Design Standards And Design Languages And Their Impact On...

Design Standards And Design Languages And Their Impact On...
Introduction Design is subjective. There is no question or counter–argument to dispute that claim,
people naturally like good design. While it may seem drastic to assume that design is something that
requires immense skill, it's important to know that design encompasses everything that the average
person will do in their life. When it comes to software, design can make or break the success of a
product. Defining what design is and citing examples from important software designers is the first
step to expound why design is so important to modern society. Next, highlighting design standards
and design languages and their impact on the world of design is just as important as describing the
process designers use to amalgamate digital physics and interaction, in order to engender users with
a sense of alluring delight. After that, defining the basic ideas and processes behind designing, from
concept to working "golden" release, are also required to introduce users to the importance of
design. In order to help explain various design experiences and concepts, such as using design
everyday or as a tool, it can be important to look at a few design languages (in–depth guidelines on
software physics, motion, and design). Search Story In my opinion, design is one of the most
important parts of human interaction within both our physical and digital worlds. Anyone can make
something, but improving and constantly reiterating are important factors, necessary to improve user
engagement and
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Design Thinking And The Design Essay
ideas and the design students are encouraged to keep personal blogs such as Tumblr and WordPress
as it is a great way of receiving feedback and a great way of development. On the other hand,
through share inspiration it allows the individuals to get started with some ideas.[6] From all these
sources, developing a broader understanding, how things have transformed. Design thinking has
become a way of problem solving for a wide range of companies. Tim Brown, CEO and President
of IDEO, "Design thinking is a human–centred approach to innovation that draws from the
designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the
requirements for business success." [1] Understanding the brief is significant as this is what makes
the project successful as a lack of research on the brief can lead to errors. A good brief will clearly
show the project aims, requirements, time scales, budget and, increasingly the criteria. Market
research is generally completed as it refers to the systematic planning, gathering analysis of
information about a product or a service. It's one of the main components of design research.
According to, Jamie Steane he suggests design students who are unfamiliar they should visit places
as it is a good place to start to get familiar with the tools. On the other hand, the book called 'Wicked
Problems in Design Thinking: The MT' written by Richard Buchanan. Design thinking continues to
develop its meaning. There is a limit of

A Design Process
A design process is more experimental rather than technical, the insights that are reflected in the
journey of design or research leads to transformations in the behavior of the practitioner. The
possibility of outcome can be influenced either in positive or negative ways as it generally develops
from the current issues in the society. This affects the whole process and choices a designer make, it
can be related in terms of cultural, economical, global, political or environmental issues they can be
considered as the contemporary influence.
The main scope of this project is to reposition NHS towards patient centered care, which involves
designing as per people's needs and services in the present society. Organizations like NHS work for
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For children, the promise of health and successful personal development lies where they, and their
parents, can be meaningfully engaged with one another and with other families for mutual benefit. A
child who is not being stimulated by being played with, and who has very few opportunities to
explore things within their surroundings may fail to link up fully and this may lead to neural
connections and pathways which are required for lateral thinking (Sutton–Smith, 1997).
Children are motivated to engage in active play because they perceived it to be enjoyable, to prevent
boredom, to have physical and mental health benefits and to provide freedom from adult control,
rules and structure. However, children's active play can be constrained by a number of factors,
including weather. Some features of the physical environment facilitated children's active play,
including the presence of green spaces and cul–de–sacs in the neighbourhoods (Brockman and
colleagues, 2011). Physically active play can make unique contributions to children's development
which cannot be obtained from more structured forms of physical activity.
Vince Lombardi says, "Practice does not make things perfect" and "Only perfect practice makes it
perfect" explains that any practice should have an ideal way of doing

Graphic Design And Interface Design
As we all know, the roles of design are satisfying daily needs of people as well as improving the
quality of their lives. Not only that, design, as a part of the arts industries, also need aesthetic
judgment. That is why visual designer came up. In this essay, I will contrast graphic design with
interface design , compare them in three different ways including historical technological and
conceptual development and discuss the connection as well as development potential of them. In
any case, the development trend of two kinds of design industries is inseparable. And throughout all
of the contemporary design styles, I prefer flat design.
If we contrast graphic design and interface differently, we can consider the biggest difference is that
graphic design can allow convey a little abstract , which is brand oriented, while interface design is
totally customer oriented. Although the function of both of them is communicate information. For
instance, here is a picture of Soviet poster called Beat the whites with Red wedge (El Lissitzky,
1920).
This poster is a good example of using symbols. It simplify the composition and structure to become
geometric–abstractive–colorful formal elements, which is make sure that the poster will have
intensive aesthetic feeling and visual impact. But imagine that, what will happen if designer use
abstract symbol on website index? The answer is user did not know the meaning of symbols and
they could not browse the website commendably. Here is a

Architecture And Design: Eileen Gray's Approach To Design
In this essay the architect and or designer I will be writing about is Eileen Gray. The main aspects
that will be discussed are her approach to design and her philosophies related to it, how she uses
form, ornamentation, structure and materials in regards to her furniture and architectural designs.
Also considered will be how she uses spacial organisation within her buildings, the use of light and
the minimalistic style she so favoured for her buildings designs. The following designs will be
mentioned briefly, discussed in detail and analysed in this essay: the bibendum chair, the Lotus
Table, apartment E–1027, the E–1027 table and Tempe à Pailla.
Eileen Gray, originally born Kathleen Eileen Moray Gray on the 9th of august, 1878, was an Irish ...
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This is also true of her own home, Tempe à Pailla, which was another of her designs that became a
major symbol of modernist architecture. She designed her home around her living and working
needs, an example of form follows function, with multi–functional furniture to suit any changes in
her life that she felt like or needed to make. She also incorporated unique ways that she could
control the lighting in each room to her personal needs. Gray appreciated her privacy immensely,
although her home featured multiple balconies to take advantage of various views surrounding it,
and she placed a lot of her more private rooms towards the back of her

Detailed Design Process
Design
Preliminary Design Model [Placeholder]
Tradeoff Approach Though an ultimate and extravagant system is desired for Kudler Fine Foods'
Frequent Shopper Program, it is likely that some tradeoffs will have to be made to ensure that the
project remains feasible for the company. In designing the Frequent Shopper Program for Kudler
Fine Foods, it is important to consider certain tradeoffs of the project, in terms of costs, the schedule
of the project, and the performance of the system, regardless of which approach is chosen
(University of Phoenix, 2012). However, each approach that could be used for the system's design
must include mandatory requirements and comply with all laws, regulations, and guidelines for
financial information, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* The Encinita store will be equipped with a network server. * The three locations will need to
upgrade their 56k modems to DSL, Cable, or T1 connections, in order for the new program to work
effectively. * There program will require a centralized database rather than having data stored at
each location, so that customer data can be compiled and verified. This will eliminate the
duplication of work. * The provision of barcoded program cards that will allow for the tracking of
items purchased and program points at the POS system and online.
Diagram 1
(Apollo Group, 2011i). Retrieved December 8, 2012, from:
https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/networks–lajolla.asp
Diagram 2
(Apollo Group, 2011j). Retrieved December 8, 2012, from:
https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/networks–encinitas.asp
Networks. The network is a key stakeholder within the design process. The purpose of any network
is to ensure that information gets from one point to another, securely. A primary server, among POS
devices, and access to external networks, are essential in this setup.
The Novell 4.11 server is a bit dated and the overall implementation has several issues. In

