about paper battery....

1. Paper Battery.
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Presented by
ANIL KUMAR.

2. HISTORY.
 Widespread commercial development of paper batteries will
rely on the development of more inexpensive
manufacturing techniques.
 A paper battery powered by ionic solutions is developed in
2005.
 Specialized paper batteries could act as power sources for
any number of devices.
 Bio-degradable.
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3. INTRODUCTION.
 Flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device
 Formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional sheet of
cellulose-based paper
 A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and supercapacitor
 This combination allows the battery to provide both long-term, steady
power production and bursts of energy
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4. INTRODUCTION.
 Can be folded, cut or otherwise shaped for different applications without
any loss of efficiency
 Cutting one in half , halves its energy production
 Can be stacked in multiples of power output
 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage stamp.
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5. INTRODUCTION.
 A paper battery is flexible, ultra thin energy storage and production
device.
 Formed by combining carbon Nano tubes.
 Acts as both high energy battery and super capacitor.
 Non-toxic, flexible paper batteries have the potential to power the next
generation of electronics
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6. PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL BATTERIES.
 Lower specific power compared to fuels.
 Weight and size.
 High charging time.
 Environmental hazards.
 Explosion, corrosion, leakage, high cost.
 Terminal voltage constraints.
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7. Structure of paper battery.
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8. FORMATION.
 Combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned carbon Nano tubes that
are each approximately one millionth of a centimeter thick.
 These tiny filaments act like the electrodes found in a traditional battery,
conducting electricity when the paper comes into contact with an ionic
liquid solution.
 With no water in solution, cannot freeze and hence operating temp -75
to 100 Degree Celsius.
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9. WORKING.
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1.Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.
2. Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.
3. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal
4. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

10. WORKING.
 While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components,
the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single
structure, making it more energy efficient.
 INTEGRATED DEVICES – No warm up time, power loss, component
malfunction; Loss of energy while transferring power from one
component to another, less energy lost in an integrated device
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11. CARBON NANOTUBES.
 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes) are allotropes of
carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
 They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are
efficient thermal conductors.
 Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family, the diameter of a
nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers
 Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the
structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m)
nanotube, if n = m, the nanotube is metallic; if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the
nanotube is semiconducting with a very small band gap, otherwise the nanotube
is a moderate semiconductor.
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12. MANUFACTURING.
 Growing the nanotubes on a silicon substrate and then impregnating the gaps in
the matrix with cellulose
 Once the matrix has dried, the material can be peeled off of the substrate,
exposing one end of the carbon nanotubes to act as an electrode
 When two sheets are combined, with the cellulose sides facing inwards, a
supercapacitor is formed that can be activated by the addition of the ionic liquid
 This liquid acts as an electrolyte and may include salt-laden solutions like human blood,
sweat or urine.
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13. ADVANTAGES
 The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled up or cut.
 We can get 2-5volts of electricity from a simple the size of a postage
stamp.
 “If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream , that’s 500 times the voltage.
 Because the battery consists mainly of paper and carbon , it could be
used to power pacemakers with in the body.
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14. DISADVANTAGES.
 EXPENSIVE :-40% more than Nicd .
 DELICATE :- battery temperature must be monitored from
within (which raises the price).
 REGULATORS :-when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (
which also rises the price).
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15. APPLICATIONS.
 The paper-like quality of the battery combined with the structure of the
nanotubes embedded within - light weight and low cost
 Ability to use electrolytes in blood make them potentially useful for medical
devices such as pacemakers
 The medical uses are particularly attractive because they do not contain any toxic
materials and can be biodegradable
 Peace makes(uses blood as electrolyte).
 Used as alternate to conventional batteries in gadgets.
 Devices in space shuttles.
 Powered smart cards RF id tags, smart clothes.
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16. Feature scope..
 The black piece of paper can power a small light.
 Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy demands of the next
generation of gadgets.
 The ambition is to produce reams of paper that could one day power a
car.
 The paper battery was a glimpse into the future of power storage.
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17. CONCLUSIONS.
 The range of possible applications for paper batteries derives from their important
advantages as compared to conventional technologies.
 They can be made in virtually any shape and size to meet the requirements of
each applications.
 Paper battery could solve all the problems associated with electrically energy
storage.
 However the reality is still very far away,through the researches are promising.
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18. Any queries ?
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