SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints

•Download as PPT, PDF•
•
G
gsr101

Timber defects

Education
1 of 19
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 1 of 19 Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints Timber defects
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 2 of 19 Aims and objectives Aim: Introduce learners to timber defects. Objectives: • List at least two defects found in timber. • State at least two seasoning defects. • List at least two natural defects. • State at least one term for knots found in timber.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 3 of 14 Timber defects Defects are faults that are found in timber. Some present a serious structural weakness in the timber, others do little more than spoil its appearance. Defects can be divided into two groups: 1. Seasoning defects 2. Natural defects
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 4 of 19 Seasoning defects Seasoning defects can be further divided into: • Bowing • Springing • Winding (or twist) • Cupping • Shaking • Collapse • Case hardening
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 5 of 19 Bowing Bowing is usually caused by poor stacking during seasoning. It is a serious defect, causing good timber to be suitable only for use in short lengths.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 6 of 19 Springing Springing is a edge way curvature of a board. It is usually caused by the release of internal stresses during seasoning.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 7 of 19 Winding or twist Winding, is also known as twist, is very serious as it restricts the use of the timber to short lengths. It is caused by poor seasoning and poor stacking.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 8 of 19 Cupping Cupping is very common in flat sawn boards. It occurs through shrinkage of the timber when drying.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 9 of 19 Shaking Shaking is caused by the board being dried too rapidly. It is particularly common at the ends of boards, spreading along the grain.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 10 of 19 Collapse Collapse is a rare defect caused by too rapid drying in the early stages of seasoning. The moisture is drawn out too rapidly causing dehydrated cells to collapse.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 11 of 19 Case hardening Case hardening is caused by too rapid drying, resulting in the outside cells of the timber drying and hardening, sealing off the moisture in the central part of the board.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 12 of 19 Natural defects Natural defects can be further divided into: • Knots • Heart shakes • Cup shakes • Star shakes
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 13 of 19 Knots • Knots mainly occur in softwood and mark the origin of a branch in the tree. • Knots are termed either ‘dead’ or ‘live’ depending on the condition of the branch which caused it. • Dead knots are often loose. • Small live knots are no real problem. • Small dead knots and large knots, either dead or live, are a serious structural weakness.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 14 of 19 Knots
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 15 of 19 Heart shakes • Heart shakes are usually the result of disease or over- maturity of the tree. • The shakes radiate from the centre of the log and are caused by internal shrinkage.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 16 of 19 Cup shakes • Cup shakes, also known as ring shakes, are caused by a separation of the annual rings and are usually due to a lack of nutrient or twisting of the tree in high winds. • In bad cases, economic conversion of the log is very difficult.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 17 of 19 Star shakes • Star shakes are radial cracks which occur around the outside of the log. They are caused by shrinkage at the outside of the log while the middle remains stable. • This is usually because the log has been left too long before conversion.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 18 of 19 Aims and objectives Aim: Introduce learners to timber defects. Objectives: • List at least two defects found in timber. • State at least two seasoning defects. • List at least two natural defects. • State at least one term for knots found in timber.
Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 19 of 19 Any questions?

Recommended

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3
gsr101
 
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_3
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_36706 l2u214 powerpoint_3
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_3
gsr101
 
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 
6706 timber defects
6706 timber defects6706 timber defects
6706 timber defects
kevin porter
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
gsr101
 
Foundations 3
Foundations 3Foundations 3
Foundations 3
michael mcewan
 

Recommended

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 3
gsr101
 
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_3
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_36706 l2u214 powerpoint_3
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_3
gsr101
 
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 
6706 timber defects
6706 timber defects6706 timber defects
6706 timber defects
kevin porter
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 1
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 4
gsr101
 
Foundations 3
Foundations 3Foundations 3
Foundations 3
michael mcewan
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communicationUnit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
DjCurrie
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
gsr101
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
gsr101
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
gsr101
 
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofingunit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
kevin porter
 
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructionUnit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction
gsr101
 
unit 213 power point presentation 1
unit 213 power point presentation 1unit 213 power point presentation 1
unit 213 power point presentation 1
gsr101
 
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
kevin porter
 
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
gsr101
 
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
gsr101
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 
Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...
Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...
Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...
kevin porter
 
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofingunit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
kevin porter
 