Organizational Design Of An Organization
Organizational design identifies through various steps and if there are any flawed aspects to the
structure, procedures, workflow or technical systems. Once the flaws have been identified in an
organization a plan is developed and then implemented to ensure that the new objectives are met.
This week's assignment required a review and analysis of the article, Dr. Gayle Brings Collaboration
to Care. Also, student were asked to identify the methodology used and to offer suggestions. The
role that differential and integration will play in the organizational redesign of Care is one that Dr.
Gayle felt would be better served by reverting back to Care's past mission statement (Quote txtbk).
Dr. Gayle's reasoning for reverting to the past mission is because of the fact that the various officers
were operating under the guise of autonomy and not acknowledging the company's mission as one
mission. Therefore, implementing the old differentiation and integration approach allows for all
departmental functions to become centralized manner operating the company in a centralized
capacity allows for a single report authority. Which simply means that all information from various
departments flows into one central department, which are usually set–up in the manner of one Home
Office in an organization. If the writer were to offer a suggestions to Dr. Gaul in regard to the new
organizational redesign of Care, it would be to allow each country to develop a team which will
collect

Equine Center Design
Throughout the entire design process of the Phoenix Center, Studio 6 has designed along the lines of
incorporating the concept of split yet connected. Each structure works as a whole to meet the
functions mentioned in the program, but in certain areas, the overall structure splits to form separate
spaces. The equine center, clinic, treehouse, cabin, bathhouse, as well as the pavilion all have a
sense of separate yet connected to allow for a sense of continuity throughout the site's design. At the
beginning of the design process for the equine center, we went with a more noticeable split yet
connected element. As the design process evolved and changes were made, the separation of the
elements gradually decreased. Each design still emphasized ... Show more content on
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The connection of the arena and the round pin to the barn, was a challenge we encountered. After
doing research, we came together and decided to incorporate a colorful walkway that compliments
the aesthetics as well as making the building more appealing to the clients. While the equine center
has the colorful walkway, the clinic and the bath house have a louver system along the exterior
facade. This louver system will allow the clients to interact with the building, as well as being in
control of the environment that is around them. The thought of physically being able to move the
louvers grants the client the option to leave their mark on the building. The design of the clinic is
three separate parts that all connect at the corners. This design is connected together at the center
with an interactive outdoor corridor. Underneath the overhang for the outdoor corridor are stepping
stones that have the option for children to have their own specific stepping stones that are different
from an adults. On the clinic, Studio 6 incorporated a sense of biophilia by using a small creek,
flowing from the exterior of the structure into the courtyard. This small element brings an overall
relaxing sense to the clients and increases one's chance of overcoming the trauma they have been
through. Along with the creek, we emphasized on the

Design for Manufacturability
Design For Manufacturability Abstract This paper explores design for manufacturability using
several scholarly journal articles and books from different sources and industries. It starts by
examining the definition of design for manufacturability as it pertains to managers of supply chains.
The paper then discusses a fundamental topic that provides a foundation for learning design for
manufacturability: the principles of design. The next section of this paper outlines the benefits that
design for manufacturability has if a company chooses to implement it into their operations.
Following the benefits of design for manufacturability are several key guidelines that will give a
company the best chance for success while using design for ... Show more content on
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The solution of one problem most likely will not result in total success for the entire project, as it is
a part of a system. The fifth principle is the limited–information principle. "The traditional problem
solving approach is to bring in a consultant who is an expert in supposedly similar problems or to
become an expert in the problem yourself by delving into past problems that seem familiar."
(McClure, 1999) Information should be limited so that, like traditional problem solving, it is not
time consuming and cluttered with useless information. The people–to–people principle is the sixth
principle suggested by Nadler. Anyone that has to do with any area of the problem needs to feel that
they are included in implementing a solution. The final principle discussed is the betermant timeline
principle. The familiar phrase "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" can only be used for the short term. Over
time, everything wears out eventually due to change in external and internal factors. Solutions to
problems should be monitored to help track change and evaluate improvement. (McClure, 1999)
Requirements Before Pursuing Design for Manufacturability After learning about these principles to
design, one can now start to understand design for manufacturability and its effects on the design
and manufacturing process. While keeping in mind that design for manufacturability creates the
reduction of

Design and T/r
Summer 2011 Course Offerings 5/2/2011 AUDIO & ANIMATION & VISUAL EFFECTS Course #
AP1400 AP1410 AP1420 AP1430 AP1440 AP1460 CA1400 CA1409 CA1410 CA2413 CA2425
CA2429 CA2430 CA2430 CA3431 CA2432 CA2440 CA2440 CA3449 CA3460 CA3470 CA3479
CA4461 GE1456 IM2480 PA4483 PA4484 VE1409 VE2450 VE2486 VE3457 VE3465 VE3477
VE3486 VE4473 Course Name Survey of the Music Industry Audio Technology I Digital Audio I
Music Theory I Audio Technology II Digital Audio II Production Fundamentals History and Trends
in Animation Storyboarding and Animatics Acting for Animators Intro to 2D Animation
Introduction to 3D Modeling Introduction to Video Introduction to Video Audio Production
Character/Object Design Digital Video Editing Digital Video Editing ... Show more content on
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Tech. Fundamentals of Class. Tech. American Cuisine American Cuisine Intro to Baking/Pastry
Intro to Baking/Pastry Intro to Baking/Pastry Asian Cuisine Asian Cuisine Latin Cuisine Latin
Cuisine World Cuisine World Cuisine Classical European Cuisine Management/Supervision
Management/Supervision Management/Supervision Management/Supervision Management By
Menu Management By Menu Sust. Purch. And Control Cost Sust. Purch. And Control Cost Food
and Beverage Ops Food and Beverage Ops Garde Manager Ala Carte Kitchen Ala Carte Kitchen
Catering and Event Mgmnt Art Culinaire Senior Practicum Front Office Management Institutional
Operations Risk Management Hospitality Accounting Capstone Management Internship Section
Prerequisites C1 C2 C3 C4 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C2 C1 C2 C3 C4 C1 C2 C3 C2 C1 C1 C2 C1 C2 C1
C2 C1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C1 C2 C1 C2 C2 C1 C1 C1 C2 C1 C1 C1 H1 H1 H1 H1 C1 C1 Days MT WR
FS WR S WR FS WR MT WR MT WR FS WR WR MT FS MT MT M F R R T F W W M F T T F
W R R W MT MTW MTW F F R M W T R R S Start Time 7:00 AM 7:00 AM 7:00 AM 5:00 PM
TBA 7:00 AM 12:15 PM 12:15 PM 12:15 PM 5:30 PM 8:00 AM 8:00 AM 8:00 AM 6:00 PM 1:00
PM 5:30 PM 7:00 AM 5:30 PM 7:00 AM 1:00 PM 1:00 PM 12:00 PM 5:15 PM 1:00 PM 6:15 PM
5:15 PM 1:00 PM 6:00 PM 1:00 PM 8:00 AM 6:00 PM 8:00 AM 6:00 PM 1:00 PM 6:00 PM 3:00
PM 6:00 PM 9:00 AM 9:00 AM 6:00 PM 12:00 PM 5:00 PM 8:00 AM 6:00 PM 1:00 PM 8:00 AM
1:00 PM N/A End Time 8:00 AM 8:00 AM 8:00 AM 6:00 PM TBA 12:00 PM 5:15 PM 5:15 PM
5:15 PM 10:30 PM 1:00 PM

