa Red
and Muddy Waters
Characteristics:
• Regionalized
• Replacing acoustic guitar with
electric guitar
• Urban themes replace rural
settings
• The Blues AAB standard
• 12bars
• Based on 1-4-5
Big Bill Broonzy – “Hey Hey”
60. 1.Duran Duran
2.Queen
3. Bon Jovi
4.Guns N Roses
5. U2
6.Metallica
7.Journey
8.A-ha
9.Van Halen
10.Tears for Fears
61. No Doubt
Backstreet Boys
Mariah Carey
Green Day
Brittany Spears
Pearl Jam
Radiohead
SnoopDog
Nirvana
Foo Fighters
Madonna
Smash Mouth
62. Sonic Flood
Michael W. Smith
Reinventing Themselves
Integrity Music
Hillsong
Hillsong United
Israel Houghton
Worship Together
Sixsteps Record
Passion
Chris Tomlin
Matt Redman
Steve Fee
David Crowder Band
Kristian Stanfill
Christy Nockels
65. Works Cited
Class Notes By Dr. Hahn
https://songsandhymns.org/people/detail/martin-luther
http://www.rpts.edu/media/documents/johncalvinonthepsalms.pdf
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12144a.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/franz-joseph-haydn-9332156
http://www.biography.com/people/richard-wagner-9521202
http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/poets/crosby.html
http://www.moodyradio.org/brd_MainPage.aspx?id=6430
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dt20ra.html