Floor boarding and calculations 4
Floor boarding and calculations 4Floor boarding and calculations 4
Floor boarding and calculations 4
michael mcewan
 
Adhesives 1
Adhesives 1Adhesives 1
Adhesives 1
michael mcewan
 
unit 211 PPT 4
unit 211 PPT 4unit 211 PPT 4
unit 211 PPT 4
kevin porter
 
Type of paint 5
Type of paint 5Type of paint 5
Type of paint 5
michael mcewan
 
Bricklaying Tools
Bricklaying ToolsBricklaying Tools
Bricklaying Tools
DjCurrie
 
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 

More Related Content

What's hot

Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communicationUnit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
DjCurrie
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
gsr101
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
gsr101
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
gsr101
 
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
gsr101
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 

What's hot (20)

Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
 
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communicationUnit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
Unit 101: Principles of building construction, information and communication
 
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 2
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
 
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofingunit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
 
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in constructionUnit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction
Unit 201: Health safety and welfare in construction
 
unit 213 power point presentation 1
unit 213 power point presentation 1unit 213 power point presentation 1
unit 213 power point presentation 1
 
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 5
 
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 5
 
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
Unit 101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communi...
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
 
Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...
Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...
Unit 101, ppt 4, Principles of building, construction, information and commu...
 
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofingunit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
 
Floor boarding and calculations 4
Floor boarding and calculations 4Floor boarding and calculations 4
Floor boarding and calculations 4
 
Adhesives 1
Adhesives 1Adhesives 1
Adhesives 1
 
unit 211 PPT 4
unit 211 PPT 4unit 211 PPT 4
unit 211 PPT 4
 
Type of paint 5
Type of paint 5Type of paint 5
Type of paint 5
 
Bricklaying Tools
Bricklaying ToolsBricklaying Tools
Bricklaying Tools
 

Viewers also liked

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
gsr101
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
gsr101
 

Viewers also liked (7)

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
 
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
 
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking jointsUnit 115: Produce woodworking joints
Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints
 
Drawing sizes
Drawing sizesDrawing sizes
Drawing sizes
 
Gráficas nacimientos actividad salon
Gráficas nacimientos actividad salonGráficas nacimientos actividad salon
Gráficas nacimientos actividad salon
 
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_4
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_46706 l2u214 powerpoint_4
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_4
 
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
101 Level 1 Principles of building construction, information and communication
 

Similar to Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints

L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3
gsr101
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
gsr101
 

Similar to Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints (20)

L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 3
 
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_1
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_16706 l2u214 powerpoint_1
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_1
 
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_4
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_46708 13 l1_123_presentation_4
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_4
 
Timber 5
Timber 5Timber 5
Timber 5
 
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 1
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 1unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 1
unit 210 - capentry maintenance ppt 1
 
Power tools and abrasives 3
Power tools and abrasives 3Power tools and abrasives 3
Power tools and abrasives 3
 
6706 timber conversion
6706 timber conversion6706 timber conversion
6706 timber conversion
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
 
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_5
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_56708 13 l1_123_presentation_5
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_5
 
Building substrates
Building substratesBuilding substrates
Building substrates
 
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_3
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_36708 13 l1_123_presentation_3
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_3
 
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofingunit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
unit 207 carry out first fix flooring and roofing
 
6707 l1u117 presentation_1
6707 l1u117 presentation_16707 l1u117 presentation_1
6707 l1u117 presentation_1
 
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_1
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_16708 13 l1_123_presentation_1
6708 13 l1_123_presentation_1
 
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_2
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_26706 l2u214 powerpoint_2
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_2
 
unit 211 PPT 1
unit 211 PPT 1unit 211 PPT 1
unit 211 PPT 1
 
2. General civil Engineering
2. General civil Engineering2. General civil Engineering
2. General civil Engineering
 
Preparation tools and equipment
Preparation tools and equipmentPreparation tools and equipment
Preparation tools and equipment
 
6707 l1u117 presentation_2
6707 l1u117 presentation_26707 l1u117 presentation_2
6707 l1u117 presentation_2
 
Power point 1
Power point 1Power point 1
Power point 1
 

More from gsr101

L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
gsr101
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2
gsr101
 

More from gsr101 (10)

L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 211 power point presentation 5
 