Design And Design Of Design History
Design plays a significant role in people lives. Design contains a range of areas such as:
architecture, landscape, fashion and graphic etc. Judging from the large number of exhibition,
museum and modern building appears in recent year that people seems to put more emphasis on
their visual artistic effect and design. Margolin (1992, P105) said, "The importance of design history
has also been increasingly recognized by design professionals". This means design history is
necessary for contemporary designers to study early and use the knowledge to their works.
Understanding design history may help designers cultivate the development of actual methods and
the ideas may help them to deal with the issues from design (Meirelles & isable, 2013). Design
history is a process of continuous evolution. Contemporary designers get new and creativity ideas
based on the historical link between present and past. They create their own design not only through
the reference of history but also according to the design principles and technical research as well.
Design history could help contemporary designers getting to the next level due to the artistic
appreciation and conceptual be improved. This essay will investigate three different reasons of the
significance of design history, which is direct references or borrowing the ideas, know the
significance relationships between design and the cultural or religious and be able to have the design
concept of sustainable development. It will also

Reflection On Design And Design
There is a reoccurring theme I took from all the readings in this course, and that is that there is more
to engineering than just designing. You have to look at every project you have from all perspectives,
and it is very important for you to take all things into account. I chose this Systems analysis diagram
because it was a good way for me to group certain main ideas into three main categories of thought.
Thinking ethically, thinking before you act, and viewing your projects as a two–way street are all
very important when working on in the engineering field.
Thinking ethically has been widely discussed in this course. There are many conceptions of what
defines ethics, but I think ultimately it means the greater good for all. In Catalano's Engineering
Ethics: Peace, Justice, and the Earth, he states that in order to be ethical, you must think Morally
Deep. He writes, "A living being is best thought of not as a thing of some sort, but as a living
system, an ongoing life–process." (Catalano, 2006). I have referenced this many times this semester
because I think it is a crucial to expanding your idea of all things to be considered. With a morally
deep approach, it forces you to consider all "living beings" which are ongoing life processes not just
breathing organisms. By other life processes it means things in the environment like trees. While
trees may not be breathing, they still have their own lifespan and therefore are a life process.
Defining all the other aspects

Examples Of Empathy In Design
Empathy in design is normally a user–centered approach that pays attention to the user's feelings
toward a product. It is quite amazing the way some individuals in society always empathize but do
not notice. We often hear people say "if you were in my shoes," sometimes also "How can you sleep
at night with all that," these are all phrases that depict empathy, most people do this uncomfortably.
Also, most have us have seen movies that made us cry or be extremely happy, for me the last movie
that made me cry was SouthPaw. Crying because of a scene from a movie is just as a result of one
thing, empathy, you were so into the movie that the sentiments the movie was emitting was in sync
with your feelings, as a result you cried. Looking at these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is good since with such a method there is a certain way to satisfy the customer already, hence
before another function is assigned to the design, the solution to the problem will be solved. In my
opinion, I think such a combination stifles good design, since most of the people involved in the
expertise aspect tend to just know about their jobs, hence they'd approach such jobs without
creativity but just the solution.
–Innovation (Spectacular Inventions)
The process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which
customers will pay. This is synonymous to creativity, it's just that with this, bold steps are taken to
try the impossible and still make a difference. This may result in good design by using less. On the
part of innovativeness, empathy serves as a "forward" for innovativeness, as long as you think of
others, you'd be on the right track to being innovative and solving the problems of society with good
design, since to some extent good design solves the problems of society.
–Talent and Know

Design Management Design Of A Functional Work Essay
Name:
Instructor:
Course:
Date
Design Management
Design management is cross–functional work that has become very important in today's highly
competitive environment. Management design is among the key strategic activity in many
organisations and makes a foundation on which organisation's operations are built, including the
very important activities such as managerial hierarchies and grouping of the workers. Management
design shows business leadership structure setting forth lines of authority and the reporting line in
the business. Such a design is very important because it enables stakeholders to understand their role
in the organisation. A well–designed leadership structure helps to curb leadership wrangles which
can adversely affect the running of the organisation. Without clear management design, employees
are likely to get misguided or confused. To avoid such mistakes, it is very important to develop an
effective management design that guides. In addition, it is only through a very effective
management design that an organisation develops a culture recognised by the executive,
management, and the employees. Management design put in place by a company can have long
lasting effects on the company's culture. For example, creating managerial hierarchy and grouping
of employees in different departments significantly affects how the employees interact with each
other which can form a part of organisation's culture. Managerial design can dictate the employees
who solve

Fashion Design
Jarrett Evans
Mrs. Johnson
English III – P.7
14 May 2013
Dripping Swag My research paper is over the career of Fashion Design. I chose this topic, because I
have always had a desire to one day have my own clothing line and see other people support me by
wearing my creations. Also because I like to mix different articles of clothing and create my own
unique style to go out and express to the world. This paper will highlight the details about a fashion
designer, like what type of education you need, skills required, the work environment, and their
salaries. Fashion Design is a career where people express and use their creative ideas to create the
best clothing on the market. For many of years the practice of changing the style ... Show more
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Designers put so much work into their clothing. But most people don't even recognize how much
detail or even what kind of material the designer uses to create the article. Often time's people just
buy a certain piece of clothing because it's what everybody else is wearing and it's the new fad, they
really don't respect the time and effort the designer has put into the design, even more so they buy
them just for the label associated with the article of the clothing. All these things you have to
understand and try to master to become successful.
Fashion Designing is a very cutthroat and limited job, so there isn't much room for new designers to
get hired. One article states that, "The fashion design world is highly competitive, so it's somewhat
difficult, though certainly not impossible, to break into the field. In general, there are more aspiring
fashion designers than there are available jobs in the field". (Vogt, Peter. "Fashion Designer.").
Employment rates are not very high, so you have to be on top of your game. According to (Vogt.
Peter "fashion Design") about 17,000 people worked as Fashion Designers in the United States in
2004, and now today approximately 22,700 fashion designers are employed in the United States.
("Fashion Designers"). So there is not much change in the employment rate over the years.
A person who is willing to work day in and day night and work countless

