SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 10
BBaassiicc SSkkiillllss--LLeessssoonn 44 
Mathematical & Graphical Skills 
CCuurrvvee SSttrraaiigghhtteenniinngg 
MMeetthhoodd ooff MMuullttiipplliieerrss 
{{FFiinnddiinngg tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy}} 
NNeellssoonn RReeffeerreennccee:: 669977--669999
 By plotting eexxppeerriimmeennttaall 
ddaattaa,, wwee ccaann oofftteenn ddeetteerrmmiinnee 
tthhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn ttwwoo 
vvaarriiaabblleess 
 HHeerree,, wwee sseeee tthhaatt tthheerree iiss aa 
lliinneeaarr rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp V = kI 
((wwhheerree kk iiss tthhee ccoonnssttaanntt)).. 
SSiinnccee tthhee voltage intercept is 
“0” wwee ccaann aallssoo ssaayy V µ I 
 OOfftteenn,, wwee ffiirrsstt ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee 
pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy,, tthheenn wwee 
ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee vvaalluuee ooff tthhee 
ccoonnssttaanntt ((kk)).. 
 IIff wwee rreemmeemmbbeerr OOhhmm’’ss LLaaww,, 
oorr VV==IIRR,, wwee wwoouulldd sseeee tthhaatt 
tthhee ccoonnssttaanntt iiss aaccttuuaallllyy tthhee 
________________ 
Voltage (V) 
V v s I 
C u r r e n t ( I)
 If we just llooookk aatt tthhee ddaattaa,, 
iitt wwoouulldd bbee ddiiffffiiccuulltt ttoo sseeee 
tthhee ttyyppee ooff rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp 
bbeettwweeeenn ““dd”” && ““tt””.. TThhee 
ddaattaa ddooeess iinnddiiccaattee tthhaatt aa 
pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy mmaayy eexxiisstt 
bbeeccaauussee ooff ______________________ 
 HHoowweevveerr,, iiff wwee ggrraapphh tthhee 
ddaattaa,, iitt iiss ppoossssiibbllee ttoo sseeee 
tthhaatt ssoommee ssoorrtt ooff ppoowweerr 
rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp eexxiissttss.. 
 WWiitthhoouutt ggrraapphhiinngg,, wwee 
ccoouulldd uussee tthhee method of 
multipliers ttoo ddeetteerrmmiinnee 
pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittiieess tthhaatt aarree 
ffaaiirrllyy ssiimmppllee.. 
TTiimmee ((ss)) DDiissttaannccee((mm)) 
00 00 
11 55 
22 2200 
33 4455 
Distance (m) 
d v s t 
1 2 3 
T i m e ( s ) 
4 5 
2 0 
5
 BByy cchhoooossiinngg tthhee ddaattaa ppooiinntt 
((11,,55)),, wwee ccaann ddeetteerrmmiinnee 
wwhhaatt nnuummbbeerrss wwee mmuusstt 
mmuullttiippllyy 11 bbyy ttoo ggeett eeaacchh ooff 
tthhee nneexxtt ““tt”” vvaalluueess.. WWee ddoo 
tthhee ssaammee ffoorr tthhee ““dd”” vvaalluueess 
ssttaarrttiinngg wwiitthh 55.. 
 NNooww wwee ddeetteerrmmiinnee wwhhaatt 
ccoouulldd wwee ddoo ttoo ““tt”” oorr ““dd”” ttoo 
mmaakkee tthhee mmuullttiipplliieerrss eeqquuaall –– 
fill in rest of chart 
 WWhheenn tthhee mmuullttiipplliieerrss aarree 
eeqquuaall,, wwee nnooww kknnooww tthhee 
pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy.. 
 TThhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy iiss:: 
__________________________ 
 TThhee eeqquuaalliittyy iiss::________________ 
 TThhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy ccoonnssttaanntt 
iiss::______________________ 
““tt”” 
mmuullttii 
pplliieerr 
tt 
((ss)) 
d 
(m) 
“d” 
multi 
plier 
00 0 
11 5 
11 xx22 22 20 5 xx44 
11 xx33 33 45 5 xx99
Creating a Straight Line Graph 
(From a Proportionality) 
BByy uussiinngg tthhee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn 