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_5
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_56706 l2u214 powerpoint_5
6706 l2u214 powerpoint_5
 
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1
L2 bench joinery unit 212 power point presentation 1
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 5
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 4
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 3
 
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2
L2 bench joinery unit 213 power point presentation 2
 
Foundations
FoundationsFoundations
Foundations
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
 
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
Unit 113: Maintain and use carpentry and joinery hand tools
 

Recently uploaded

Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
PECB
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
kauryashika82
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
ciinovamais
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Chris Hunter
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy ConsultingGrant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
Grant Readiness 101 TechSoup and Remy Consulting
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptxRole Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
Role Of Transgenic Animal In Target Validation-1.pptx
 
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in DelhiRussian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
Russian Escort Service in Delhi 11k Hotel Foreigner Russian Call Girls in Delhi
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-IIFood Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
 
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
Nutritional Needs Presentation - HLTH 104
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.pptApplication orientated numerical on hev.ppt
Application orientated numerical on hev.ppt
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
 

Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints

  • 1. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 1 of 19 Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints Timber defects
  • 2. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 2 of 19 Aims and objectives Aim: Introduce learners to timber defects. Objectives: • List at least two defects found in timber. • State at least two seasoning defects. • List at least two natural defects. • State at least one term for knots found in timber.
  • 3. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 3 of 14 Timber defects Defects are faults that are found in timber. Some present a serious structural weakness in the timber, others do little more than spoil its appearance. Defects can be divided into two groups: 1. Seasoning defects 2. Natural defects
  • 4. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 4 of 19 Seasoning defects Seasoning defects can be further divided into: • Bowing • Springing • Winding (or twist) • Cupping • Shaking • Collapse • Case hardening
  • 5. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 5 of 19 Bowing Bowing is usually caused by poor stacking during seasoning. It is a serious defect, causing good timber to be suitable only for use in short lengths.
  • 6. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 6 of 19 Springing Springing is a edge way curvature of a board. It is usually caused by the release of internal stresses during seasoning.
  • 7. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 7 of 19 Winding or twist Winding, is also known as twist, is very serious as it restricts the use of the timber to short lengths. It is caused by poor seasoning and poor stacking.
  • 8. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 8 of 19 Cupping Cupping is very common in flat sawn boards. It occurs through shrinkage of the timber when drying.
  • 9. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 9 of 19 Shaking Shaking is caused by the board being dried too rapidly. It is particularly common at the ends of boards, spreading along the grain.
  • 10. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 10 of 19 Collapse Collapse is a rare defect caused by too rapid drying in the early stages of seasoning. The moisture is drawn out too rapidly causing dehydrated cells to collapse.
  • 11. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 11 of 19 Case hardening Case hardening is caused by too rapid drying, resulting in the outside cells of the timber drying and hardening, sealing off the moisture in the central part of the board.
  • 12. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 12 of 19 Natural defects Natural defects can be further divided into: • Knots • Heart shakes • Cup shakes • Star shakes
  • 13. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 13 of 19 Knots • Knots mainly occur in softwood and mark the origin of a branch in the tree. • Knots are termed either ‘dead’ or ‘live’ depending on the condition of the branch which caused it. • Dead knots are often loose. • Small live knots are no real problem. • Small dead knots and large knots, either dead or live, are a serious structural weakness.
  • 14. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 14 of 19 Knots
  • 15. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 15 of 19 Heart shakes • Heart shakes are usually the result of disease or over- maturity of the tree. • The shakes radiate from the centre of the log and are caused by internal shrinkage.
  • 16. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 16 of 19 Cup shakes • Cup shakes, also known as ring shakes, are caused by a separation of the annual rings and are usually due to a lack of nutrient or twisting of the tree in high winds. • In bad cases, economic conversion of the log is very difficult.
  • 17. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 17 of 19 Star shakes • Star shakes are radial cracks which occur around the outside of the log. They are caused by shrinkage at the outside of the log while the middle remains stable. • This is usually because the log has been left too long before conversion.
  • 18. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 18 of 19 Aims and objectives Aim: Introduce learners to timber defects. Objectives: • List at least two defects found in timber. • State at least two seasoning defects. • List at least two natural defects. • State at least one term for knots found in timber.
  • 19. Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery © 2013 City and Guilds of London Institute. All rights reserved. 19 of 19 Any questions?