Comparison Of Plastic Design: Methods Of RCC Design
Page Title: Methods of RCC Design | Comparison of Working Stress Method and Limit State
Method | Design Example for WSM & LSM
Keywords: RCC Design , Methods of RCC designing , WSM , LSM , Diff. b/w WSM & LSM ,
Working Stress Method , Limit State Method , Example of WSM , Example of LSM , Elastic
Design , Plastic Design
Methods of RCC Design:
RCC Structural Elements are designed by two methods,
Working Stress Method (WSM)
Limit State Method (LSM)
Working Stress method is the old way of designing , In present era structures are generally designed
using Limit State Method. In WSM concrete is considered as elastic whereas in LSM concrete is
generally assumed as plastic.
Difference b/w WSM & LSM:
As discussed above there are two different methods ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
= 20 mm
Bar Nos. = 985.5 / (pi()/4*20^2) = 3.13 = 4 (say)
Bottom Reinforcement = 4 # 20 mm Dia. Bar
For Top Reinf.(Tie Bars) Ast = (35/100)* (pi()/4*20^2)*4 = 439.82 mm2
Bar Dia. = 12 mm
Bar No. = 439.82 / (pi()/4*12^2) = 3.13 = 4 (say)
Top Reinforcement = Provide 4#12 mm Dia. Bar
Design Example of Structural Member (Beam) by LSM:
Given Data :
Breadth of the Beam = 300 mm
B.M = 200 KN/m
Factored B.M. = 1.5 * 200 = 300 KN/m fck = M20 fy = Fe415
Solution :
Ultimate Moment of Resistance (Mu lim) = 0.138*fck*b*d^2
Mu lim ≥ 300 KN/m
0.138 * (20) * (300) *d^2 ≥ 300 *10^6 d ≥ 601.93 mm
Design of Beam Depth :
For M20 & Fe415 , Sigma_cbc = 7 N/mm2
Let us assume, Overall Depth D = 550 mm

Clear Cover = 25 mm
Assume , Dia. of Bar = 20 mm Stirrups Dia. = 8 mm
D = 601.93 + 25 + 8 + 1/2 *20 = 644.93 mm
Provided , D = 650 mm
Eff. Depth of Beam(d) = 650 – 25 – 8 – 1/2 * 20 = 607 mm
Thus Section provide is 300 x 650 mm.
Reinforcement : pt / 100 = Ast / bd = 0.5 * fck / fy *(1 – sqrt(1–4.5*M/(b*d^2)/fck))
= 0.5 * 20 / 415 *( 1– sqrt ( 1– 4.5 * 300 * 10^6 / 300 * 607^2*20)
= 0.93 %
Ast = 0.93 * b * d/100 = 0.93 * 300 * 607 /100 = 1696.99 mm2
Bar Dia . = 20 mm
Bar Nos. = 1696.99/(pi()/4*20^2) = 5.4 ≈ 6

Design Nosql Systems For Data Persisence And...
Introduction
This report basically describes the process of design NoSQL systems for data persisence and
implementation of design and the solution of tasks that we are required. The dataset we worked with
is a music dataset from lastfm and the designs for MongoDB, HBase and Neo4j are based on the
dataset features and given queries. The implementation includes creating databases, setting up the
schema and running queries, followed by testing the performance. There are also iteration designs
for each system in order to gain higher performance.
The report contains five sections. A brief introduciton is showing here and each system has two
sections to demonstrate the schema and query design. At the end of the report, a section for ... Show
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Figure 2. Schema design for solving queries (Schema2)
Schema2 is consist of three collections : "UserArtistInfo", "Friends", and "Artist". "UserArtistInfo"
collection has fields of UserID, ArtistID, ArtistName, Weight, Tag YN, TagId, TagValue,
TimeStamp and does not structured as a embedded document. Like a RDBMS, each row has
independent information of a user – artist – weight – tag which is easier to update and read. "Artist"
collection is set aside due to its rare usage. "Friends" collection is also created separately to be
linked (joined) when it needs to be.
The data structure of schema 1 and schema 2 are same as below Figure3.
Figure 1. Data structure for schema 1 and 2
Query Design
The given 8 queries can be distinctively divided into two parts: one needs a join function with 2
collections, while another needs not. As query 1, 7, 8 requires user – friends relationship, it needs
join function executed by join aggregation commands ($lookup). On the other hand, the other
queries (2,3,4,5,6) can be carried out by using only "UserArtistInfo" collection. Furthermore, simple
queries such as query 2 and 4 does not necessarily need aggregation pipeline, in the mean while
query 1,3,5,6,7,8 need aggregation pipeline which is more complex using the syntax of "$lookup",
"$unwind", "$match", "$group", "$project", "$sort", and "$limit".
Execution
Simple queries
Query1 : given a user id, find all artists the user's friends listen

Engineering Design Process
Engineering Design Process Flight decks on planes are a complex series of buttons, switches, knobs
and lights. But pilots use each of these controls to operate a different piece of equipment and
navigate the plane safely. How do engineers design the flight deck so it works most efficiently for a
pilot? Its questions like that which must be asked and successfully answered for a piece of
equipment to be functional and successful in a plane. Kirschen Seah is a systems engineer for a
commercial avionics electronics company. She works closely with other engineers in her company,
as well as with customers to imagine, design and evaluate new flight deck controls. Understanding
the Design Process You may wonder how they come up with the design for ... Show more content
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The designer starts making a rough model by using simple things like clay and ping–pong balls.
Keeping the materials and design simple and flexible allows the designer to easily experiment with
and change the prototype. A prototype is the first working draft of a piece of equipment. Once the
designer is satisfied with the shape, they make a drawing of the controller on a computer. Using the
computer allows the team to change the components shape and move the knobs and switches around
easily. Once they have an initial
concept drawn up for the controller, they can "print" a three–dimensional copy of the controller
using a special device called a stereolithography printer. This lets them handle the controller and
check out the feel and position of the buttons, knobs and trackball. If they want to change their
position it is still easy to do at this phase. If this all goes well, they are ready for testing. Kirschen
helps with the projects by providing hardware and software, which simulate an aircraft flight deck.
This mockup allows designers to test out new designs. Here designers can evaluate their projects in
a dynamic flight simulation and make sure they work correctly and are easy for the pilots to use.
Once the component has successfully passed on the requirements it is ready for delivery to the
client. How Can You Think Like and Engineer Engineering and science are largely about using a
process to ask and answer

Design And Design Of A Green Building Fundementals 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESIGN BRIEF 3 PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES 3 ACHIEVING PLANNING REGULATIONS
7 GREEN BUILDING FUNDEMENTALS 11 Embodied Energy Assessment 11 Potable Water
Conservation/ Recycling Features 12 Rain Water Harvesting 13 Operational Energy Conservation
Strategies 15 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 16 Structural Design Philosophy 16 Critical/Preliminary
Member Sizes 17
REFERENCES 20
HOUSE DRAWINGS 25 PD1 – INTERIOR LAYOUT DESIGN 25 PD1 – INTERIOR LAYOUT
PLAN 26 PD1 – WINDOW & DOOR 27 PD2 – SITE EVELVATION 28 PD2 – BUILDING
ELEVATION 39 S01 – FOUNDATION LAYOUT PLAN 30 S02 – UPPER FLOOR FRAMING
LAYOUT 31 S03 – ROOF FRAMING LAYOUT 32 S03 – TRUSS DESIGN 33 S04 – WALL
FRAMING LAYOUT 34 PD2 – SERVICES CONNECTION 35
1.0 DESIGN BRIEF
The proposed single development is located within the Monash City Council subdivision lot number
56. It is designed as per the planning provisions stipulated in the Monash City Council Guidelines.
Lot number 56 is a 926 m^2 block with an 8% slope towards the back fence. Additionally there is a
3m easement along the back fence for surface drainage. All services (gas, water, electricity and
communications) are located at the right hand side corner of the plot (looking from access road).
Drive way access is located at the left hand corner of the plot (looking from access road).
The proposed house is a double storey, 3 bedroom dwelling

