Quit Smoking Headline

Quit Smoking Headline
Headline: Prescription drugs to help you quit smoking – Off–label drugs
Reference:
Prescription Drugs to Help You Quit Smoking https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay–away–from–
tobacco/guide–quitting–smoking/prescription–drugs–to–help–you–quit–smoking.html Accessed
February 6, 2017
Off–label Drug Use
What is off–label drug use? https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments–and–side–
effects/treatment–types/chemotherapy/off–label–drug–use.html Accessed February 6, 2017
Drugs Can Help You Quit Smoking http://www.health.com/health/condition–
article/0,,20210994,00.html Accessed February 6, 2017
Written by: Hai Anh Nguyen Ngoc
Reviewed by:
Body text starts here:
Opening: For people who want to quit smoking, there are various methods and approaches ... Show
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Adiitionally, the dose should be lowered slowly, as a sudden stop during using this drug may bring
about a range of severe effects.
Clonidine
Clonidine is another older drug that helps people quit smoking. It has been approved by the FDA to
treat high blood pressure.
If you want to use Clonodine, consult a doctor first. Most common side effects of Clonodine include
dizziness, dry mouth, weakness, constipation, drowsiness, unusual tiredness. More severe ones are
allergic reactions, a slow heart rate, and very high or very low blood pressure. The drugs can also
affect the ability to drive or operate a machinery.
Clonidine can be used 3 days before you quit, or the same day you stop smoking. It can be given a
the form of a pill (cartillage) or a skin–patch. It should not be stopped suddenly, as unless the doses
are lowered over 2 to 4 days, your blood pressure, agitation, confusion, or tremors will increase
significantly.
Closing: This method can only be used if you have a prescription from the doctors. Thus, consult
with your health care provider carefully to find out what would suit
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Off Label Promotion : Profitable Health Jeopardizing Act...
Off–label promotion: profitable health jeopardizing act of defiance or costly freedom of speech?
INTRODUCTION
Over the years there is the discussion on the nature of off–label promotion. Promotion for an
unapproved by the Food and Drug Administration usage of a drug, medical device or biologic is
prohibited by the 1938 Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, and subjects the product to the misbranding
provisions. On the other hand, off–label promotion is deemed to be a constitutional right protected
by the First Amendment. Numerous debates, lawsuits and court rulings still don't clear up the
dilemma of off–label promotion.
HISTORY OF OFF–LABEL PROMOTION REGULATIONS
Off–label use of drugs and medical devices is common practice in the United States. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another law that imposes liability on healthcare manufacturers is the False Claim Act also known as
Lincoln Law. Initially, the law was applied to people who defraud federal programs but in the late
90s the Act commenced to be applied to frauds associated with the promotions of the healthcare
goods. The first recognition of off–label promotion was made in 1996 when Franklin v. Parke–
Davis lawsuit was filed. Dr. David Franklin filed the False Claim Act case based on his concerns on
his former employer's, pharmaceutical company Parker–Davis, off–label promotion of anti–epileptic
drug Neurontin. The proposed claim that off–label promotion complies with the False Claim Act
was new and controversial. It took 8 years of legal disputes to attain equally beneficial settlement of
$430 million in fines and penalties. The Franklin v. Parker–Davis case set a precedent for numerous
off–label promotion cases, which still remain urgent matter for both lawsuits and public debates.
CLAIM ONE
Off–label promotion is law–prohibited action, which is used to increase sales profits.
The numerous cases were filled against the giant multinational corporations with allegation in fraud,
kickbacks, noncompliance with established laws and regulations. Companies tend to commit the
same mistakes year after year despite the existing precedents. What motivates manufacturers to take
illegal actions? Why

The Paradox of Choice
It all comes down to one question. Is it better when you have more choices or when you have fewer
choices? Most people would answer more choices as they would feel less limited because it is
common to associate having more choices with having more freedom and having more freedom
with having more welfare. In fact, this is not always correct as you may not have enough knowledge
to know which may be the most beneficial to you in the long run. This is turn relates to what is best
known as the paradox of choice because we may think we have more but in reality we have less and
find ourselves in a far more complex situation. The paradox of choice explains in depth how certain
individuals and societies are affected when the matter of choice comes ... Show more content on
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Medical centres are now much more helpful than before by offering many solutions to individuals
(Gillespie). This is actually seen as an advantage to patients because they will have more awareness
in terms of how serious their illness is and doctors are now able to list many more treatment options
to patients than before giving patients the freedom to choose the treatment they want to undergo. In
turn, most people don't know what is best for them and they can end up choosing a certain type of
treatment which can end up causing another sickness that can be fatal due to side effects (Iyengar).
The advertisement of prescription medicines is also a great contribution to such a situation because
individuals look at how good the advertisements look and assume that taking the certain prescription
medicine being advertised will be the solution to their problem. This then causes doctors to be
persuaded into writing prescriptions for their patients to have their desired medicines. Yet again this
is another example of freedom of choice which is what people want because they will feel even
better by being able to choose what medicine to take. As a result, some individuals can actually be
lucky and successfully treat themselves but many end up aggravating their health by trying
medicines that can cause a negative response on their bodies. In the modern world, people now have
the flexibility to work whenever they want and in almost any location (Salecl). This is a big