ffoorr tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy,, 
wwee ccaann nnooww ccrreeaattee aa 
ssttrraaiigghhtt lliinnee ggrraapphh.. 
TThhiiss aalllloowwss uuss ttoo vveerryy 
eeaassiillyy iinntteerrppoollaattee oorr 
eexxttrraappoollaattee vvaalluueess.. 
Distance (m) 
d v s t 2 
1 4 9 
T i m e 2 ( s 2 ) 
4 5 
2 0 
5
y 
O t h e r T y p e s o f P r o p o r t i o n a l i t i e s 
y v s x 
x 
y 
y v s x y v s x 
x 
y 
x 
P o w e r 
y = k x n 
n > 1 
R o o t 
y = k x ( 1 / n ) 
n > 1 
I n v e r s e 
y = k / x ( n ) 
n > 1 , o r n = 1 
For the inverse, there wwiillll nneevveerr bbee aa ((00,,00)) ddaattaa 
ppooiinntt iinnddiiccaattiinngg tthhaatt aa pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy mmaayy eexxiisstt.. 
TThhee qquueessttiioonn wwiillll hhaavvee ttoo tteellll yyoouu tthhaatt tthhee 
pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy eexxiissttss bbeeffoorree yyoouu ttrryy ttoo ddeetteerrmmiinnee 
tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy..
Creating Linear Graphs 
from Non-Linear Graphs 
 To do this, we must rreemmeemmbbeerr tthhee bbaassiicc ffoorrmm oorr 
aa lliinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonn::________________________ 
AAllll mmaanniippuullaatteedd eeqquuaattiioonnss wwiillll bbee ppuutt iinnttoo tthhiiss 
ffoorrmm.. 
 Example 1: DDeetteerrmmiinnee hhooww ((11//yy)) == kk ((xx+aa)) ½ ccaann 
bbee mmaanniippuullaatteedd ttoo pprroodduuccee aa lliinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonn aanndd 
lliinneeaarr ggrraapphh.. NNoottee:: ””k”” aanndd ““a”” aarree nnuummeerriiccaall 
ccoonnssttaannttss.. {{ EExxaammppllee ddoonnee oonn bbooaarrdd}}
Example 2: EExxppeerriimmeennttaall ddaattaa 
hhaass bbeeeenn ffoouunndd ttoo oobbeeyy tthhee 
rreellaattiioonn y = k(x-b)1/2 wwhheerree kk 
aanndd bb aarree ccoonnssttaannttss.. 
 UUssiinngg tthhee ttaabbllee ooff 
eexxppeerriimmeennttaall ddaattaa,, ccrreeaattee aa 
lliinneeaarr pplloott aanndd ddeetteerrmmiinnee 
tthhee vvaalluueess ooff tthhee ccoonnssttaannttss 
k aanndd b. 
 On the board,, ddeetteerrmmiinnee 
hhooww tthhee eeqquuaattiioonn ccaann bbee 
mmaanniippuullaatteedd.. YYoouu mmaayy 
iinnttrroodduuccee aannyy nneeww vvaarriiaabblleess 
tthhaatt aarree rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo ddoo tthhiiss.. 
xx yy 
33 --11 
66 --22 
1111 --33
Our lliinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonn iiss:: 
y2 = k2x-k2b,, wwhheerree k2 iiss 
tthhee ssllooppee,, aanndd -k2b iiss 
tthhee yy22 iinntteerrcceepptt.. 
SSoo k2 = (4-1)/(6-3) = 1 
aanndd k = ± 1 
BBuutt -k2b = -2, ssoo b = 2 
AAnndd b iiss tthhee ________________)) 
HHooww ddoo wwee ffiinndd tthhee ccoorrrreecctt 
vvaalluuee ooff k? 
GGoo bbaacckk ttoo tthhee oorriiggiinnaall 
eeqquuaattiioonn ttoo ffiinndd k = ________ 
.. 
y 2 v s x 
1 0 
8 
4 6 
2 
- 2 2 4 6 8 1 0 
x 
y 2
Practice Questions ( a lot!) 
 WWoorrkkbbooookk ppaaggee ##88aa –– ttrryy aallll 
qquueessttiioonnss 
 UUssiinngg tthhee ddaattaa ffoouunndd iinn tthhee 
ttaabbllee,, ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee vvaalluueess ooff 
tthhee ccoonnssttaannttss kk aanndd a bbyy 
ccrreeaattiinngg aa ssttrraaiigghhtt lliinnee ggrraapphh.. 
GGiivveenn tthhaatt tthhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp 
bbeettwweeeenn xx && yy iiss:: 
 (1/y) = kx2 + a 
 Ans: k = -2, a = +3 
xx yy 
11 ++11 
22 --11//55 
33 --11//1155