Laboratory Design Dq
For this task I am analysing why a good laboratory design is important for efficiency and
effectiveness. The main aim of an effective lab design is to create space which reduces the traffic
flow and allows the technicians to move around the lab in a suitable way. Good lab designs will also
improve the environment in the lab. An effective design allows space for cleaning systems and
processes such as ducting. I will have a ducting system coming from the fume hoods, through the
cooling system and out of the laboratory. I will include this here because it is the shortest possible
way of making an exit for the system. Having a tidy and efficient lab makes the work easier for the
staff so they perform their tasks better and get more done therefore ... Show more content on
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This makes the staff able to perform more tasks, making the lab and the amount of work more
efficient. There will be chemicals used to dilute different solutions in my lab which may perhaps be
toxic or hazardous. I have included special facility storage in my lab which ensures safety and
protection for the staff. To make the lab more efficient, I have placed rooms in areas in terms of
logic so it makes the work easier to do and avoids contaminating anything by trailing samples
through the lab. If I was to have a poor design, this would make the lab dangerous as dangerous
chemicals could be leaked over other samples and potentially the technicians if they aren't wearing
the appropriate clothing. I have also included an open space area in order to allow more tasks to be
performed, meaning more tasks get completed and is therefore more efficient. All around my lab I
have included fire exits, which further more protects the staff and gives them a sense of comfort
knowing that there is a nearby escape route from wherever they are working. I have also added other
safety features such as eye wash stations and protective

The Concept Of Sustainable Design
The current study resulted in a set of insights to simplify the concepts of LEED certificate, the main
elements and sub–elements of the LEED were summarized, in order to apply it to the design courses
in accordance with the content of each course. Figure (––) contains the types of certificates of
LEED and then projects that can be applied to them with the priority of application on projects.
Where the symbol () expresses the priority value as follows: "The student is asked to study the
functional relationship between the design elements and their relationship within the site layout and
the surrounding environment ." this means that this course focuses on the student's understanding of
the context surrounding the project, nonetheless at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In terms of the fifth level the text of bylaw as follows: (Dealing with large scale projects in urban
context that involve composition of buildings, each one to be studied architecturally. Hierarchy of
spaces according to size and function. Circulation patterns of pedestrian and cars. Environmental
concerns in design within site limitations. The following is the text of the Design 6 bylaw:
(Architectural design of complex multi–functional buildings comprising wide span elements,
program studies, data collecting and analysis, Realizing Architectural design of complex multi–
functional buildings and groups of buildings taking into consideration Internal & external space
studies. Visual relations of the group of buildings and their conformity with the general layout and
context; the design should compromise major elements having wide structure spans, provision of
natural lighting and ventilation. Application of new technologies to enhance design consecutions).
The graduation project is divided into the stage of data gathering and analysis of the site in the first
semester, while, the second semester is the phase of architectural design and design critique, in both
phases the bylaw stipulates that: (Analysis of collected data regarding the proposed site. Analysis
and

KZF Design Paper
KZF Design is an Architecture, Engineering, Interior Design, and Planning firm that was built over
60 years ago. The premiere firm is located at 700 Broadway Street in Cincinnati, Ohio. Operating as
one of the most influential firm in the Midwest, KZF Design delivers high–quality and high– design
projects to their clients and communities. By combining intelectual ideas and building materials, the
result is the highest standards of design and technical execution. There are many leadership
positions held at this company. The CEO, Robert Steele, who has dedicated 25 years to the design
and construction industry is said to be the most appreciative of being able to work with his creative,
and intellectual staff. Susan Williams, the CFO and Treasurer, is responsible for general operations
and all of the financial aspects of the company's practice. William Wilson, who is the Director of
Operations, is known for his attention to detail ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company's values include hard work, honesty with their clients, integrity, and creativeness with
all of the projects they are presented with. Many members of the staff are native to Cincinnati and
would be very easy to relate to when working together on a project that involves locating the best
place to build the newest project. I am a self–motivated worker who likes to form close relationships
with clients as well as other staff members, which will allow me an opportunity to enhance my skills
and learn new ways to complete tasks. The creative aspect will allow me to show my personal
designs and contribute to projects and work side by side with some of the best architects in the
midwest which will only improve my skills, giving me a better chance at obtaining a higher position
in the company. I would like to work at KZF Design so I can represent the company in a positive
way and truly work towards designing a better

Classroom Design Analysis
The studio classroom here at RPI is unique in the way that students and professors interact with it.
The room was set up to cultivate open and creative thinking in order to inspire design. Due to the
interactive nature of the studio classroom, both professors and students frequently use the white
board when teaching or explaining class concepts. When selecting my project 2 product, I connected
my experiences with the uses of the classroom whiteboard and thought of a "Whiteboard Squeegee".
Now that I am at the point in the design process where I analyze the potential users and
stakeholders, I narrowed down the user group for the whiteboard to studio professors and students.
There are certain characteristics that make this user group unique ... Show more content on
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This issue is brought to light from Donald Norman's different perspective, "for people themselves
are often unaware of their true needs, even unaware of the difficulties they are encountering"
(Norman 9). I have been using whiteboard erasers for my entire academic career and have always
subconsciously noted the fact that using them, especially on a large board, comes with its issues.
They can be tiring and difficult to reach and clean the entire board, due to the small handheld eraser
that has been adopted and remained relatively unchanged. The whiteboard eraser in the studio
classroom seems to have been overlooked by the user group perhaps for multiple reasons, which
adds strength to my cause as a designer. The ability to design for a group of individuals who
thoroughly appreciate innovation allows for my project to have a strong potential impact. Initially, I
assumed that my user group would contain but not be limited to people who interact in a classroom.
The fault in this thinking comes into play when defining the unique characteristics of the user group.
A generic classroom doesn't necessarily need a larger ergonomic whiteboard eraser because it
doesn't hold much value to them outside of its function as an eraser. My target user group is in
constant need of products and scenery that enhance the classrooms design identity. Though a white
board eraser may seem insignificant, it could inspire the design of

Design Of A Design Representation
6.3. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
The design should provide a complete picture of the software, addressing the data, functional, and
behavioral domains from an implementation perspective. Each of these characteristics is actually a
goal of the design process. To evaluate the quality of a design representation, we must establish
technical criteria for good design. Design should exhibit an architectural structure that
Has been created using recognizable design patterns
Is composed of components that exhibit good design characteristics.
Can be implemented in an evolutionary fashion, there by facilitating implementation and testing.
Design should be modular.
Design should contain distinct representation of architecture, interfaces and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
User, from there, can view Help Tutorial, can go to SME Project Details Module, Deactivated
Components Module or DE–Manager Change Details Module. The architectural design of CARETS
Admin Reports in shown in figure given below. Fig. 6.2. CARETS Admin Reports Functional
Architectural Model 6.4. INTERFACE DESIGN
User Interfaces determines how the user will interact with the system. Interface design should be
analyzed, planned and implemented in detailed and organized manner. Following aspects should be
kept in mind while designing the interface:
It should satisfy all user's requirements.
Keep it simple, elegant and efficient.
Easy to use, learn and implement.
Reduce burden on user's memory
Increase speed of operation and learning
Maintain consistency.
6.4.1. SAMPLE OF FORMS, REPORTS AND INTERFACES
6.4.1.1. Input Forms
Input forms can have various control features such as Menu Bar, Text Box, Toggle Buttons, List
Box, Dropdown List, Check Box, Radio Buttons, and Calendars etc. Fig. 6.3. Login Form Fig. 6.4.
Deactivated Components Form Fig. 6.5. DE–Manager Change Form Showing Calendar
Calendar feature is not supported in Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer. User will have to give
the date in required format.
6.4.1.2. Output Report Format
While designing the output, few things should be kept in mind:
Purpose of the output?
Who will use the information and how?