Medication Off Label Is A Patient Right
Medications off label is a patient right. The Brazilian pharmaceutical market is the ninth largest in
the world and the second among the BRIC countries (First is China, with Russia and India
occupying third and fourth), annually handling about R $ 28 billion, a growth trend. Among the six
largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, four are Brazilian. Currently there are about 540
pharmaceutical companies registered in Brazil. The growth of this sector, in general, has been
remarkable and very favorable to patients. The high investment in research and development of new
drugs allowed disease very recently (from a historical point of view) taken by incurable or high
mortality rate may gradually being controlled by the use of drugs and. In some cases, this evolution
walks to the discovery of a cure. AIDS may be cited as notorious example, emerged in Brazil in the
early 80s, with a high rate of mortality and suffering, and "only" 16 years later, it became a disease
that through the drugs allow the infected person lead a normal life, "in a chronic and controllable
way". However, according to economic data released by the Association of Pharmaceutical
Research (Interfarma) in Brazil they invested just over $ 139 million in research, while in the world
they invested $ 40 billion. Brazil 's participation in clinical trials worldwide is 1.2%, and the time
taken for approval of a clinical trial in Brazil is between 10 and 14 months. Between 2005 and 2009
the international patent

Gunnar Monical. Professor Greg Murray. Egl 101-13. 17 March
Gunnar Monical
Professor Greg Murray
EGL 101–13
17 March 2017
Pills aren't Thrills
In the hectic pill–popping world we live in today, around 6.5 million people in the U.S. currently
abuse prescription medication and out of those 6.5 million, 4.5 of those people abuse pain relievers
according to Nova Science Publishers (Greer). Codeine, oxycodone, Adderall, and Xanax just to
name a few of the favorites among abusers (Fahey and Miller). These medications can end up on the
streets and in the hands of party–goers looking for a "good time". Dangerous pills such as those
listed above can be quite useful by people with authentic medical conditions such as anxiety and
ADHD, but also have the power to be abused by teenage party goers that crave a ... Show more
This was a vicious cycle then and still is a vicious cycle now. With doctors handing out
prescriptions, such as opiates nonchalantly to patients that have minor conditions such as a pulled
muscle, it is more than likely fueling drug abuse like gasoline to a fire. Although, if someone has
ever had to receive medication that requires more effort than grabbing it off of the convenience store
shelf, realize that pharmacists now cannot legally distribute prescription medication without one 's'
personal prescription. The Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drugs in North America also notes that
Vicodin and Xanax earn the title as two of the most commonly prescribed drugs distributed by
doctors and also reside as the most commonly abused prescription drugs in United States.
Deemed as socially acceptable when used for non–medical reasons, prescription drugs such as
amphetamines commonly infiltrate college campuses. As a college student, it isn't uncommon to be
overwhelmed with the piles of homework and tests to study for. It also isn't uncommon to hear
about students using non prescribed amphetamines such as Adderall and Ritalin to aide in the
process of studying for big exams and finals. Although studies show that Ritalin and Adderall could
be beneficial in small doses to treat children with attention deficit disorder, students that use large
amounts of these

Off Label Drugs Use
Off–Label Drugs Use is using a medication to treat a disease condition other than what it's approved
for by drug regulatory agencies. Abdulah et al. (2015) documented that "Pharmacotherapy is usually
based on drugs that are approved for a specific indications, dosages, and routes of administration or
population. However, this does not preclude the use of the medicine outside of those terms"
(pg.470). Although, the use of unapproved medications are common and legal without controversies
(Mayhew, 2009). However, adequate precautions should be taken not to administer overdose due to
immaturity or weakness of the excretory organ. Also the off–label drugs can be use only if approved
medication has been used without any therapeutic relief or an adverse ... Show more content on
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2015). So many strategical methods can be applied to achieve a safety use of the off label
medications, such as collaboration of the regulatory agencies, the provider/prescribers and the
pharmaceutical companies in determining a common and safe guideline. Also, using the patient's
height and weight to calculate appropriate dosage needed. In addition, a small starting dose should
be prescribed and increased dosage gradually as tolerated as long as the liver and kidney functions
are within normal range. Finally, parents should be instructed to stop the medication and report to
the health care provider once an adverse reactions are

Neuroenhancing Drugs Analysis
In a society where quantity of work overpowers quality of work, there is no wonder why
"neuroenhancing" drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin are on the rise of consumption. As more
people adopt the idea that these drugs are cognitively beneficial; the more they secretly use them for
non–medical reasons. Margaret Talbot, a writer for The New Yorker, looks more into this problem in
her article, "From Brain Gain: The Underground World of "Neuroenhancing" Drugs". Throughout
this article Talbot focuses on a new trend of drug use, such as Adderall and Ritalin, for non–medical
intentions. She focuses mainly on the increase of drug use by scholars and public intellectuals
throughout her article. Talbot successfully proves to her audience that non–medical ... Show more
Through the use of logos Talbot first makes clear the concerns she has for the purposes for using
these drugs. In paragraph 7 she lists all the symptoms that drugs like Adderall could cause; some of
which include nervousness, headaches, sleeplessness, and the even have a high potential for abuse.
Talbot warns the readers that using drugs in this type of manner could ultimately harm them in the
long run. She stresses that the way society focuses more on taking these drugs to help complete
work rather than . To help with this she also uses anecdotal evidence throughout her summaries of
each of her interviews. She picks what kind of things to put in the essay and only uses the part of the
interviews that make her argument

