Pharmacogenomics is the branch of biochemistry in which study how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body response to drug. Pharmacogenomics is the intersection of genetics and pharmaceutical industry.
In this presentation a brief note is given about what is pharmacogenomics. Why different drugs work differently in different people. today pharmacogenomics, future of pharmacogenomics. also describe the future of pharmacogenomics. challenges which have to pharmacogenomics.
2. Pharmacogenomics
Why drugs work differently in different
people?
Pharmacogenomics today
Pharmacogenomics in future
Benefits of pharmacogenomics
Barriers to pharmacogenomics progress
Challenges to pharmacogenomics
Conclusion
Reference
3. Study how an individual’s genetic inheritance
affects the body response to drug.
Intersection of pharmaceuticals and genetics.
To develop effective, safe medications and
doses that will be tailored to a person’s genetic
makeup.
Combine pharmaceutical sciences such as
biochemistry with annotated knowledge of
genes, proteins and single nucleotide
polymorphisms.
4. Common variations in the human genome
called SNPs
“One size fit to all” most drugs, but don’t
work same way for everyone.
Difficult to predict who get benefit, who will
experience negative side effect
Field still in infancy, use quite limited
5. Drug activation
Each person inherits variations in enzymes
Drug deactivation
Some people may have slower enzyme
Age and gender
The cancer stage
Lifestyle habits, such as smoking and drinking
alcohol
Other diseases
Medications taken for other conditions
6. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of liver enzymes
( breakdown 30 different classes of drugs)
DNA variations in genes that codes for these
enzyme can influence their ability to metabolize
certain drugs
Better way of using to manage heart disease,
cancer, asthma, depression and many other
common disease.
Enzyme thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
role in chemotherapy of childhood leukemia by
break down thiopurines
7. Interaction of the drugs with its receptor
binding site
Absorption and distribution of the drug
Elimination of the drug from the body
8. More powerful medicine
Better, safer drugs the first time
More accurate methods of determining
appropriate drug dosages
Advance screening for disease
Better vaccines
Improvement in the drug discovery and
approval process
Decrease in the overall cost of health care
9. Complexity of finding gene variations that
affect drug response
Limited drug alternatives
Disincentives for drug companies to make
multiple pharmacogenomics products
10. It is expensive, particularly if insurance does
not cover the costs.
Access to certain tests may be limited in some
places.
Privacy issues remain, despite federal
antidiscrimination laws. These laws prohibit
discrimination based on genetic information.
11. Pharmacogenomics in pharmaceutical industry is
a potential tool, awaiting use for the maximum
benefit. It represents a radical advance in medical
history. The main aims of it are; personalized
therapy, improvement in efficacy and reduction in
adverse drug reactions, correlation of genotype
with clinical genotype, identification of novel
targets for new drugs, and pharmacogenetic
profiling of patients to predict disease
susceptibility and drug response.