What information to be included?
Will the output be printed,

Buchanan Design Thinking
"Design, the effort of people to make the products that serve us in our everyday life" this is how
Buchanan refers to design. What the author is concerned about is mainly a vague indistinctive
problem today as well mainly because of design's flexibility. According to Buchanan, there is no
appropriate design formula to define design, because design and design thinking is a individual
experience, is a way of seeing things.
According to Simon. H, "the proper study of mankind is the science of design, not only as the
professional component of a technical education but as a core discipline for every liberally educated
man." This is a claim that gives a proper path to design, basically a science path. But, is it really so
fixed?
Science and arts as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparing Buchanan's view with nowadays IDEO's CEO Tim Brown, for example we see a core
difference. Brown states that "design thinking is a lineal descendant of [ Thomas Edison's research
and development] tradition. Put simply, it is a discipline that uses the designer's sensibility and
methods to match people's needs with what is technologically feasible and what a viable business
strategy can convert into customer value and market opportunity" Design Thinking Brown, T.
(2008).
On the other hand, Buchanan sees design as a general theory of design, unsettled yet a field of
discipline. Furthermore, "it has got no special key problems of its own "Rethinking design thinking
Kimbell.L. (2011)
Regarding liberal arts I'd like to emphasize the fact that they are fragmentation of advanced
knowledge that complements art and sciences. Other than just one field, it is a way of thinking
which is made obvious only when it is absent. That is when it is understood the lack of design. As a
famous designer Bruce Mau claims that "for most of us design is invisible until it fails" Massive
Change

Design Of Design Communication And Rhetoric Essay
Whether it is the Blog post by Utile Design, "Design Communication and Rhetoric," or the
Educational paper titled "An Argument for Argument in Architectural Education," both stress an
utmost concern for the lack of education in relation to certain skills that are invaluable in the design
field in Architecture Schools in the United States. These skills include, but are not limited to, well–
rounded critical thinking, written and oral, and interpersonal communication skills in relation to
both design thinking and design process. "Design Communication and Rhetoric" dwells into detail
of why such skills are important, but fails to provide any solution except for a concise census.
However, in "An Argument for Argument in Architectural Education" the authors state the issue and
concern, but also state a solution in which schools can adapt to meet a new agenda. In the Blog post,
the writer analyzes how the methods in which an individual communicates constantly evolves over
the course of the design process. There are five specific target audiences for how one writes, speaks,
and visual conveys an idea in an architectural setting. First is the self, the originator, designer, and
author of the idea, which contains little to nothing in relation to persuasion, because an idea is only
written then as being a solution to a design problem. Next comes those that are collaborated with,
the mode staying the same (using sketching and writing) with an introduction of an additional layer
of

What Is Interaction Design
Interaction Design Christophe De Pelsemaker 3BA – Grafische Vormgeving Sint–Lukas Brussel
2011–2012 Content What is interaction design? Designers My principles of (interaction) design
Sources Tamer Nakisci Namahn p. 3 p. 3 p. 3 p. 4 p. 4 p. 6 What is interaction design? Interaction
design is the structure and behavior of interactive systems. Designers working with interaction
design try to create relationships between people, products and the services they use. Not only
speaking from computers, mobile devices, applications and beyond, but interaction also happens
from user to user and from machine to machine. The core of interactive design is to embed
information into the social complexities of the physical world. ... Show more content on
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It gets in touch with the ever changing emotions of people. 3 Namahn Namahn is a Belgian design
firm based in Brussels, founded in 1987 with the intention of designing in a different way, with a
larger focus on the user. In fact they are viewed as pioneers in this area and often give guest lectures
in a number of institutions. Namahn calls their style of design Human–Centered Design. This means
that trough their design they focuses on the impact the design has on the user. They claim that they
start their creating process for a certain product with an investigation of the user's wants and needs.
What does he want or need to achieve? By doing intensive research into these things they feel that a
designer is able to create better and more effective design. This in return provides a better and more
effective design, a design that saves the user a lot of precious time. On the other hand this also
means eliminating useless and confusing functions and reintegrating only the necessary parts.
Namahn pride themselves on employing a strict design process. This process can be divided into
three basic steps: First The designers try to get into the right mindset for the task at hand. This
means researching the context in which the design will take place. By doing this the Namahn
designers find out what the user's genuine needs are, not only the needs that they are perceived to
have by others. This shows how Namahn doesn't

Coding Graphic Design
Is Coding Important in Graphic Design? Despite what some new graphic designers say, coding is
still an important part of graphic design. This is hotly debated because graphic designers can use
many professional drag–and–drop tools to create beautifully functional websites. These tools allow
graphic designers to focus on fine turning their art and efficiently using their time. The graphic
design industry is highly competitive because there is always a readily available labor force of
highly qualified, part–time professionals. Graphic designers who can code will increase their job
competitiveness and enjoy better job security. The Advantages of Coding Graphic designers do not
work in a bubble, but instead collaborate with artists, marketers, web developers, IT personnel and
business leaders. Graphic designers who know how to code will have the ... Show more content on
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This includes Adobe InDesign, which is the single most important program for graphic designers.
Adobe InDesign is the standard desktop publishing program used for designing and editing visual
materials like books, posers, books and magazines. Adobe Photoshop is used by graphic designers
to create graphics and manipulate photos through re–sizing, cropping and color–correcting. Adobe
Illustrator is primarily used for creating high–quality images that can be re–sized without loss of
quality. Graphic designers use Adobe Illustrator to create charts, graphs and logos. Adobe
Dreamweaver is used by graphic designers who for web development purposes. It's also important
to know Microsoft Office applications like Word and Excel. When it comes to coding, graphic
designers should be familiar with CSS, HTML and Javascript because these three programming
languages are behind most web content. Readers can learn about how to become a graphic designer
here.

