3. INTRODUCTION
• Water is essential for the survival of any
form of life.
• India receives about 1400-1800 mm of
rainfall annually.
• It is estimated that 96% of this used for
agriculture , 3% for domestic use and 1% is for
industrial activity.
4. WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION?
water pollution is the contamination of water
bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
groundwater), very often by human activities. It
occurs when pollutants (particles, chemicals or
substances that make water contaminated) are
discharged directly or indirectly into water
bodies without enough treatment to get rid of
harmful compounds.
5.
6. KINDS OF WATER POLLUTION
• Nutrients pollution
• Surface water pollution
• Oxygen depleting
• Ground water pollution
• Microbiological
• Suspended matter
• Chemical water pollution
• Oil spillage
7. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
There are various classifications of water
pollution . The two chief sources of water
pollution can be seen as point and non-point.
8. 1. Point sources pollution
Point sources pollution refers to
contaminants that enter a waterway a discrete
conveyance , such as a pipe or ditch.
examples-
• discharges form a sewage treatment plant, a
factory.
• a city storm drain.
9. 2. non- point sources pollution
Non point source(NPS) pollution refers to
diffuse contamination that does not originate
from a single discrete source.
NPS pollution is often accumulative effect of
small amount of contaminants gathered from a
large area.
The leaching out of nitrogen compounds from
agriculture land which has been fertilized is a
typical example.
10. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON
PLANTS
• May disrupt photosynthesis in aquatic plants
and thus affecting ecosystems that depend on
these plants.
• Terrestrial and aquatic plants may absorb
pollutants from water(as their main nutrient
source) and pass them up the food chain to
consumer animals and humans.
• Plants may be killed by too much sodium
chloride(ordinary salt) in water.
11. • Plants may be killed by mud from
construction sites as well as bits of wood and
leaves, clay and other similar materials.
• Plants may be killed by herbicides in water,
herbicides are chemicals which are most
harmful to plants.
12. EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEM
• Ecosystems can be severely affected or damaged
by water pollution.
• Contamination of groundwater from pesticides
causes damage to the reproductive system in the
wildlife ecosystem.
• Water pollution kills life that inhabits the water
based ecosystem, disrupting the natural food
chain.
• The non-biodegradable pesticides and chemicals
causes mass destruction of aquatic life.
13. SOLUTIONS
• Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure
or compost instead of commercial inorganic
fertilizer.
• Minimize your use of pesticides.
• Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a
body of water.
• Grow or buy organic foods.
• Compost your food wastes.
14. Do not drink bottled water unless tests
show that your tap water is contaminated.
Marely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap
water.
Do not use water fresheners in toilets.
Do not flush unwanted medicines down
the toilet.
15. REFERENCES
A Textbook of Environmental chemistry and
Pollution Control – S.S. DHARA AND
S.S CHAND