The Ethical Implications Of Doctor Prescribing
The process of identification involves the awareness that a decision needs to be made but also the
recognition of the ethical implications of that decision (Manias 2013). The central ethical issue
surrounds the doctor prescribing her medication for something other than its purpose. There is a
moral and ethical reason for the patient to take the medication as prescribed. It is a matter of trust
between the patient and doctor. According to Web–MD, "Off–label" means the medication is being
used in a manner not specified in the FDA 's approved packaging label, or insert. Every prescription
drug marketed in the U.S. carries an individual, FDA–approved label. This label is a written report
that provides detailed instructions regarding the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The common prototype for this objection is taking drugs to perform well on test. Taking drugs such
as Ritalin, Adderall, Provigil and other drugs designed to keep them awake and focused provides the
dishonest student with the advantage over his or her peers. Such an unfair advantage is a clear
ethical issue. Merriam–Webster's dictionary defines cheating as "to use dishonest methods to
achieve a goal".
Ethical decisions are informed decisions; critical thinking about human problems requires
knowledge (Manias 2013). Prescription medication is so controlling that a doctor must determine if
it is in the best interest of the patient to take the medication. There are side effects and possible
harmful effects with every prescription that is written. Legally, patients are not permitted to sell or
share prescription medications with others. This matter is much more than just a legal implication.
Morally and ethically, patients should beware that even though it may be well intentioned, they
should at no time share or sell prescription medication. What is useful for one could possibly be
fatal to another.
Stakeholders Taking medication for the reason other than labeled Ways to cope with stressful
situations Consequences
Sara Addiction/codependent on medication to complete future assignments Focus, Go over any
material from practice tests, Budget your time, Eat before a test, make sure you have sufficient time

Persuasive Essay On Off Label Drugs
Greg a 14–year–old boy living with his parents in the basement. He has to take these off label
prescription drug. An off label prescription drug is a drug that isn't prescription by a doctor or pro.
Greg could find these drugs on the streets or even with his family members. Be sure to take your
drugs to a doctor and get them copied and your drugs. Greg is taking these drugs to feel better but
he doesn't know if they should be off labeled by a pro or just somebody else. When off label drugs
were in the 1980's it is different than today. It's different because the drugs used back then were, just
for pain. But today we use drugs to get better with an illness or disease. Off label drugs has been
used since the 1980's, supporters and no supporters argue if off label drugs are a good thing or not.
This is what the doctors did in the 1980's, there was one problem; the drugs had been tested on and
approved for people with severe arrhythmias ("off label"). It took a long time for people to stop
prescribing these drugs because they just couldn't believe it and killed over 50,000 people in ...
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The first reason is Many people with cancer have to take these if they want to survive or get better
("Off Label Drugs"). Every other kid gets to live by a single drop of this prescribe drug. 85% of kids
survive these conditions (Gulfo 4). That companies have the right to market their products to
doctors. FDA announced that there were important public policy reasons for allowing manufactures
to disseminate truthful and non–misleading medical journal articles ("Off Label Drugs"). Some
doctors who support off label drugs prescribe say that it actually helps when companies that do the
work and not doctors ("off label"). The doctors should be the people that save people's life and
makes kids great and healthy again, not the people that put drugs on markets that people can

The Politics and Economics of FDA Drug Approval Essay
The Politics and Economics of FDA Drug Approval
The United Sates Food and Drug Administration has been protecting American consumers for
around 70 years. The FDA assures the safety drugs, medical devices, chemicals, cosmetics, foods
and additives by evaluating products for approval. Controversy has recently been surrounding the
FDA's drug approval process, due to a general trend to get pharmaceuticals on the market more
quickly. The FDA has been under pressure from congress and the public to speed approval, but
pharmaceutical companies, who benefit more than anyone form accelerated drug approval, have
also been applying pressure to the FDA through congress. The speeding of the approval process
helps patients with incurable illnesses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act guarantees consumers protection from excess
radiation in certain devices. Lastly, The Public Health Service Act expanded the FDA's authority to
cover serums and vaccines and also justified the inspections of restaurants (Food and Drug
Administration [Britannica]). The FDA is adjusting to a switch in leader ship since Jane Heney,
previously the FDA's deputy commissioner of operations, was nominated in June 1998. Heney, the
first woman to head the FDA, has a packed resume that includes a vice presidency of the University
of New Mexico and a specialization in cancer research. Her strategy for the future of the FDA
includes the enforcement of new federal laws to modernize the FDA and addressing concerns about
drug safety and approval speed, as well as controlling food contamination (Davis 5D). The FDA
requires pharmaceutical companies to conduct years of research on their drugs before they begin the
actual process approval. Drug companies submit test results to the FDA to be reviewed by their
scientists; the FDA actually does no preliminary research on the drugs. In order to be approved, the
companies must prove to the FDA that each drug is safe and effective and that the benefits of the
drug must outweigh its side effects. The FDA has 800 to 900 employees involved in reviewing
drugs before they get to the market. After a drug is approved, the FDA researches by collecting and
analyzing thousands of reports each

