The document discusses labeling theory, which proposes that officially labeling individuals as criminals can increase future criminal behavior. Labeling theory developed in the 1960s and questions the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. It argues that attaching criminal labels leads individuals to take on that identity and adjust their behavior accordingly. Studies have found support for labeling theory, showing higher recidivism rates for those officially labeled compared to those not labeled. The theory has influenced policies aimed at reintegrating offenders and avoiding attaching criminal labels when possible.