this presentation is about the petroleum system and geology of lower indus basin. moreover there are some operational fields discussed in this presentation.

1. Petroleum System and Geology
of Lower Indus Basin
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences
Bahria University Islamabad
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2. Group members
• Ijlal Haider
• Hamza Waheed Butt
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3. • Introduction
• Geology of lower Indus basin
• Stratigraphy of lower Indus basin
• Petroleum system of lower indus basin
• Source rocks of lower indus basin
• Reservoir rocks of lower Indus basin
Table of Contents
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• Seal rocks of lower indus basin
• Traps of lower indus basin
• Operational fields in Lower indus basin
1. Sui Field
2. Tandoo Alam Field
3. Kadanwari Field
4. Pasakhi Field
5. Khaskeli Field
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5. Introduction
• The great Indus basin extends over most of eastern Pakistan and the
westernmost parts of India.
• Total area is 873,000 square kilometers (km2).
• The Lower Indus Platform basin is one of the Pakistan’s tectonostratigraphic
provinces
• Geographically located in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
• It is an extensional basin formed by a fossil-rift crustal feature overlain by a
thick sedimentary sequence.
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6. Geology of Lower Indus Basin
• It is bounded to the north by the Central Indus Basin.
• Northwest by the Suleiman Fold belt Basin.
• In the south west by the Kirthar Fold Belt Basin.
• The main tectonic events which have controlled the structures and
sedimentology of the Lower Indus Basin are rifting of the Indian Plate from
Gondwanaland which probably created NE-SW to N-S rift systems and east
ward tilting at the start of cretaceous.
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• Separation of the Madagascan and Indian plates in the Mid to Late Cretaceous
which may have caused some sinistral strike-slip faulting in the region, hotspot
activity and thermal doming at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.
• This in turn caused uplift, erosion, extrusion of the Deccan flood basalts and
probably the NNW-striking normal faults.
• Paleocene-Eocene emplacement of the Bela ophiolites may have caused gentle
folding, Eocene passive margin conditions caused structural quiescence and
carbonate deposition.
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8. Stratigraphy of Lower Indus Basin
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• This tectonic province is underlain by infra-Cambrian to Recent clastics and
carbonates.
• The stratigraphic succession changes from east to west.
• Precambrian basement is exposed in the south-eastern corner of the basin.
• The thickness of the sediments increases westward.
• Here is the table of stratigraphic sequence of lower Indus basin:

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10. Petroleum System of Lower Indus Basin
• Basin-wise success rate has been the highest for the Lower Indus Basin.
• Six proven and viable plays are identified in the Lower Indus Platform Basin,
where perfect petroleum system exists.
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11. Source Rock of Lower Indus Basin
• Sember (Cretaceous) and Ranikot (Paleocene) are main source rock.
• The Sembar has been identified as the primary source rock for much of the
Greater Indus Basin
• Environment of deposition of Sember and ranikot is marine environment
• Lower Goru, Ranikot and Ghazij Formation also known to be source rock as
well.
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12. Reservoir rocks of lower Indus basin
• Cretaceous to Eocene clastics and carbonates are the proven reservoirs in the
basin.
• Reservoirs of lower Indus basins are:
• Limestone of the Habib Rahi and Pirkoh members of the Kirthar
Formation.
• In Kirthar Range mostly Pab sandstone is the reservoir.
• Lower Goru Sands (Lower Cretaceous) are the main reservoir for oil and gas
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13. Seal Rocks of Lower Indus Basin
• Sealing intervals are present for all potential reservoirs in the area.
• The known seals in the system are composed of shales that are interbedded
with and overlying the reservoirs.
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14. Traps of Lower Indus Basin
• All production in the Indus Basin is from structural traps.
• Trapping mechanism in the southern Lower Indus Basin is mostly structural
traps.
• Some stratigraphic traps are also present.
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15. Operational Fields in lower Indus Basin
• Sui Field
• Tandoo Alam Field
• Bari oil Field
• Kadanwari Field
• Pasakhi Field
• Khaskeli Field
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16. Sui Field
• Sui gas field is the biggest natural gas field in Pakistan.
• Discovered in 1952
• Located in Mari Bugtti transverse Uplift in Sibbi District of Baluchistan.
• Field operated by PPL (Pakistan Petroleum Limited).
• The gas reserves discovered in Sui were total of 11.69 trillion cubic feet.
• Producing formation: Sui Main Limestone, Sui Upper Limestone, Pab
Sandstone, Habibrahi limestone
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• Total depth 3,066 m.
• Found Sui Main limestone 600 m thick with a 226 m gas column.
• Porosity is 6.7-28.4%, permeability 35 md.
• Gas is 90% methane, 1.2% ethane, 4.5% carbon dioxide and 3.5%nitrogen.
• Current production rate: the daily production is around 448 million cubic feet.
• Remaining reserves are estimated to be at about 2 trillion cubic feet.
• Producing wells 85.
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Fig 1.0 Sui gas Field

19. Tandoo Alam Field
• Tandoo Alam field, opened in May 1984
• Located in the Badin trough of the Thar platform in Hyderabad district,
Sind.
• Field operated by OGDCL.
• Producing formation Goru formation
• It is a north-south trending anticline bounded by two faults, with four way
closure at Middle and Lower Goru level.
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• Original oil reserves were 20.16 million bbl.
• In 1994 oil production was 919 barrels per day.
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21. Pasakhi Oil field
• Pasakhi oilfield, discovered in 1989.
• Located in the Badin trough in Hyderabad district, Sind.
• Operational field : OGDCL
• Producing formation: GORU formation
• It is a horst block bounded by two normal faults dipping to the west and east,
respectively.
• Original reserves were 9.37 million bbl..
• In 1994 production was 2,320 barrels per dayd
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22. Khaskheli Field
• Khaskeli field, discovered in June 1981.
• Located in the Badin trough in Hyderabad district of Sind.
• The structure is a tilted fault block dipping to the west and bounded by a down-to-
the-east fault that divides in three branches in the center and two in the south of
30.5 to 61 m throw.
• The structure is separated into five blocks, and the oil field covers more than 17.8 sq
km.
• Producing reservoirs are Lower Goru Upper Sand unit
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• Average porosity is 25%. Permeability exceeds 1 darcy.
• Original reserves were 8.196 million bbl..
• 1994 production was 684 b/d of oil and 331 Mcfd of gas.
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24. Kadanwari Field
• Kadanwari gas field was discovered in August 1989.
• Located on the Thar platform in Khairpur district of Sind.
• Operating company: Lasmo Group.
• Reservoir formation: Sembar Formation
• Original Gas reserves: 728 bcf
• The Kadanwari discovery well, TD 3,994 m in Sembar, flowed gas on drillstem tests
at rates of 11.2-28.6 MMcfd on various size chokes with 133-174 b/d of water.
• The well is temporarily suspended
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Fig 2.0 kandanwari gas field

26. References
• http://bscgeology.blogspot.com/2012/04/pakistan-il-fields.html
• http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2012/10399jamil/ndx_jamil.pdf
• http://file.scirp.org/pdf/IJG_2013111310291560.pdf
• https://www.slideshare.net/sedimentology/assignment-of-petroleum-geology
• https://worldgeoscience.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/lower-indus-platform.pdf
• https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2208/C/b2208-c.pdf
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