More Related Content

What's hot

Independent sample_t-test
Independent sample_t-testIndependent sample_t-test
Independent sample_t-testShajar Khan
 
Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13
Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13
Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13filippocarrega
 
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40Bilal Ahmed
 
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07Bilal Ahmed
 
Unit2 planet earth
Unit2 planet earthUnit2 planet earth
Unit2 planet earthmihayedo
 
21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii
21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii
21 High-quality programming code construction part-iimaznabili
 
equilibrio químico y velocidades de reacción
equilibrio químico y velocidades de reacciónequilibrio químico y velocidades de reacción
equilibrio químico y velocidades de reacciónMeli Aguilera
 
equilibrio ácido-base
equilibrio ácido-baseequilibrio ácido-base
equilibrio ácido-baseMeli Aguilera
 
demand
demanddemand
demandNCDB
 
demand
 demand demand
demandNCDB
 
AKASH
AKASHAKASH
AKASHadsrg
 
Archivo de Excel
Archivo de ExcelArchivo de Excel
Archivo de Exceltatyroa94
 

What's hot (17)

Independent sample_t-test
Independent sample_t-testIndependent sample_t-test
Independent sample_t-test
 
Gelombang
GelombangGelombang
Gelombang
 
Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13
Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13
Domanda iscrizione-scuola-musica-2012-13
 
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 40
 
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 07
 
Unit2 planet earth
Unit2 planet earthUnit2 planet earth
Unit2 planet earth
 
21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii
21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii
21 High-quality programming code construction part-ii
 
equilibrio químico y velocidades de reacción
equilibrio químico y velocidades de reacciónequilibrio químico y velocidades de reacción
equilibrio químico y velocidades de reacción
 
Iglesia de Filadelfia
Iglesia de FiladelfiaIglesia de Filadelfia
Iglesia de Filadelfia
 
equilibrio ácido-base
equilibrio ácido-baseequilibrio ácido-base
equilibrio ácido-base
 
demand
demanddemand
demand
 
demand
 demand demand
demand
 
AKASH
AKASHAKASH
AKASH
 
Chapter 6 testbench
Chapter 6 testbenchChapter 6 testbench
Chapter 6 testbench
 
Ankit
AnkitAnkit
Ankit
 
Jesus in islam
Jesus in islamJesus in islam
Jesus in islam
 
Archivo de Excel
Archivo de ExcelArchivo de Excel
Archivo de Excel
 

Viewers also liked

Grade 12 U0-L2-Error
Grade 12 U0-L2-ErrorGrade 12 U0-L2-Error
Grade 12 U0-L2-Errorgruszecki1
 
Grade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDig
Grade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDigGrade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDig
Grade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDiggruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L1-Vibrations
Grade 11, U4 L1-VibrationsGrade 11, U4 L1-Vibrations
Grade 11, U4 L1-Vibrationsgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L4-Standing waves
Grade 11, U4 L4-Standing wavesGrade 11, U4 L4-Standing waves
Grade 11, U4 L4-Standing wavesgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of Waves
Grade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of WavesGrade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of Waves
Grade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of Wavesgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L2-Waves
Grade 11, U4 L2-WavesGrade 11, U4 L2-Waves
Grade 11, U4 L2-Wavesgruszecki1
 
Grade 11 U2 L9-Power and Efficiency
Grade 11 U2 L9-Power and EfficiencyGrade 11 U2 L9-Power and Efficiency
Grade 11 U2 L9-Power and Efficiencygruszecki1
 
