EDUCATION

1. “Education is for learning to know, learning to be, learning
to do and learning to live together.” UNESCO
Education System of Nepal
Presented by
Ram Bahadur Hamal
For International Symposium
Manila, Philipinnes
2015,March 7th

3. FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NEPAL

4. Students crossing the river with a iron rope polled to
both sides, to go school daily in a remote area of
Nepal: A great Challenge for Policy Makers

5. • A well managed school and students in Urban
Area of Nepal

6. Nepal In Figure
• Area: 147181 Square K.m.
• Seven Provinces and 644 cantons
• Population
2,64,94,504 (census 2011)
Male 48.50%, Female 51.50 %
Annual Population Growth Rate: 1.35%
Ethnic Groups :125
Expectancy Age :68 Years
Literacy Rate: 78%
Digital Literacy Rate: 33%

7. Educational system Presentation Outlines
1.Educational Policy management system
2.Educational structures and organizations
3.Curriculum Management System
4.Teacher Management System
5.Assessment,Examination and evaluation system
6.Student Management System
7.Financing in Education Management System
8.School structure and types
9.Educational Information Management system
10.Teacher Service Commission

8. Policy system
• Educational policies are legitimated by the
parliament.
• Plans and programs are approved by cabinet
of respective council of ministers.
• Federal Provinces and local authorities are
autonomous in some extent in policy affairs.
• Decentralization and centralization policy

9. Major Policies
• Education for all
• Free and compulsory Education up to
secondary level
• State Accountability of Education
• Policy for access, equity, equality, quality,
diversity management.
• State ownership and privatization in education
• Right to education as constitutional provision

10. Recent Policies
• Education Act and Regulations
• University Grant commission Act 1992
• Different University Acts
• School sector Development plan 2016-2022
• International commitments
• Sustainable Development Goals(Goal 4)
• Educational for All by 2030 National plan for
education

11. 2.Educational Structures and organizations
• Educational Tiers (3 Tires)
• Central, provincial, Local
• Organizations
1.Ministry of Education(Policy)
2.Department of Education(Implementation)
3.Curriculum Development Centre (Except
university curriculum)
4.National Centre for educational development
(29,Teacher Training and professional development)

12. 5.Educational Review office(Quality Assurance)
6.National Examination Board(Evaluation)
7.School Teacher Record Office(PIS management
of teacher)
8.Resources Centre (1091,Supervision)
9.School management committees
10.Teacher-parents Association

13. 3. Curriculum System
• Curriculum development centre develops
curriculum for school level, minor revision in
each 5 years, major revisions in each 10 years .
• Schools are given autonomy to develop 20%
curriculum upto Grade 5.
• Mathematics, social studies, Health, physical
and population studies, Science,
English,Nepali Language,Computer as a core
subject auto Grade 12 in General Stream.

14. • Construction, Medicine, Forestry, Agriculture,
Animal science in Technical Stream
• Assessment Specification Grid
• Minimum 192 days class conducted
• Weightage for course

15. 4.Teacher management System
• Pre R (Recruitment) to post Recruitment
• Preparation, Selection Appointment, career
Development, Training, Transfer, promotion,
motivation, maintenance,compensation,social
security, post mobilization for government
appointed teachers
• Basic ,secondary and university Teachers
• Education, qualification, license are at must.

16. • For the private managed teachers the policy
remains the different but minimum standard
must be maintained.
• Entry age up to 40 and retirement age 60.
• Temporary and permanent Appointment
• Several Motivation options like fast track
promotion
• Fierce competition in selection
• Respected job
• Subject Teaching System

17. 5.Evaluation System
• Early Childhood Education and Development
Level: No Exams
• Basic Level: Continuous Assessment System,
Internal and External Exams.
• Grade 9-12: Assessment, Provincial and
National Standardized Exams
• University: Assessment, Exam as set by
university
• Letter Grading System in school education.

18. 6. Student Management System
• Academic Year Starts: March/April and ends in
Feb/March.
• Enrollment and admission is a must.
• Portfolio and tracking management
• Reporting system with mark sheet or report
cards
• Graduation certificate
• Flash Entry system
• No corporal punishment

19. 7. Financing in Education
• About 12-17% of total budget in each year
• Demand side approach system
• Supply side Approach System
• Government,private,aid,loan,donation,charity
• State owned schools free education
• Choice for selection
• Sector wise approach
• Local resource Generation

20. 7. School structure
• 1-2+8+4+3-5+2+3-5
Pre-primary Level 1-2 Years ,Age 3-5 Years Children
Basic Level: Grade 1-8, 5-13 Years of children
Secondary Level : Grade 9-12, 13-16 Age group
Bachelor Level : 3-5 years
Master Level: 2 Years
PHD : 3- 5 Years
School Type: Public and private

21. 8.EMIS
• Schools’ financing is linked to Flash System(Detail
information of school with all relevant data
management system)which is a must to have entry
of data at the beginning and end of the academic
year.
• All resources are allocated by government for free
text books, day lunch, scholarship, teachers’ Salary
etc. are decided in link with financing of schools.(in
put and out put information)
• Overall data base by academic year is managed.

22. Some Recent Indicators
• Total Number of Schools: 35222
• Pre-primary centres:36093
• NER 1-8=96.9
• NER 9-12= 39
• Total female Teachers:69% in Basic and 16 in
secondary Level
• Drop out Rate: 7.3%
• Trained Teacher: 91%

23. Issues
• Access,
• Quality,
• Equity,
• Equality,
• Relevance,
• Financing
• Research
• Inclusion and diversity management