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Magnetic and Gravity Methods for Geothermal Exploration Dr. Hendra Grandis Geophysics - ITB
Ql : existence of deep structure, i.e. intrusive body or caldera structures Qt : geometry of those above (the upper structure must be closely defined) high or low anomaly gravity (covers low and high magnetic areas) Ql : ascending thermal fluid  (and / or descending cold water) Qt : ? high or low  anomaly self-potential (across high and low resistivity areas) Ql : can be associated with thermal fluids upflow and outflow zones Qt : shallow resistivity structure low anomaly Schlumberger resistivity mapping and sounding (concentrated in the area between broad magnetic low and high) Ql : can be associated with thermally altered zones Qt : geometry (?) low anomaly Aero- or ground magnetic (covers a large area) interpretation expected anomaly method and survey procedure
Probable sequence of geophysical exploration methods used to investigate young volcanic geothermal prospect (revised from Sudarman, 1983) Ql : permeable zones Qt : ? high anomaly micro-seismics (M< 3) Ql : can be associated with thermal fluids upflow and outflow zones Qt : deeper resistivity structure low anomaly Magnetotelluric sounding  Ql : uprising or horisontal thermal fluid movement, if depth to resevoir is relatively shallow Qt : defined the upper structure high anomaly Thermal gradient and anomalous temperature (to figure out the cause of low resistivity layer) interpretation expected anomaly method and survey procedure
Magnetic Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aero-magnetic Survey
[object Object]
Ground-magnetic Survey
[object Object]
[object Object]
Typical magnetic anomaly at low latitudes
Anomaly detected in N-S traverse over E-W anomalous body
Reduction to Equator and Pole of Magnetic data ,[object Object],[object Object]
Spectral analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wavelength or frequency and anomaly’s depth
Spectral analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Radially averaged spectra and line-fitted segments
Softwares for magnetic data processing and modeling
[object Object]
Wairakei, NZ (Sungkono & Hochstein, 1995)
Gravity method g 1 g 2 g 3 distance g gravity data
Gravity Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Observed Gravity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gravity  Base Station ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Factors Affecting Observed Gravity ,[object Object]
Gravity  Anomaly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Gravity Data Processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
G r a v i t y   D a t a   P r o c e s s i n g ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gravity Correction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Gravity Correction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A MSL h
Gravity Correction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A MSL h
Gravity Correction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A M1 M2 MSL
Gravity Correction ,[object Object],[object Object],A M1 M2 MSL
Bouguer Anomaly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bouguer Anomaly ,[object Object],[object Object],A MSL h
Regional-Residual Anomaly Separation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Regional-Residual Anomaly Separation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Regional-Residual Anomaly Separation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Regional-Residual Anomaly Separation ,[object Object]
Regional-Residual Anomaly Separation ,[object Object]
Regional-Residual Anomaly Separation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spectral analysis ,[object Object]
Radially averaged spectra and line-fitted segments
Gravity Anomaly Interpretation ,[object Object],[object Object]
Gravity Modeling ,[object Object],[object Object]
Gravity survey over  a sedimentary basin
2-D gravity modeling of sedimentary basin data model
Karaha-Telaga Bodas
The Karaha-Telaga Bodas  Geothermal System,  Indonesia  (Raharjo et al., 2002) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Karaha-Telaga Bodas  Geothermal System,  Indonesia  (Raharjo et al., 2002) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Geotermal 1

  • 1. Magnetic and Gravity Methods for Geothermal Exploration Dr. Hendra Grandis Geophysics - ITB
  • 2. Ql : existence of deep structure, i.e. intrusive body or caldera structures Qt : geometry of those above (the upper structure must be closely defined) high or low anomaly gravity (covers low and high magnetic areas) Ql : ascending thermal fluid (and / or descending cold water) Qt : ? high or low anomaly self-potential (across high and low resistivity areas) Ql : can be associated with thermal fluids upflow and outflow zones Qt : shallow resistivity structure low anomaly Schlumberger resistivity mapping and sounding (concentrated in the area between broad magnetic low and high) Ql : can be associated with thermally altered zones Qt : geometry (?) low anomaly Aero- or ground magnetic (covers a large area) interpretation expected anomaly method and survey procedure
  • 3. Probable sequence of geophysical exploration methods used to investigate young volcanic geothermal prospect (revised from Sudarman, 1983) Ql : permeable zones Qt : ? high anomaly micro-seismics (M< 3) Ql : can be associated with thermal fluids upflow and outflow zones Qt : deeper resistivity structure low anomaly Magnetotelluric sounding Ql : uprising or horisontal thermal fluid movement, if depth to resevoir is relatively shallow Qt : defined the upper structure high anomaly Thermal gradient and anomalous temperature (to figure out the cause of low resistivity layer) interpretation expected anomaly method and survey procedure
  • 4.
  • 6.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Typical magnetic anomaly at low latitudes
  • 11. Anomaly detected in N-S traverse over E-W anomalous body
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Wavelength or frequency and anomaly’s depth
  • 15.
  • 16. Radially averaged spectra and line-fitted segments
  • 17. Softwares for magnetic data processing and modeling
  • 18.
  • 19. Wairakei, NZ (Sungkono & Hochstein, 1995)
  • 20. Gravity method g 1 g 2 g 3 distance g gravity data
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.  
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.  
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. Radially averaged spectra and line-fitted segments
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47. Gravity survey over a sedimentary basin
  • 48. 2-D gravity modeling of sedimentary basin data model
  • 50.
  • 51.

Editor's Notes

  1. The gravity data generally follow the trend of topography. The most prominent feature is the presence of a large elliptical high located about 2 km southeast of the lake, modeled by Tripp et al. (2002), suggested it represent shallow granodiorite.
  2. The gravity data generally follow the trend of topography. The most prominent feature is the presence of a large elliptical high located about 2 km southeast of the lake, modeled by Tripp et al. (2002), suggested it represent shallow granodiorite.