Grade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons Forces
Grade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons ForcesGrade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons Forces
Grade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons Forcesgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of Energy
Grade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of EnergyGrade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of Energy
Grade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of Energygruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U2 L1-Energy & Work
Grade 11, U2 L1-Energy & WorkGrade 11, U2 L1-Energy & Work
Grade 11, U2 L1-Energy & Workgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U2-L2-Work
Grade 11, U2-L2-WorkGrade 11, U2-L2-Work
Grade 11, U2-L2-Workgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic Energy
Grade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic EnergyGrade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic Energy
Grade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic Energygruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U2 L4-Eg
Grade 11, U2 L4-EgGrade 11, U2 L4-Eg
Grade 11, U2 L4-Eggruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L6-Air Columns
Grade 11, U4 L6-Air ColumnsGrade 11, U4 L6-Air Columns
Grade 11, U4 L6-Air Columnsgruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L7-Sound Intensity
Grade 11, U4 L7-Sound IntensityGrade 11, U4 L7-Sound Intensity
Grade 11, U4 L7-Sound Intensitygruszecki1
 
Grade 11, U4 L5-Wave Characteristics
Grade 11, U4 L5-Wave CharacteristicsGrade 11, U4 L5-Wave Characteristics
Grade 11, U4 L5-Wave Characteristicsgruszecki1
 

Viewers also liked (16)

Grade 12 U0-L2-Error
Grade 12 U0-L2-ErrorGrade 12 U0-L2-Error
Grade 12 U0-L2-Error
 
Grade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDig
Grade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDigGrade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDig
Grade 12 U0-l1-ReviewofSigDig
 
Grade 11, U4 L1-Vibrations
Grade 11, U4 L1-VibrationsGrade 11, U4 L1-Vibrations
Grade 11, U4 L1-Vibrations
 
Grade 11, U4 L4-Standing waves
Grade 11, U4 L4-Standing wavesGrade 11, U4 L4-Standing waves
Grade 11, U4 L4-Standing waves
 
Grade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of Waves
Grade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of WavesGrade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of Waves
Grade 11, U4 L3-Superposition of Waves
 
Grade 11, U4 L2-Waves
Grade 11, U4 L2-WavesGrade 11, U4 L2-Waves
Grade 11, U4 L2-Waves
 
Grade 11 U2 L9-Power and Efficiency
Grade 11 U2 L9-Power and EfficiencyGrade 11 U2 L9-Power and Efficiency
Grade 11 U2 L9-Power and Efficiency
 
Grade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons Forces
Grade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons ForcesGrade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons Forces
Grade 11 U2 L5B Cons and Non-Cons Forces
 
Grade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of Energy
Grade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of EnergyGrade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of Energy
Grade 11, U2 L5A-Conservation of Energy
 
Grade 11, U2 L1-Energy & Work
Grade 11, U2 L1-Energy & WorkGrade 11, U2 L1-Energy & Work
Grade 11, U2 L1-Energy & Work
 
Grade 11, U2-L2-Work
Grade 11, U2-L2-WorkGrade 11, U2-L2-Work
Grade 11, U2-L2-Work
 
Grade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic Energy
Grade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic EnergyGrade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic Energy
Grade 11, U2 L3-Kinetic Energy
 
Grade 11, U2 L4-Eg
Grade 11, U2 L4-EgGrade 11, U2 L4-Eg
Grade 11, U2 L4-Eg
 
Grade 11, U4 L6-Air Columns
Grade 11, U4 L6-Air ColumnsGrade 11, U4 L6-Air Columns
Grade 11, U4 L6-Air Columns
 
Grade 11, U4 L7-Sound Intensity
Grade 11, U4 L7-Sound IntensityGrade 11, U4 L7-Sound Intensity
Grade 11, U4 L7-Sound Intensity
 
Grade 11, U4 L5-Wave Characteristics
Grade 11, U4 L5-Wave CharacteristicsGrade 11, U4 L5-Wave Characteristics
Grade 11, U4 L5-Wave Characteristics
 

Similar to Grade 12 U0-L4-GraphicalMethods

Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30U.S. Army Garrison Japan
 
1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]
1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]
1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]Hera Rahmaliani
 
introduccion basica php
introduccion basica phpintroduccion basica php
introduccion basica phpPablo Mamani
 
business plan presentation
business plan presentationbusiness plan presentation
business plan presentationHotRat
 
