Cancer Stem Cells and their migration and invasion

1. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND
TISSUE ENGINEERING
Control of CSC Migration and Invasion
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Girish Kumar K
V MSc Biomedical Science

2. Cancer Stem Cells
■ Cancer stem cells were first identified by John Dick in acute myeloid leukemia in the late 1990s.
Since the early 2000s they have been an intense cancer research focus.
■ Rare cells within tumors with the ability to self-renew and give rise to the phenotypically diverse
tumor cell population to drive tumorigenesis.
■ These are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics
associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a
particular cancer sample.
■ CSCs are therefore tumorigenic and it may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of
self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types.
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3. ■ These cells are hypothesized to persist in tumors as a distinct population and
cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors.
■ They have two defining features:
1.) Their long-term ability to self-renew.
2.) Their capacity to differentiate into progeny that is non-tumorigenic but still contributes
to the growth of the tumor.
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5. Migration and Invasion
■ Metastasis is the major cause of tumor lethality. However not all the tumor cell can metastasize.
■ This potential depends on factors that determine growth, angiogenesis, invasion and other basic
processes.
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6. Origin Of CSC
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7. Identification of CSC
■ Sphere formation assay.
■ Flow cytometry (efflux of fluorescent compounds)
■ Cell surface markers
■ Sphere formation indicates their high proliferating ability without cell attachment.
■ SP cells indicate their high drug efflux capacity.
■ CSC markers are highly expressed proteins specific to CSCs
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8. Isolation of CSC
■ FACS and MACS (magnetic cell sorting) are the main techniques used to isolate CSCs.
■ CSCs enrichment can be done using the FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) technique.
■ Magnetic Cell Sorting (MACS):This technology isolates cells with a high quality and is regarded
as a standard method for cell isolation.This technique can isolate cells based on expression of
special stem cell markers like CD 24, CD133,ALDH1 andCD44.
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9. Therapies toTarget Cancer
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11. ThankYou