Inquiry Questions On Design And The Elements And...
Inquiry Questions
What is design? A design is a plan or a sketch produced to show the function or the workings of a
specific space which are made before constructing or applying the product. (Farlex)
What are the elements and principles of design?
The elements of design
1. Line: A line is a recognizable path created by a point moving in space. Lines are one–dimensional
that differ and contrasts in length, width and dimension. Lines every so often describe and outline
the edges of a method or a form. A line can be diagonal, horizontal or vertical. (Paul)
2. Shape: A shape is an independent clear area of geometric (ex: circles and squares), creating a
positive space using a shape will lead directly to a negative space. (LOVETT)
3. Direction – Lines have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Color – Color is the light reproduced and replicated off objects. It has three main features: type or its
name (red, green, blue, etc.), value (dark or light), and strength (dull or bright). (Elements and
Principles of Design)
The principles of design
Balance – Balance is the visual and graphical equality between all the elements of design. It
provides and offers stability, steadiness and structure to a design. (LOVETT)
Proximity – Proximity generates and creates the relationship between elements. It provides a
principal point. Proximity means that the elements of design should be visually connected and
linked in some way. (Paul)
Alignment– Alignment allows the creation of organization and order. Aligning elements allows
them to create a visual connection with each other.
REPETITION – Repetition strengthens a design by tying together individual elements. It helps to
create association and consistency. Repetition can create rhythm (a feeling of organized movement).
CONTRAST – Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposing elements (opposite colours on the colour
wheel, or value light / dark, or direction – horizontal / vertical). Contrast allows us to emphasize or
highlight key elements in your

Interior Design
Profile Essay: Interior Design Interior design is a popular career for many people. That is especially
those who are creative and who have a high number of ideas about how they would change a room
or a whole home to look completely different. There are many different projects that are involved
with interior design and they are all separate but related to one another. The people who conduct the
projects are called interior designers. Development is the first phase of interior design (Pile, 2003).
Then the designer has to talk with everyone involved in the project and make sure each person
knows what his or her job is and how much everything should cost. How long the job is going to
take is also important, and the homeowner or business owner needs to know that. Then the work can
get started and everyone can work together to make the house or business look just the way the
owner wants. Every owner has a different idea of how he or she wants a place to look when it is all
done. If the interior designer does not agree with the way the owner wants it to look, and the two
cannot agree, the owner needs to find a new designer that he or she can trust and work with on the
project (Pile, 2003). Getting along with a designer is really important. If you have an interior
designer (or you are an interior designer) and you do not get along well with others, you could end
up not getting things done properly in a house or a business. Originally, there was no interior design
as a

Design Problematization: The Role of Individual...
DESIGN PROBLEMATIZATION: the role of the individual preferences and beliefs in the design
process
Several factors are to be taken into consideration in designing a structure. Among other things, the
problem solving of the given "initial" problem, the usage of the structure and the aesthetic outcome
of the design are given the most importance when designing. What are usually placed at the bottom
of the priority in designing are those that deal with the qualitative qualities in designing. These left
out qualities ranges from the intellectual to the emotional. This goes the same for the decision–
making process, more often than not, what is given more focus by both architecture professionals
and students is the process in answering or giving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(HARFIELD, Steve, 2007)
Harfield has stated that architects and designers, work on a very self–centered approach. In the
mindset of the architect, the schematic that he is drawing is HIS design. The schematic is his design
because he had approached the problem on his own, using only his knowledge on the nature of the
design and his view on how the problem should be developed and solved. (HARFIELD, Steve,
2007)
Through this scenario Harfield has shown that the "design problematization" does not start with the
received initial problem, rather it starts when the designer or architect chose to engage the generated
problem from the brief of the initial problem. This is the stage of the designing process where the
design gets personalized and individualized, as this is where the designer approaches the design
problem, although at times unconsciously, with his own views, beliefs, biases and preference,
assumptions and understanding of the problem.
To simplify this idea, Harfield said that each designer is looking through their own unique lens,
which filters the world, the brief and the design they are working on through his own understanding
and ideology. Simply put, this means that a neutral and unbiased take on the given problem is
already impossible. (HARFIELD, Steve, 2007)
Personally, I agree to what Harfield said, when it comes to the idea of having "a different solution to

Universal Design
The Universal Design for Learning is defined as a set of principles for curriculum development that
caters to varying needs in the classroom and provides individual and equal opportunities to learn. It
provides a framework for devising instructional goals, methods, teaching practices, and assessments
in a range of different modes to promote student learning. The approach is important because it
identifies a wide array of needs and wants in the classroom, with individual students necessities,
skills and effective learning techniques pivotal. The framework recognises the barriers to and for
learning, allowing for the implementation of flexible techniques that cater to student's strengths and
desires so that each student can reach their learning

Sustainable Design Versus Aesthetic Design
Design is that area of human experience, where skill and knowledge is concerned with man's ability
to mould the environment according to his material and spiritual needs. It is used to analyse and
identify problems to find an appropriate solution. Designers have created all kind of functional
designs to help improve people's lives. They were interested in the nature of beauty, art, and taste
and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. Although there are examples of pre–historic art,
they are rare and the guidelines that they followed are not so clear, Thus the aesthetic doctrines that
guided their production and interpretation one mostly unknown. However, recently designer notice
what happing to the world such as global worming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, these cultural aesthetic merits have been undermined by very restricted pro–
environmental guidelines (Donald et al, 2008) such as, The Design Accord. As a result, modern
architecture has lost the engagement with the local cultural identity and the sense of creativity has
been reduced (Donald et al, 2008). Where experimenting and exploiting the plant resources will
result in a better world than trying to protect the environment (Donald et al, 2008). A good
architecture does not need any ethical diminution and responsibility regarding the environment and
just design for the design sake (Donald et al, 2008).
What they both fails to consider is that the aesthetic value and the environment value, if they are
used together it will benefit the design. Good design should have the flexibility, creativity and
responsible design approaches and methods, and also good communication (Wolf 2010). According
to Meyer (2008) the aesthetic value could increase the functionality of a particular the design. He
also states that In designing urban eras parks consider as aesthetic value, but it also has an important
effect on the environment in two ways: they are environment cleaning machines and shady groves
of trees reducing temperatures, absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

An Analysis Of Sustainability In Design
In this report I am going to be talking about sustainability in Design, and how the life cycle
considerations determine the focus for design interventions and explain relationships between
lifecycle deign, innovation and sustainability.
What is Sustainability? What is Sustainability in Design?
Sustainability, according to Landlearn NSW Website: 'Sustainability could be defined as an ability
or capacity of something to be maintained or to sustain itself. It's about taking what we need to live
now, without jeopardising the potential for people in the future to meet their needs'. Sustainability in
design can be defined as to living in a way of reducing negative impacts onto the environment and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Apple IPhone 3g was introduced in June, 2009, and it was the Second Generation of the IPhone.
The iPhone is a touchscreen and had 3.5–inch screen, which had front and a rear camera that was
2.0Mp. Some of the features it had were Audio/ video player, TV–out, Organiser, document viewer,
photo viewer and predictive text input. Compared modern iPhone, the iPhone than, you need to have
a regular sim and now the sim cards are Nano sim's that are slightly smaller than the regular Sims.
The amount of IPhones are owned worldwide today is approximately 68 billion. This would impact
on the environment.
The Life Cycle Analysis
The Life Cycle Analysis also known as Life Cycle Assessment or Cradle to Grave Analysis is a
technique to look at the environmental impacts that are related with all the stages of a product life
from Cradle to Grave. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life–cycle_assessment#Cradle–to–grave A Life
Cycle for an Apple iPhone includes the developers looking at raw materials selection,
manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal/ recycling. http://sustainable–graphic–
design.blogspot.co.nz/2011/07/materials–life–cycle–assessment–in.html Raw Material selection: all
products are made from the materials found in or on the earth. When the materials are extracted,
they are then converted into a form that is than used to make products. Below is a pie graph of the
materials that were used to