Convention cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminaux
Convention   cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminauxConvention   cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminaux
Convention cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminauxRabah HELAL
 
Epoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorismEpoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorismJanos Tomolya
 
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6U.S. Army Garrison Japan
 
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10Bilal Ahmed
 
Solving linear equations (chapter 2)
Solving linear equations (chapter 2)Solving linear equations (chapter 2)
Solving linear equations (chapter 2)Raza Zaidi
 
Business plan presentation_format
Business plan presentation_formatBusiness plan presentation_format
Business plan presentation_formatbindur87
 
Engineering & Tech Quiz Prelims
Engineering & Tech Quiz PrelimsEngineering & Tech Quiz Prelims
Engineering & Tech Quiz PrelimsSomnath Chanda
 
Call Centre Training Package
Call Centre Training PackageCall Centre Training Package
Call Centre Training PackageStephen J Landry
 
18 Hash tables and sets
18 Hash tables and sets18 Hash tables and sets
18 Hash tables and setsmaznabili
 
Herbert Μorrison-presentation
Herbert Μorrison-presentation Herbert Μorrison-presentation
Herbert Μorrison-presentation eugpap
 

Similar to Grade 12 U0-L4-GraphicalMethods (20)

Lesson 6 day 2
Lesson 6 day 2Lesson 6 day 2
Lesson 6 day 2
 
Pineapple
PineapplePineapple
Pineapple
 
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 24 to 30
 
1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]
1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]
1.struktur kristal (hand_out)[1]
 
introduccion basica php
introduccion basica phpintroduccion basica php
introduccion basica php
 
business plan presentation
business plan presentationbusiness plan presentation
business plan presentation
 
Convention cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminaux
Convention   cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminauxConvention   cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminaux
Convention cnudci - responsabilité des exploitants de terminaux
 
Epoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorismEpoch, definitions of terrorism
Epoch, definitions of terrorism
 
Teoriabalance
TeoriabalanceTeoriabalance
Teoriabalance
 
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6
Command Channel Slides Week Between Oct. 31 to Nov. 6
 
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10
CS201- Introduction to Programming- Lecture 10
 
Solving linear equations (chapter 2)
Solving linear equations (chapter 2)Solving linear equations (chapter 2)
Solving linear equations (chapter 2)
 
Pengujian hipotesis
Pengujian hipotesisPengujian hipotesis
Pengujian hipotesis
 
Apoptosis
ApoptosisApoptosis
Apoptosis
 
Business plan presentation_format
Business plan presentation_formatBusiness plan presentation_format
Business plan presentation_format
 
Engineering & Tech Quiz Prelims
Engineering & Tech Quiz PrelimsEngineering & Tech Quiz Prelims
Engineering & Tech Quiz Prelims
 
Call Centre Training Package
Call Centre Training PackageCall Centre Training Package
Call Centre Training Package
 
Ageing male
Ageing maleAgeing male
Ageing male
 
18 Hash tables and sets
18 Hash tables and sets18 Hash tables and sets
18 Hash tables and sets
 
Herbert Μorrison-presentation
Herbert Μorrison-presentation Herbert Μorrison-presentation
Herbert Μorrison-presentation
 

More from gruszecki1

Topics for math test 2018
Topics for math test 2018Topics for math test 2018
Topics for math test 2018gruszecki1
 
Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R
Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R
Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R gruszecki1
 
Grade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentation
Grade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentationGrade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentation
Grade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentationgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnification
Grade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnificationGrade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnification
Grade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnificationgruszecki1
 
Grade 9-U3-L9-Invasive species
Grade 9-U3-L9-Invasive speciesGrade 9-U3-L9-Invasive species
Grade 9-U3-L9-Invasive speciesgruszecki1
 
Grade 9,U3-L7 population ecology
Grade 9,U3-L7 population ecologyGrade 9,U3-L7 population ecology
Grade 9,U3-L7 population ecologygruszecki1
 
Grade9,U3-L6 Ecological Succession
Grade9,U3-L6 Ecological SuccessionGrade9,U3-L6 Ecological Succession
Grade9,U3-L6 Ecological Successiongruszecki1
 