The Controversy Of Animal Welfare
"Hormone–free", "organic", "grass–fed", and "natural" are labels that animal and plant producers
use to inform consumers of what they are eating. These claims are misleading and usually increase
the prices of those products. By increasing the price and sticking a label that reads "natural" makes
consumers think that this product is better for them. Animal Welfare Approved gives an example of
an egg carton boasting the statement that its eggs are "natural." This statement can legally come
from an industrial farm where the hens do not forage the way a chicken does "naturally." According
to the USDA, farms have to get organic certifications and accreditations in order to sell, label, and
represent their products as organic. It is difficult to

The Character Tommy In Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go
When we were born, the only thing we had was the genes that our father and mother had inherited
us. Our life cannot be determined only by the genes that have been inherited by mom and dad. The
genes that we have inherited are only like a "starter pack" of our life. All of our genes are made up
of 23 pairs of chromosomes and are used to build our fundamental. However, these genes that we
inherited cannot fully determine who we all are fully. One ordinary little tiny seeds itself cannot
grow into a big strong tree all on its own. The seed is just the beginning of everything. As time goes
on, we will gradually become stronger and more powerful from our experiences. The experiences
that we gained will keep us steady from all the obstacles that we face in life. Our achievements will
gradually transform us into becoming who we are now. With time, we will experience many
different kinds of things, people, decision–making, situation, and etc.... These things will benefit us
to becoming our better selves. In this paper, we are going to analyze the character Tommy in Kazuo
Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go unfolding what makes us who we are through time tearing off our
"labels" and showing our true self.
In Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go, the novel starts with our narrator Kathy sitting before the end
of her life looking back at her childhood as a child in Hailsham, narrating her memories to us. The
novel surrounds the life of three characters: Kathy, Tommy, and Ruth, who are all clones.

Medicine And Control Of Drugs
Medicine and Control "100 people die from drug overdoses every day in the United States."(Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, December 12, 2011) this statistic is decently high, as it means
that for every one hundred thousand people in the United States, about twelve die per day due to
high doses of prescription painkillers. The method for controlling these substances varies from
extreme control to very lenient, allowing them to be misused, stolen, and in a rare case prescribed
unnecessarily. Usually, the system in place can protect people with good sensibilities, by making the
prescriptions require a refill as given by their doctor. However this does not stop all possibilities,
and can be a problem if the medications are stolen or lost, causing the patient to lack the drugs in an
emergency. The system can be improved upon, with more regular doctor visits, and policy changes
to how prescriptions are handled in general. The method by which a prescription medication is
acquired currently, is via a doctor request. A patient will visit a medical professional, who will then
review the patient's history and prescribe a medication depending on the ailment, whether it is pain,
nausea, or perhaps a lack of ability to focus on the subject at hand. After the initial visit it is up to
the patient to request a follow up with the doctor, unless their condition is more serious or requires a
stricter schedule.
While there are many different prescription drugs abused, the most

Argument For Coolmini
CONSENT FOR ZELTIQ COOLMINI®
CoolMini® is a cryolipolytic process used in adults to treat visible fat and affect the appearance of
lax tissue under the chin (submental area). CoolMini® procedure uses a non–invasive vacuum
applicator to draw in tissue and deliver controlled cooling at the surface of the skin to target and kill
fat cells. Then, the body eliminates dead cells over a period of weeks. This improves appearance by
helping you lose unwanted fat in your face and neck. Desired results may take more than one
treatment. The results are long–term but vary by individual. Submental fat bulges and laxity are
cosmetic issues that some people choose to treat; they do not require treatment. There are also many
other treatment options ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The procedure, as well as potential risks, benefits, have been fully explained. Common risks have
been discussed, but not all potential risks are covered, and there may be other risks that are possible
or unknown.
Any factor that impairs healing may increase the risk of complications or a poor outcome. Examples
of important risks include smoking, diabetes, immunocompromised conditions (e.g. steroid use),
and collagen vascular disease (e.g. lupus, scleroderma). I understand that I may be at increased risk
of complications if I have any risk factor that impairs healing.
I understand that this procedure is purely elective. I can decide not to allow it at any time. I also
understand that the results are not guaranteed, that outcomes are different with each individual, and
that multiple treatments may be necessary. I also understand that I will be responsible for any future
costs for treatments undertaken to improve, complete, or rectify the current

A Social Learning Approach For Prescription Drug Misuse...
A Social Learning Approach to Prescription Drug Misuse Among College Students takes a socio–
theoretical approach to prescription drug misuse (PDM) among college students in the US by
examining the issue through Aker's social learning theory (Watkins 2016). Watkins emphasizes the
legitimacy of the problem by citing relevant statics that illustrate how prescription drug misuse has
shifted from a minor trend to a growing public health issue (ibid). As well, there is evidence that
obtaining prescription drugs from peers correlated with a higher frequency of alcohol consumption
and substance use (ibid). It is necessary to examine this issue through a socio–theoretical lens, as the
paper makes case for how the social relations behind PDM give insight into patterns behind their
use (ibid). For example, Watkins notes a study that determined that drugs purchased illicitly
(unfamiliar source) are more likely to be misused compared to prescription drugs obtained for free
from a relative or peer (ibid).
Watkins examines PDM through Aker's 'Social Learning Theory', a theory that examines how
deviant behaviours are created through social feedback from ones environment (Deutschmann
2007;Watkins 2016). He justifies this as an apt theoretical approach for examining PDM among
college students, as the college lifestyle tends to replace one's family as the primary influencers of
one's behaviour (Watkins 2016). Overall, Watkins offers a comprehensive explanation of Aker's
socio–theoretical

