1. Warm up 2/2/2015 Monday
Use the chart above to answer the following questions:
1. Which taxonomic groups do these organisms share?
2. At which taxonomic groups do Dog and Human diverge?
3. According to the chart which taxonomic group is the
most general?
4. Which two organisms are the most closely related?
5. Vocabulary
Which term means one-celled? Many-celled?
multicellular
unicellular
Which term means that the organism produces its own
food? Consumes food?
autotroph
heterotroph
6. Number of cells
Multicellular- organisms made of two or more
cells.
Example: animal, plants, fungi
Unicellular- organism made of single cell
Example: bacteria, protist
7. Vocabulary
Prokaryotic – describes an organism
with cells that have a cell membrane
but do NOT have a nucleus
Eukaryotic – describes an organism
with cells that have a membrane
bound organelles and a nucleus
(nuclear membrane)
8. Vocabulary
Autotrophic – makes
its own food
Examples:
photoautotrophs,
chemoautotrophs
Heterotrophic – gets
nutrients from the
food it consumes
9. List of the Three Domains and
the Six Kingdoms
1. Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
2. Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
3. Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia
10. Environment per kingdom
(niche)
Archaebacteria- extreme environment
Eubacteria- everywhere in daily life (humans
large intestine)
Protista- Pond water, land, air
Fungi-trees, ground
Plantae-everywhere (land and water)
Animalia – everywhere (land, air, water)
11.
12. Kingdom and Domain Characteristics
Domain Kingdom Characteristics
Cell type
Cell
Structure
Body Type Nutrition Example
Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryotic
Cell Wall,
Peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotrophic
and
Heterotrophic
Enterobacteria
Spirochetes
Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryotic
Cell Wall,
No
Peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotrophic
and
Heterotrophic
Methanogens
Eukarya Protista Eukaryotic Mixed
Unicellular
and
Multicellular
Autotrophic
and
Heterotrophic
Amoebas
Euglenas
Kelps
Eukarya Fungi Eukaryotic
Cell Wall,
Chitin
Unicellular
and
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Eukarya Plantae Eukaryotic
Cell Wall,
Cellulose
Multicellular Autotrophic
Ferns
Pine trees
Eukarya Animalia Eukaryotic No Cell Wall Multicellular Heterotrophic
Birds
Earthworms
13. Kingdom Eubacteria
Bacteria can live in many places on earth, inhabiting a
wide variety of habitats, including other organisms
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Thick cells walls with peptidoglycan
15. Kingdom Eubacteria
Bacteria can cause a wide variety of diseases,
such as strep throat, food poisoning and the
Black Death (bubonic plague of the Middle Ages)
16. Kingdom Eubacteria
Bacteria also play an
important role in
decomposition,
nitrogen fixation and
human digestion (E.
coli)
Soybean root containing
billions of bacteria
18. Kingdom Eubacteria
Bacteria from an
Nitrifying Trickle Filter
(NTF) stained with
acridene orange. The
stain makes
DNA appear yellow
and
RNA appear orange.
19. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Bacteria that live in extreme habitats, such as hot
springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black
smokers
Unicellular
Prokaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
20. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors
from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water.
22. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria can
live deep in the ocean
near geothermal
vents called black
smokers
There is no light, so
they carry out
chemosynthesis
instead of
photosynthesis
23. Kingdom Protista
Extremely diverse group
Eukaryotic
Most unicellular, some colonial, some multicellular
Autotrophic and heterotrophic
Some with cell walls containing cellulose; some carry
out photosynthesis with chloroplasts
24. Kingdom Protista
Volvox – a colonial protist
Euglena - autotrophic
A slime mold
Amoeba - heterotrophic
32. Linnaeus developed the scientific
naming system still used today.
Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms.
• A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system.
White oak:
Quercus alba
33. Binomial nomenclature is a system of giving two names for organisms.
– uses Latin words
– scientific names always written in italics
– two parts are the genus name and species descriptor
34. • A genus includes one or more physically similar species.
– Species in the same genus are thought to be closely
related.
– Genus name is always capitalized.
• A species descriptor is the second part of a scientific name.
– always lowercase
– always follows genus
name; never written alone
Tyto alba
35. Linnaeus’ classification system has
seven levels.
Each level is
included in the level
above it.
• Levels get
increasingly
specific from
kingdom to
species.
37. Classification is always a work in
progress.
The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Animalia and Plantae
Animalia
Plantae
38. Classification is always a work in
progress.
The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Animalia and Plantae
– 1866: all single-celled
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
Animalia
Protista
Plantae
39. Classification is always a work in
progress.
The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Animalia and Plantae
– 1938: prokaryotes moved
to kingdom Monera
– 1866: all single-celled
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
Animalia
Protista
Plantae
Monera
40. The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Animalia and Plantae
Classification is always a work in
progress.
– 1938: prokaryotes moved
to kingdom Monera
– 1866: all single-celled
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
Monera
– 1959: fungi moved to
own kingdom
Fungi
Protista
Plantae
Animalia
41. The tree of life shows our most current understanding.
New discoveries can lead to changes in classification.
Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Animalia and Plantae
Classification is always a work in
progress.
– 1938: prokaryotes moved
to kingdom Monera
– 1866: all single-celled
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
– 1959: fungi moved to
own kingdom
– 1977: kingdom Monera
split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea
Animalia
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Archea
Bacteria
42. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that have a
prokaryotic cell structure?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
43. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are mostly
unicellular and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
44. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that have a cell
wall made of chitin?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
45. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are
multicellular and reproduce sexually?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
46. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are
responsible for causing diseases such as cholera and
typhoid?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
47. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are found in
both aquatic and terrestrial habitats?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
48. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are used in
the production of bread, wine, and cheese?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
49. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are
responsible for the decomposition of dead organisms?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
50. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are
photosynthetic and produce their own food?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
51. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are
multicellular and have a tissue organization?
1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Animalia
5. Plantae
53. What is the hierarchical system of classifying living
things?
The hierarchical system of classifying living things is
called taxonomy. It is a system of grouping organisms
based on their characteristics.
What are the three domains of life?
The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and
Eukarya.
What are the six kingdoms of life?
The six kingdoms of life are Bacteria, Archaea,
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
54. What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes are organisms that do not have a nucleus
or other membrane-bound organelles.
What are the characteristics of eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are organisms that have a nucleus and
other membrane-bound organelles.
What are the characteristics of animals?
Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that
can move.
What are the characteristics of plants?
Plants are multicellular, photosynthetic organisms that
cannot move.
What are the characteristics of fungi?
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants
nor animals. They are heterotrophic and absorb
nutrients from their environment.
55. What are the characteristics of protists?
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that
do not fit into any of the other three domains. They can
be unicellular or multicellular.
What are the characteristics of archaea?
Archaea are prokaryotic organisms that are found in
extreme environments. They are not closely related to
bacteria.