Grade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factors
Grade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factorsGrade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factors
Grade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factorsgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U3-L4 Cycles
Grade 9, U3-L4 CyclesGrade 9, U3-L4 Cycles
Grade 9, U3-L4 Cyclesgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food WebsGrade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Websgruszecki1
 
Grade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystems
Grade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystemsGrade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystems
Grade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystemsgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earth
Grade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earthGrade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earth
Grade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earthgruszecki1
 
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricityGrade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricitygruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U2-L6-Circuits
Grade 9, U2-L6-CircuitsGrade 9, U2-L6-Circuits
Grade 9, U2-L6-Circuitsgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT's
Grade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT'sGrade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT's
Grade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT'sgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantities
Grade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantitiesGrade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantities
Grade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantitiesgruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U2-L3-Current electricity
Grade 9, U2-L3-Current electricityGrade 9, U2-L3-Current electricity
Grade 9, U2-L3-Current electricitygruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging Objects
Grade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging ObjectsGrade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging Objects
Grade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging Objectsgruszecki1
 
Grade 9-U2-L1-Static electricity
Grade 9-U2-L1-Static electricityGrade 9-U2-L1-Static electricity
Grade 9-U2-L1-Static electricitygruszecki1
 
Grade 9, U1-L13-Molecular Compounds
Grade 9, U1-L13-Molecular CompoundsGrade 9, U1-L13-Molecular Compounds
Grade 9, U1-L13-Molecular Compoundsgruszecki1
 

More from gruszecki1 (20)

Topics for math test 2018
Topics for math test 2018Topics for math test 2018
Topics for math test 2018
 
Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R
Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R
Grad12, U3-L2A-HorizPM-R
 
Grade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentation
Grade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentationGrade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentation
Grade9, L11-U3Habitat loss and fragmentation
 
Grade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnification
Grade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnificationGrade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnification
Grade 9, U3-L10 pesticides and biomagnification
 
Grade 9-U3-L9-Invasive species
Grade 9-U3-L9-Invasive speciesGrade 9-U3-L9-Invasive species
Grade 9-U3-L9-Invasive species
 
Grade 9,U3-L7 population ecology
Grade 9,U3-L7 population ecologyGrade 9,U3-L7 population ecology
Grade 9,U3-L7 population ecology
 
Grade9,U3-L6 Ecological Succession
Grade9,U3-L6 Ecological SuccessionGrade9,U3-L6 Ecological Succession
Grade9,U3-L6 Ecological Succession
 
Grade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factors
Grade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factorsGrade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factors
Grade9, U3-L5 biotic and abiotic factors
 
Grade 9, U3-L4 Cycles
Grade 9, U3-L4 CyclesGrade 9, U3-L4 Cycles
Grade 9, U3-L4 Cycles
 
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food WebsGrade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
Grade 9, U3-L3 Food Chains and Food Webs
 
Grade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystems
Grade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystemsGrade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystems
Grade9, U3-L2, Energy flow in ecosystems
 
Grade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earth
Grade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earthGrade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earth
Grade 9, U3-L1-Life on planet earth
 
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricityGrade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
 
Grade 9, U2-L6-Circuits
Grade 9, U2-L6-CircuitsGrade 9, U2-L6-Circuits
Grade 9, U2-L6-Circuits
 
Grade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT's
Grade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT'sGrade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT's
Grade 9, U2-L5 Equivalent Resistance and Complex CCT's
 
Grade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantities
Grade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantitiesGrade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantities
Grade 9, U2-L4-Electrical quantities
 
Grade 9, U2-L3-Current electricity
Grade 9, U2-L3-Current electricityGrade 9, U2-L3-Current electricity
Grade 9, U2-L3-Current electricity
 
Grade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging Objects
Grade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging ObjectsGrade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging Objects
Grade 9, U2-L2, Charging and Discharging Objects
 
Grade 9-U2-L1-Static electricity
Grade 9-U2-L1-Static electricityGrade 9-U2-L1-Static electricity
Grade 9-U2-L1-Static electricity
 