The Rossafella Records Label (RRL)
The Rossafella Records Label (RRL) is an independent, multifaceted entertainment company that
aims to supply profitable; audio and visual entertainment, to a diverse, international consumer
group. Located in Bondi, Sydney RRL will capitalise on the growing entertainment market across
the country through the production and promotion of high quality entertainment. Most services
related to the mixing, engineering, and recording of music will be kept in house, which allows the
business to have maximum efficiency of its capital, also promoting the idea of a familiar aesthetic
associated with the label. To achieve these goals, The Record Label will engage in a expansive;
traditional and online marketing campaign to promote album sales, online sales ... Show more
This campaign will include the use of traditional print and media advertising as well as the Internet.
Direct advertising campaigns will be of significant importance to the Company as the RRL is
offering our programs a wide variety of musicians and sound artists. The CEO of RRL will act as
the initial artist and repertoire manager for the initial years of the business. In regards to promoting
artists' materials and music productions, the RRL will use many forms of promotion and distribution
to generate an audience for its independent genres. The business will produce tracks and music
videos simultaneously so that the business can generate as much exposure as possible for each artist.
The true goal of the business is to develop an ongoing distribution with a major record label so that
the business can shift its distribution capital risk to a third party. While this will decrease the
revenues in the business in the long run, Management feels that shifting the capital risk from
distribution to a third party outweighs the potential profit benefits in the future. In order to
accomplish this, the business must continually develop its track record for the next two to four

Essay on Adderall Addiction
Finals week remains a stressful time for college students. A student may have three to five tests in a
matter of four days. However, these tests, unlike most, can be worth up to twenty percent of a
semester grade. That is a great amount of pressure on a student. With about six hours of sleep a
night, eighteen hours of study never seems like enough. Then again, there may be a solution that
allows the student to focus on the study so eighteen hours is enough. Better yet, maybe sleep is
unnecessary. This is a reality for the 6.4 percent of college students that use unprescribed Adderall.
College students all over the country take Adderall everyday to improve performance in school.
College can be a challenge with endless papers, tests, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When a person that at the normal level takes the pill, extreme focus is achieved. However,
consequences that may include lack of creativity and health effects are added. Other symptoms of
drug use include loss of appetite, trouble with sleep, and overall illness (McLaughlin). More serious
side effects include high blood pressure (Jaffe). Adderall can also be harmful to the cardiovascular
system, which can lead to heart disease (Green).The use of this drug can affect the body in serious
ways for a person without a prescription. Despite the lethal side effects, Adderall is so widely
abused that there is a shortage of the drug.
According to a 2009 study, white students, Greek organization participation, students with low
grade point averages and students who attend competitive schools are the most likely to abuse
Adderall (Rabiner). In the same study at Duke University, about eighteen percent of students had
taken Adderall at least ten times within six months (Rabiner). In general, these are students that
procrastinate or have too much activity worked into their schedule. In a different study from the
New Yorker, results showed that users of Adderall were ten times more likely to have smoked
marijuana and twenty times more likely to use cocaine (Gillen). The students that take Adderall
want to improve poor grades or allow more time to study. A student can obtain Adderall easy. An
anonymous Quinnipiac student had said, "Saying Adderall is easy to get

A Brief Note On The Ethics Of Placebo
1. The Ethics of Placebo.
In medical field, it is quite interesting considering how the brain works and the power of mind
perception that can affect the overall body. In this case, placebos are examples that justify this.
Placebos are mainly given to a patient to ease the pain and to satisfy their desire of wanting to
receive a medical care or treatments or plainly just the desire of the doctor to help. Regarding to
whether patient should be informed or not, I think that informing a patient is not obligatory when
prescribing a placebo. Scientifically, it is proven that the use of placebo in treating some diseases
seems to work effectively with or without deception. Kaptchuk et al. (2010) reported that nearly
60% of patients with irritable bowel syndrome felt better after knowingly consuming placebos (in
the form of sugar pills) comparing to 35% of patients without such medication. But if we take an
insight look at the research, even though the patients know about the placebo, the researchers
however, also added that it has shown to promote or generate a self–healing processes related to
mind–body connection. This implicates that it might not be the placebo itself that cause such
placebo effects but how it is given in terms of addressing the message to the patients. In other
words, they implanted a suggestion to the patients that even though it is just a sugar pill but it is
proven to be useful that made patients became more convinced that it has the same effect as the
actual

Prescription Drug Promotion Essay
The Office of Prescription Drug Promotion (OPDP) of the U.S Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) has reviewed a print advertisement for the approved product LATISSE® (Bimatoprost
Opthalmic Solution 0.03%) in various pharmaceutical journals and magazines. This print
advertisement was found to have inadequate balance of benefit and risk information. As a result,
LATISSE® print advertisement was found to violate PhRMA Guiding Principles on Direct to
Consumer Advertisements About Prescription Medicines. It specifically violates the guideline
principle # 2, 10,11, 13, 14, 16. This print advertisement is concerning from a public health
perspective because it creates a misleading and misinformed impression about the safety and
approved indication for LATISSE® .
Background
Below are the indication and summary of the most serious and most common risks associated with
the use of LATISSE®.
According to its FDA–approved product labeling :
LATISSE® is a prostaglandin analog, indicated to treat hypotrichosis of the eyelashes by increasing
their growth including length, thickness and darkness.
Important limitations of Use:
Use in pediatric patients below the age of 16 years is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
LATISSE® solution should be used with caution in patients with active intraocular inflammation
(e.g., uveitis) because the inflammation may be exacerbated is required to be mentioned in the print
advertisement. Also, the direction that it is important to apply LATISSE® only to the skin of the
upper eyelid margin at the base of the eyelashes using the accompanying sterile applicators should
have been mentioned to inform the patients about the proper usage of the product. Such statements
raise considerable public health concerns and are particularly alarming when not informed in the

