1. Watershed
Management
& Resilience
Nanette Salvador-Antequisa
Executive Director
EcoWEB, Inc.

5. 5

9. The Ecosystems and
Riverbasin Approach

11. Pressure on the watershed:
The Case of Mandulog, Iligan Watershed
Practices
-Pressure on remaining
natural resources:
timber poaching, tree
cutting, fuel wood,
charcoal, sand & gravel
and minerals extraction;
-Destructive farming
practice: kaingin;
herbicide use
-Fish poisoning in the
river
-Weak monitoring and
implementation of
programs
UnderlyingCauses
-Poverty
-Lack of natural
resource policies
enforcement &
regulation of practices
-Lack of support service,
coordination
-Accessibility issue
-Peace and order
problem
-Overlapping political
boundaries
-Land conflicts

12. Why the River Basin
Approach?
 Because flow of water from the top (head waters)
down to the lowlands and sea is along the river basin
boundary & not along political boundaries
 What is a River Basin?
It is the largest unit of a watershed starting from the
headwater down to the river mouth bordering the sea
 What is a Watershed?
Is a land area where water from rain is collected, stored
and drained from a stream or river network to a common
outlet (main stream or river)

16. Why prioritize Mandulog River Basin?
 This was the area which rank the highest casualty
in all of the basins traversing Iligan city during TS
Sendong
 Most of Iligan city is inside the Mandulog River
Basin
 The downstream portion of the Mandulog River
Basin is heavily populated
 If left unmanaged, we expect growing
magnitude of flood for the following reasons:
 Narrow plains & steep relief
 Dominantly steep slopes
 Dwindling & misplaced forest cover

17. TYPHOON WASHI (SENDONG) – a result
of environmental degradation, conflict
& poor governance – exacerbating
poverty

18. The Logs and Uprooted Trees: shows
the state Forest and watershed of Iligan
7 Km stretch of logs in the coast
of Iligan after Typhoon Sendong

19. http://quovadisbayaws.blogspot.com/ Source: Indiwar Mamasapikir 12/19/11
Iligan City
dominated
by steep
relief
Iligan City Coast
characterized by
narrow coastal
plains & valleys

21. What are we to do?
 Master Planning
 Understand the socio-biophysical conditions of the basin w/c serve as the
basis for managing the basin towards sustainable development & disaster
mitigation
 We will be using a Participatory 3-Dimensional Mapping Model
 Integrate & harmonize different activities among different groups to come
up with a unified goal for sustainable development & disaster mitigation
 Organize a Council
 Because the basin include other upland LGUs
 This means we could not do master planning or worse properly mitigating
flood apart from their collaboration
 While flood structures may help in the short term but it will become obsolete when
there’s continuing degradation in the uplands
 Develop a Flood Prediction Model & Software System
 Establish a Payment for Environmental Services (PES) for
sustained management of the basin

25. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
 Come up with a Flood model
 Conduct research
 The Model needs to be programmed into a software
 Since disaster comes quickly, the flood prediction system
must be automated and fast if possible in a matter of seconds
 The Project Noah platform could be used but it does not
cover the whole framework; what we need is to interface and
integrate the flood model into the Project Noah so that in one
or few clicks the impacts and the solution to the impacts is
made available
 The software must have animation function for maximum
visualization
 The software must be user-friendly and web-based for wider
utility and accessibility
 It must be geo-coded to individual residents for it is friends &
relatives that we want to know if they have been affected

26. Rainfall
Socio-Bio-Physical
Conditions of the 6 (six)
Downstream River Basins
When Run-off is > River
Capacity of the Main River
No
No
Flooding
Demographic
Impact
Health
ImpactAbstraction Runoff
Yes ExtentDurationVolumeDebris
Flooding
Economic
Impact
Mitigation
Social
Services
Impact
Rehabilitation
&
Reconstruction
Medical &
Psychological
Treatment
Rescue &
Relief
Operation
Warning
&
Avoidance
Depth
Siltation