Grade 9, U1-L13-Molecular Compounds
Grade 9, U1-L13-Molecular CompoundsGrade 9, U1-L13-Molecular Compounds
Grade 9, U1-L13-Molecular Compounds
 

Grade 12 U0-L4-GraphicalMethods

  • 1. BBaassiicc SSkkiillllss--LLeessssoonn 44 Mathematical & Graphical Skills CCuurrvvee SSttrraaiigghhtteenniinngg MMeetthhoodd ooff MMuullttiipplliieerrss {{FFiinnddiinngg tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy}} NNeellssoonn RReeffeerreennccee:: 669977--669999
  • 2.  By plotting eexxppeerriimmeennttaall ddaattaa,, wwee ccaann oofftteenn ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn ttwwoo vvaarriiaabblleess  HHeerree,, wwee sseeee tthhaatt tthheerree iiss aa lliinneeaarr rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp V = kI ((wwhheerree kk iiss tthhee ccoonnssttaanntt)).. SSiinnccee tthhee voltage intercept is “0” wwee ccaann aallssoo ssaayy V µ I  OOfftteenn,, wwee ffiirrsstt ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy,, tthheenn wwee ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee vvaalluuee ooff tthhee ccoonnssttaanntt ((kk))..  IIff wwee rreemmeemmbbeerr OOhhmm’’ss LLaaww,, oorr VV==IIRR,, wwee wwoouulldd sseeee tthhaatt tthhee ccoonnssttaanntt iiss aaccttuuaallllyy tthhee ________________ Voltage (V) V v s I C u r r e n t ( I)
  • 3.  If we just llooookk aatt tthhee ddaattaa,, iitt wwoouulldd bbee ddiiffffiiccuulltt ttoo sseeee tthhee ttyyppee ooff rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn ““dd”” && ““tt””.. TThhee ddaattaa ddooeess iinnddiiccaattee tthhaatt aa pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy mmaayy eexxiisstt bbeeccaauussee ooff ______________________  HHoowweevveerr,, iiff wwee ggrraapphh tthhee ddaattaa,, iitt iiss ppoossssiibbllee ttoo sseeee tthhaatt ssoommee ssoorrtt ooff ppoowweerr rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp eexxiissttss..  WWiitthhoouutt ggrraapphhiinngg,, wwee ccoouulldd uussee tthhee method of multipliers ttoo ddeetteerrmmiinnee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittiieess tthhaatt aarree ffaaiirrllyy ssiimmppllee.. TTiimmee ((ss)) DDiissttaannccee((mm)) 00 00 11 55 22 2200 33 4455 Distance (m) d v s t 1 2 3 T i m e ( s ) 4 5 2 0 5
  • 4.  BByy cchhoooossiinngg tthhee ddaattaa ppooiinntt ((11,,55)),, wwee ccaann ddeetteerrmmiinnee wwhhaatt nnuummbbeerrss wwee mmuusstt mmuullttiippllyy 11 bbyy ttoo ggeett eeaacchh ooff tthhee nneexxtt ““tt”” vvaalluueess.. WWee ddoo tthhee ssaammee ffoorr tthhee ““dd”” vvaalluueess ssttaarrttiinngg wwiitthh 55..  NNooww wwee ddeetteerrmmiinnee wwhhaatt ccoouulldd wwee ddoo ttoo ““tt”” oorr ““dd”” ttoo mmaakkee tthhee mmuullttiipplliieerrss eeqquuaall –– fill in rest of chart  WWhheenn tthhee mmuullttiipplliieerrss aarree eeqquuaall,, wwee nnooww kknnooww tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy..  TThhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy iiss:: __________________________  TThhee eeqquuaalliittyy iiss::________________  TThhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy ccoonnssttaanntt iiss::______________________ ““tt”” mmuullttii pplliieerr tt ((ss)) d (m) “d” multi plier 00 0 11 5 11 xx22 22 20 5 xx44 11 xx33 33 45 5 xx99