The Techniques Of A Good Design
A good design makes the document attractive and easier to read. This chapter describes some of the
techniques of document design that will make writing more appealing. Some of these techniques are
the choice of paper and print, the use of white space and the ways of formatting headings, lists and
graphs. First, one should use 81/2– x 11– inch, 24–pound, white or off–white paper for printout.
Also, using a good printer will give a professional appearance. In any case, it is important to select
appropriate size and font style for a document. Usually one should use 12 size fonts with Times
New Roman for business documents. In addition, one should use white spaces including margins
and the space between sections to give visual appeal. As a general guideline, a paper should have 1–
inch margin for all four sides except for first page, which should have a 2–inch margin. Moreover,
for any document that is single–spaced, it is better to use double space between paragraphs. Finally,
sloppiness in a document is unprofessional. Hence, one should always read a final hard copy, as it is
possible for printing error to appear on printed page but not on a computer screen. Next, formatting
makes paper attractive and easier to read. For a document longer than half page, it is good to use
headings. Heading makes paper less intimidating and provides readers a chance to pause and reflect
on what they have read. It also allows readers to preview the contents of a document by reading the
headings

Evergreen Management Essay
Problem Statement:
The main problem facing Evergreen management is how to make the promotion decision when the
best candidate, Charlie Pace, is taking the medication off–label Adderall to enhance his working
performance. Albert, a senior partner at Evergreen Investments, finds it difficult to make his final
personnel decision which is fair for both Charlie Pace and Daniel Faraday as well as benefit the
company in long term.
Objective and Goal:
The objective is to find the best candidate for the position of managing vice president of the
company. A fair personnel decision will help all employees to believe that they have equal
opportunities in working and rising to higher positions. Long term, the new manager will be able to
contribute and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, using Adderall and other cognitive– enhancing drugs in the workplace is a controversial
issue for many companies. Similar to taking off–label medicines in football games, many people
consider taking drugs in the workplace as an unethical action. If the management promote
employees who use Adderall to boost their working performance, it will be unfair for others who
only work by their natural abilities. In contrast, if the promotion is based on medicines usages, this
will violate employees' privacy. Besides the ethical issues, the management should also consider the
strategy issues in order to make a wise personnel decision. This means that the management should
be able to predict how the decision affects the company in the future. For example, although
Adderall and other cognitive–enhancing drugs can help people to feel stronger, more energetic and
exciting, their benefits will dissipate after a period of time. If the employees stop taking Adderall,
they might not maintain their working performance. As a result, their productivity might be
decreased, and the profit of the company will be negatively affected. Some people believe Adderall
may help them to improve their brainpower and concentration; however, others argue that they are
unhealthy and cause a lot of serious side effects. Users have to suffer unexpected negative effects of
this medicine and may

The Use Of Off-Label Drug Use In Pediatrics
Off–Label Drug Use in Pediatrics
Off–label means the medication is being used in a manner not specified in the FDA's approved
packaging label, or insert. Off–label prescribing occurs when a child receives a medication that has
not received FDA approval for the child's age or diagnosis, it occurs when the patients have
exhausted all other approved options, as may be the case with rare diseases or cancer. (WebMD, n.d)
Off–label prescription lack information on the medication safety, efficacy, and proper use in
children such as dosing and interactions and this has been associated with adverse drug events
(Bazzano, Mangione–Smith, Schonlau, Suttorp, & Brook, 2009)
The best clinical practice is still to use drugs with FDA indications when ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Prescribing a drug off–label may be necessary when no FDA–approved drug is available due to lack
of research. (Mayhew, 2009)
A lack of suitable formulations exacerbates these problems. Many medicines have a bitter taste,
which children may then refuse to take. Parents can worry about the health consequences of adding
a spoonful of sugar or including other additives to improve palatability. In other cases, prescribers
might need to measure a small fraction of an adult formulation and few package inserts offer
adequate information to guide dosing, which further increase the risk of error (Tomlin & Morris,
2009)
Strategies Use in Off–Label Medication Strategies to improve the off–label use and dosage of drugs
for infants to adolescences are to make providers aware of how dangerous prescribing these
medications can be. Ideally, children should receive drugs licensed for that age group. However,
relatively few medications have undergone clinical trials in children and prescribing unlicensed
medications is inevitable in many indications. Labeling medications properly with correct dosages
as well as labeling them for whom they should be used or may help as well. When an unlicensed
medicine is appropriate, health professionals should identify whether specials or imports are
available.
Off–label medicines may be appropriate if the patient requires urgent treatment, but are usually
subjected to limited quality assurance.