Design And Design Of Design Essay
Design and build is a generic term describing a procurement route in which the main contractor is
appointed to design and construct the works, as opposed to a traditional contract, where theclient
appoints consultants to design the development and then a contractor is appointed to construct the
works. Design and build can appeal to clients as it gives a single point of responsibility for
delivering the entire project. Some clients however consider it is only appropriate for simple
projects, wheredesign quality is not the main consideration. The contractor can either be appointed
to carry out all of the design work, or if the client wishes to have greater influence over the design, a
concept design and outline (or performance)specification can be prepared by a consultants
employed by the client, and then the contractor is appointed to complete the design and carry out the
construction. The contractor may use their own in–house designers to design the building, or they
can appoint consultant designers, or the client 's designers can be employed by the contractor to
complete the design (either by novation or consultant switch). If the contractor is appointed at the
outset of the project (so that they can contribute to the development of the design from the
beginning), they may be appointed through a two–stage process. In the first stage, the contractor is
selected on the basis of a fee, preliminaries, overheads and profit. They then work with the design
team (who may be

Design And Application Assignment
Design and Principle and Application Assignment: Planning Design and Production Task 1 Identify
and describe the planning process for this type of building project Atlas Design Consultancy has
been approached to design an office building for an accountancy firm. The building to be designed
is a five storey office block with a basement. A design brief has been formulated between the client
and also Henry Brown, Senior Partner of Atlas Design Consultancy. A preliminary drawing has
since been drawn up, so now research is to be carried out in preparation for the design and planning
for the proposed project. This is known as the inception stage where the clients brief is drawn up
and looked at. The main areas included in the clients ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There will be design meetings organised where decisions will be made on the following issues: 1.
Design aspects 2. Materials 3. Finishes 4. Services 5. Contributions by specialist firms 6. Various
other matters to do with the project. At this stage the application for planning approval could be
sought or could be left until the detailed design stage. The detailed design stage is when the client
has given approval; therefore pre–contract work can then proceed on the scheme design and
drawings. More detailed drawings and specifications incorporating the specialist contributions will
be prepared and more meetings will take place between the design team and the client to highlight
any issues which may include: 1. More design details 2. Co–ordination of the work of all the
consultants 3. Co–ordination of structural design and building services 4. Finalisation of details of:
a. Standard equipment b. materials c. Finishes to be incorporated into the building 5. Application for
consents required at this stage 6. Agreement of tendering arrangements 7. Checking that design is
kept within budget. Once all this is

Web Design Memo
The purpose of this memo is to communicate my efforts and process associated with writing the
final assignment.
Motivation Behind Topic
When considering mechanisms and processes to write a proposal about, the one idea that came to
my mind was ENGL 313, Rhetorical Website Design. As a former student in that course, who was
uninformed the class involved coding, I wanted to make the subject easier for future students. I
chose to stick with the topic for the technical description because I genuinely think the small
recommendations I offered will help students tremendously. I wanted to make the experience better
so participants can be enthusiastic about web design. I wrote with my perspective in mind, reflecting
how I would have benefited from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That being said, I took on all the challenging aspects of this course. The most difficult part of
writing the technical description was using appropriate language to speak towards my educated
audience. For example, choosing whether or not to write a definition, or writing an extension of a
technical definition. I also wanted to convey to the audience I was also well–educated in the
material I was discussing. I had to find a balance in the language I spoke, which proved to be
difficult.
Another struggle was writing learning objectives. I had to research various sources about the reason
for them, how to write them effectively, and the levels of thinking that can addressed. I had to shift
my mindset from a student to a teacher. I thought, "what are top three outcomes I want my students
to achieve by the end of the week."
Successes
While writing learning objectives was a difficult task, I also found enjoyment out of the process. I
delighted in writing realistic expectations that students could visualize for the week. The section I
am most proud of is Step 6: Constructing Unit Plan. In this area, all of the steps came to life and put
into practice. I reviewed the current class schedule and made adjustments based on what I observed.
I evaluated previous class schedules and took elements that provided the clearest communication. I
compiled those features and constructed the unit

Effective Lesson Design And Backwards Design
PART 1: EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN
The main issues or questions addressed in this section.
An effective lesson design's most important elements (Wiggins and McTighe, 1998).
Criticality of good learning objectives as far as effective instruction is concerned
Examples of good learning objectives in light with the Common Core State Standards
The Common Pitfalls of Planning Effective lessons and how they can be avoided
Meaning of backward design
The manner in which Common–Core State Standards Initiative assist in designing effective
instruction (Wiggins and McTighe, 1998).
AN EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN'S MOST IMPORTANT
ELEMENTS
 Learning Objective (LO): elaborate learning objectives assist in the development of other
imperative elements of a lesson plan (Newman, 2013) Research: a vivid lesson design
commences with research (Newman, 2013)
 Clarity: the objective or intent of the lesson ought to be easily determinable
 Specificity: the learning objectives ought to be precise to a select learning outcome
 Completeness: the element of completeness ascertains that the teacher stands a position to capture
every crucial element of the lesson in a bid to foster student's success.
 Guided Practice: it is considered as the procedure for going through the course.
MAKING AN EFFECTIVE LESSON PLAN
The crucial constituents of an effective lesson plan include :
Objective Materials Procedures Questions Sight for special Needs
CRITICALITY OF

Green Design
John A. Walker argues that designers must undertake an ecological role. Arguably, humanity is re–
designing the planet Earth every hour of every day, either deliberately by rational planning or
inadvertently with billions of unconsidered actions, and in the main ruining it. We all carry a
responsibility for the destruction and therefore we all need to mend our ways, but of course some
groups within society have more power than others to take remedial action: engineers, architects,
planners and designers for instance. If they became pro–active rather than re–active, they could play
a crucial role: their skills, imagination and ingenuity could help preserve the planet for future
generations. "Green" or "ecological design" is one positive ... Show more content on
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And on May 12 this year the Design Museum held a well–attended conference entitled "Green
Design – Beyond the Bandwagon?" which included speakers from Zanussi, Volvo, New Consumer
Magazine, Design Week and the Labour Party. An Ecological Design Association has been founded
in Britain with the intention of encouraging training, professional standards, product testing and
"ecodesign" in general. In terms of transportation, green design ranged from changes in the engines
of conventional cars to take unleaded petrol and to reduce fuel consumption, to Anthony Howard's
Africar (a cheap, wooden vehicle designed for Africa). Volvo in Sweden renewed its long–term
commitment to making environmentally friendly cars and buses, while Renault in France designed
an electric car. Modifying existing vehicles is a step in the right direction but it does nothing to limit
the ever growing number of cars on the roads. If population growth has to be limited, so does the
growth in cars. Many greens would prefer to walk and cycle or to use public transport. Once the will
exists to improve and expand the latter, many more opportunities for the green transport designer
will occur. Fashion also witnessed changes during the 1980s. Anita Roddick's chain of Bodyshops
was highly successful in selling natural cosmetics with minimum packaging; campaigns against the
use of animal furs for clothes cut

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