27. Research Component of the
Flood Prediction Software
 Rainfall studies
 Infiltration & Runoff studies
 Streamflow studies
 Sedimentation & Siltation studies
 Disaster Impact studies
 Disaster Response & Reconstruction
studies
 Programming

28. Concept of PES
 To pay people or groups for adopting practices that will help mitigate
natural disaster
 This includes :
 People or groups that protect and expand forest cover
 The River Basin Management Council
 Source of Fund
 Part of water rates e.g. Php 1/cu.m./subscriber
 Real Property Tax
 CSR of Industries & quarry operators
 P.01/kwh from NPC
 10% EXCISE TAX share
 REDD+
 Monitoring mode
 GPS as DTR for Forest Guards
 Real time & spatial monitoring via UAV

29. PES and Green
Governance
Way Forward to a
Secured and
Sustainable Future
Naawan Municipality
Experience

31. Small Agricultural Town
Land Area -
8,717 has.
Population –
18,895
No. of
Barangays –
10
Agricultural
4th Class
municipality

32. Degraded
Environment

33. Naawan Vulnerabilities to Disasters and Calamities

34. Below Desirable State of Local Development – CY
2012

35. Mix of Local Government Challenges
 Below
Desirable
Level of
Development
 Degraded
Environment
 Vulnerability
to Climate
Change
and Disasters

36.  Goals and Objectives
 Improve Ecosystem Services
 Reduce Poverty
 Adaptive and Resilient Communities to
Climate Change and Disasters
Identified Need To Be Done
Green Governance
Ridge to Reef
Approach

37. Green Governance
Pillar Programs
• Watershed
Management
• Coastal Zone
Management
• Green Governance
Institutional
Development
• Resource Mobilization
– Payment for
Ecosystem Services
– Grants and Aid
Major Projects
• Establishment of
Biodiversity Corridor
• Sustainable
Agriculture and
Agroforestry
• Ecological Solid
Waste Management
• Coastal Resources
Management

38. CHALLENGE
LIMITED LGU CAPACITY

39. Low Income and IRA Dependent
LGU-Naawan
 Locally Sourced
Revenues to Total
Income
 Computation:
 (Amount of locally
sourced
revenues/Total LGU
Income) x 100
 IRA dependency is
slightly higher
compared to
municipalities of the
same income class
and national
average

40. Locally Sourced Revenue Level
 Locally Sourced
Revenue Level
 Amount of Locally
Sourced Revenue
Higher than the
average of 4th
class municipalities
but lower than the
National Average
 Desired
Performance

41. LGU-Naawan PES
 SECTION 87. Development of Trust Fund for Watershed
and Reforestation. There shall be created a Trust Fund
for Watershed and Reforestation Program of the
municipality of Naawan to ensure sustainability of
water supply. The accumulated fund generated from
the One Peso per cubic meter (P1.00/cu.m) as “add
on” to the water bill by the Naawan Water System
Services Consumers as reflected in their monthly water
tariff bill shall accrue to the said Trust Fund and shall be
utilized for the said purpose.
 Average yearly collection of P350,000.00
 Household served – less than 2,000

42. Establish Partner’s and
Networks
 Tree
Planting of
more than
2 hectares
 Attended
by around
100
individuals
 Planting of
1,500
assorted
trees -
Molave,
Narra,
and Lawaan

43. Tips in PES – Naawan
Water System
Experience
 Improve services FIRST – Water System
 Good Social Marketing - Anchor arguments on
Solid Ground and Communicate it Well
 TIMING - Impose new or additional fees and
charges on the first and second year of the term
NOT on the 3RD year
 Institutionalize and NOT “POLITICISE” PES - Make
Offices as primarily accountable on PES
Implementation and Management Not Politicians
 Organize LGU PES Program Champion/s
 Make PES Program as CDP-ELA Pillar Program

44. Thank
You!
“Nothing in the world
is more flexible and
yielding than water.
Yet when it attacks
the firm and the
strong, none can
withstand it, because
they have no way to
change it. So the
flexible overcome the
adamant, the yielding
overcome the forceful.
Everyone knows this,
but no one can do it.”
Lao Tzu