Medical Fraud
MEDICAL FRAUD
In this abstract, I will explain the specifics of my research and a detailed outline of my paper.
Understanding the topic of medical fraud and off labeling is important, especially for consumers
who participate in the use of prescription drugs. It is imperative to understand what your doctor is
prescribing and knowing the specific uses of said drug. Off labeling may occur and recognizing this
fact will only benefit a wise consumer and make them aware of the risks of using a drug that was
prescribed for a uses not on the label. This topic is especially important during the time of new
Healthcare reform. Although it seems like we should be able to trust our doctors and believe what
they tell us and the drugs they approve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While it would seem to be illegal to keep medical information from a patient, doctors are not
required to tell a patient that a drug is being used off label. (Findlaw, 2009)
A big example of what off labeling would be Aspirin, though not as seemingly harmful as other
drugs could be. While aspirin has been a common pain reliever for more than 100 years, in 1988
doctors began recommending its use in preventing heart attacks. Many drugs are found to remedy
ailments other than those they were originally intended to treat, and as prescription drug use has
soared, patients are increasingly taking them for off label purposes. (Findlaw, 2009)
With all of the off label drug use comes a lot of controversy as well. While it's understood that
prescribing a drug for off label use is not considered illegal, the debate lies within whether the
benefits outweigh the risk.
So what can be risky about off labeling? Doctors emphasize that off label prescribing has its place in
medical practice, but they also admit that using a drug off label can raise the risk of lawsuits should
a patient have unwanted or bad side effects. In The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Joel Frader,
MD states that "Off–label prescribing can expose patients to risky and ineffective treatments"
(Vucci, 2009). In his further opinion, Frader emphasizes that although some off–label therapies can
be beneficial and even lifesaving for some patients, in most cases, there is

Natural Label Remover Research Paper
Common Examples of a Natural Label Remover Tool Natural things are great. It is a wonderful
alternative we can have as we live our daily lives. It became a way we could reminisce how our
ancestors managed to live their day to day encounter only with natural stuffs. These days, their ways
seemed to be extinct. However, there are some natural things used these days. But, it takes you to
discover them even more because they are somehow modernized. A label remover tool is one of
them. It has a lot of options you can choose from in doing so. There are little known tricks in using
common items in removing labels. Find out more in the following. Washing it with water with dish
soap. You could use this in two ways. Preparing water with dish soap ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the appearance of oils, it has become a wonderful alternative in peeling off the label you see
on your product. It is important that you determine which kind of oil you have easier access with.
Knowing this would narrow down the choices you have to choose from. However, the most
common is the use of baby oil and cooking oil. Alcohol. You may see a lot of types of this in
varying percentages. Whatever kind you would like to choose, it always does the same superb job in
removing what you wanted to come off so badly. It could serve as a solution you could use in
solving the dilemma you have in making the label come off from the thing it sticks on. Vinegar. This
also has some kinds. However, it is important for you to understand that all of its types are good in
helping you out getting rid of the stubborn sticky side which usually was caused by the price sticker
placed by most stores. Using vinegar, especially the one called, the apple cider vinegar, it does a
great miracle in taking that stubborn paper off. Therefore, these are only a few of the common
examples you can use as tool for the removal of that annoying sticky label. With the knowledge of
these things, you shall be able to effectively take off the unwanted with ease. So, dont delay. Try it
now. Get ready to be

Dangers Of Off-Label Advertising
"Off–Label" Marketing
Introduction
Pharmaceutical companies are receiving negative allegations due to the "off–label" advertising of
drugs. The Federal and Drug Administration require strict regulations for the use of "off–label"
drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. "Off–label" practice of drugs are not prohibited, however,
promoting the drugs are illegal. The concern of effective treatment is weighing the benefits and risks
of "off–label" drugs for the best interest of the patient. In addition, companies who fail to comply
with the FDA regulations, face consequences such as costly fines as well as criminal issues.
Pharmaceutical companies often settle with the government, due to lack of proper procedures,
complying with public health agencies. Modifying the policies of pharmaceutical companies with a
different approach will limit the misuse of "off–label" drugs (Ghillyer, 2014). ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
"Off–label" drug promotion "Off–Label" drug prescribing is a common practice throughout the
medical field. "Off–label" drugs are FDA approved drugs for unapproved uses on the label. The
"off–label" drug prescribing is based on the physicians' judgement of the "off–label" drug that will
benefit the patient and not harm them. Conversely, "off–label" drug promotion is prohibited by the
FDA, in regards, to lack of scientific study on efficacy and safety. Additionally, pharmaceutical
manufacturers can only discuss the information on the label of the drug and anything other than that
is considered "off–label" promotion (Samolla,

E-Prescribing is an Incentive by the Centre for Medicare &...
E–Prescribing is an incentive by the Centre for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). It allows the
electronic transmission of prescriptions between qualified medical practitioners and physicians. The
aim of the program is to improve the drug prescription system by avoiding errors resulting from
handwritten prescriptions. The E–prescribing program runs on various standards. These standards
are spelt out and added in Part D of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and
Modernization Act 2003 (CMS, 2013).
The standards outline clearly the eligibility criteria for prescribing physicians and participating
pharmacies. The standards also inform participants on best practice in issues regarding refill
prescriptions, cancellation of prescriptions and changes in prescription among other things.
Moreover, the standards cover administrative guidelines regarding the operation of the system. The
standards also cover the drugs covered by the benefits program of the E–Prescribing system. There
is a standard on medical history that allows prescribers access information on drugs currently
available to the patient so as to guide them in the prescription service. Fill Status Notification is a
standard that allows prescribers follow up on the prescriptions status such as it's been picked up or
not (CMS, 2013). This standard serves to allow prescribers follow their patients' adherence to
prescriptions.
The E–Prescribing Program was developed on a timeline. In November, 2005, the initial