  • 5. Creating a Straight Line Graph (From a Proportionality) BByy uussiinngg tthhee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ffoorr tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy,, wwee ccaann nnooww ccrreeaattee aa ssttrraaiigghhtt lliinnee ggrraapphh.. TThhiiss aalllloowwss uuss ttoo vveerryy eeaassiillyy iinntteerrppoollaattee oorr eexxttrraappoollaattee vvaalluueess.. Distance (m) d v s t 2 1 4 9 T i m e 2 ( s 2 ) 4 5 2 0 5
  • 6. y O t h e r T y p e s o f P r o p o r t i o n a l i t i e s y v s x x y y v s x y v s x x y x P o w e r y = k x n n > 1 R o o t y = k x ( 1 / n ) n > 1 I n v e r s e y = k / x ( n ) n > 1 , o r n = 1 For the inverse, there wwiillll nneevveerr bbee aa ((00,,00)) ddaattaa ppooiinntt iinnddiiccaattiinngg tthhaatt aa pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy mmaayy eexxiisstt.. TThhee qquueessttiioonn wwiillll hhaavvee ttoo tteellll yyoouu tthhaatt tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy eexxiissttss bbeeffoorree yyoouu ttrryy ttoo ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee pprrooppoorrttiioonnaalliittyy..
  • 7. Creating Linear Graphs from Non-Linear Graphs  To do this, we must rreemmeemmbbeerr tthhee bbaassiicc ffoorrmm oorr aa lliinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonn::________________________ AAllll mmaanniippuullaatteedd eeqquuaattiioonnss wwiillll bbee ppuutt iinnttoo tthhiiss ffoorrmm..  Example 1: DDeetteerrmmiinnee hhooww ((11//yy)) == kk ((xx+aa)) ½ ccaann bbee mmaanniippuullaatteedd ttoo pprroodduuccee aa lliinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonn aanndd lliinneeaarr ggrraapphh.. NNoottee:: ””k”” aanndd ““a”” aarree nnuummeerriiccaall ccoonnssttaannttss.. {{ EExxaammppllee ddoonnee oonn bbooaarrdd}}
  • 8. Example 2: EExxppeerriimmeennttaall ddaattaa hhaass bbeeeenn ffoouunndd ttoo oobbeeyy tthhee rreellaattiioonn y = k(x-b)1/2 wwhheerree kk aanndd bb aarree ccoonnssttaannttss..  UUssiinngg tthhee ttaabbllee ooff eexxppeerriimmeennttaall ddaattaa,, ccrreeaattee aa lliinneeaarr pplloott aanndd ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee vvaalluueess ooff tthhee ccoonnssttaannttss k aanndd b.  On the board,, ddeetteerrmmiinnee hhooww tthhee eeqquuaattiioonn ccaann bbee mmaanniippuullaatteedd.. YYoouu mmaayy iinnttrroodduuccee aannyy nneeww vvaarriiaabblleess tthhaatt aarree rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo ddoo tthhiiss.. xx yy 33 --11 66 --22 1111 --33
  • 9. Our lliinneeaarr eeqquuaattiioonn iiss:: y2 = k2x-k2b,, wwhheerree k2 iiss tthhee ssllooppee,, aanndd -k2b iiss tthhee yy22 iinntteerrcceepptt.. SSoo k2 = (4-1)/(6-3) = 1 aanndd k = ± 1 BBuutt -k2b = -2, ssoo b = 2 AAnndd b iiss tthhee ________________)) HHooww ddoo wwee ffiinndd tthhee ccoorrrreecctt vvaalluuee ooff k? GGoo bbaacckk ttoo tthhee oorriiggiinnaall eeqquuaattiioonn ttoo ffiinndd k = ________ .. y 2 v s x 1 0 8 4 6 2 - 2 2 4 6 8 1 0 x y 2
  • 10. Practice Questions ( a lot!)  WWoorrkkbbooookk ppaaggee ##88aa –– ttrryy aallll qquueessttiioonnss  UUssiinngg tthhee ddaattaa ffoouunndd iinn tthhee ttaabbllee,, ddeetteerrmmiinnee tthhee vvaalluueess ooff tthhee ccoonnssttaannttss kk aanndd a bbyy ccrreeaattiinngg aa ssttrraaiigghhtt lliinnee ggrraapphh.. GGiivveenn tthhaatt tthhee rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp bbeettwweeeenn xx && yy iiss::  (1/y) = kx2 + a  Ans: k = -2, a = +3 xx yy 11 ++11 22 --11//55 33 --11//1155