Off-Label Lawsuits In A Pharmaceutical Company
Ghillyer (2014), explains that how organizations are operated and controlled as corporate
governance. Pharmaceutical companies have been the focus of questionable conduct in regards to
corporate governance for years. Unlawful promotions and marketing of drugs as well as failure to
properly and accurately report safety date led to several off–label lawsuits (Ghillyer, 2014).
According to Ghillyer (2014), medications and drugs have many uses that are often not approved by
the Federal Drug Administration. In 2012 Abbott Laboratories were involved in a lawsuit related to
illegal marketing. The company promoted a medication to control and treat agitation, aggression,
and schizophrenia. The medication had only been approved for treatment of seizures, migraines, and
bipolar mania. GlaxoKline–Smith was also involved in a settlement regarding off–label promotions
for marketing Wellbutrin for weight loss, sexual dysfunction, substance addiction, and behavioral ...
It is a benefit versus risk gamble that these companies take. An example: marijuana is a plant that is
medically proven to reduce nausea. Long–term use has not been evaluated, and it is illegal in most
states. However, people continue to utilize it for its alleviating benefits despite the risk of not being
approved by the Federal Drug Administration. The Federal Drug Administration struggles to have
control over the legalization of marijuana. The battle of getting marijuana legalized for medical
purposes is a struggle that some states will continue to fight against the Federal Drug
Administration. The argument that has been made is that one may benefit from marijuana for
medical uses. Some patients have had beneficial results from marijuana, and they prefer to use the
drug instead of over the counter medication or treatment (Berg,

Off Label Research Essay
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approval process requires clinical
trials that demonstrate efficacy for a specific indication prior to market availability. Once approval
for an indication is given, however, the FDA has a minimal role in determining whether drugs are
prescribed for their approved uses or for other "off–label" indications not part of the FDA–approved
product labeling. Prior studies of off–label prescribing have typically been conducted in narrowly
defined clinical contexts, including psychiatric disorders,1,2 bacterial infections,3 in children2,4 as
well as in "orphan" clinical conditions not well served by FDA approved drugs.5,6 These studies
have demonstrated that off–label use is frequent in these clinical areas, that such uses arise from
diverse circumstances, and that there is substantial variation in the available evidence supporting
particular off–label uses. Notably, while raising some concerns about off–label use, the studies also
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although several drug classes, including anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antibiotics, were
associated with a higher frequency of off–label use, other drug characteristics such as manufacturer,
and annual sales levels did not predict the likelihood of off–label prescribing. While this study
highlighted the magnitude of off–label drug use in the absence of evidence regarding efficacy, it
made no attempt to define the level of concern associated with specific drugs. We sought to build
upon these studies to develop a systematic process for prioritizing future federally sponsored
research and policy initiatives regarding off–label drug use based on the concept of value of

Wilbur Unisex Research Paper
In a small, sleepy town in upstate New York, a devastating crime has been committed. Dr. Andreas
Poppy was known to be a bit of a lazy doctor when making house calls. He would leave a "pill and a
bill" and leave the rest up to fate. This earned him a few enemies along the way, but no one thought
that he would ever be kidnapped and used for his access to prescription drugs. When Wilbur Unisex
came upon the scene he was able to deduce that four men had been waiting to kidnap Dr. Poppy,
take him, his drugs, and his prescription pad, and make a break for the Canadian border. The
evidence in the room that Wilbur Unisex came upon points to four men as the culprits. First, the
shelves along the wall held items that would indicate four people had been using the cabin. There
were four sets of dishes and cups stacked on the shelves and there were large containers of food,
which would indicate that more than one person was using the cabin. Another piece of evidence that
suggest that four people were present was the arrangement of the room itself. There is evidence that
there were three men playing cards at the table. There were three hands set up around the table. ...
One can conclude that the men were from Canada from the coins they were using to gamble with.
They left behind several Canadian coins on the table, which is a clear indication that they men were
not from upstate New York. Another clue was left behind to tell police where they were planning on
taking Dr. Poppy. A small map with an "X" marking a spot in Canada was lying carelessly on the
floor by the door. There is also evidence that Dr. Poppy was taken, and not killed. Next to the map is
what appears to be tape and rope. This would suggest that the men bound the doctor and took him
with them on their trip back up to Canada. In Canada, the men hope to use Dr. Poppy to secure more
prescription

Loss of the Creature Outside Analysis Essay
People in society today have influences throughout their life that help structure and dictate their
thoughts. Choices are made based on these influences, and when these influences begin to take
shape as different labels, no real choices are made. People begin to compromise their right to think
on their own and instead turn to the most convenient choice. This is how a great deal of society has
acts today, choosing the easiest path just so that person can get a given task out of the way and
continue on with their life. These influences are frequently seen in politics today. People become so
wrapped up in political parties that they become more interested in who is running in which party,
instead of which candidate, at any level of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"He too could use an instructor and a book and a technique, but he would use them as subordinates,
just as he would the jackknife" (Percy 489). Percy conveys to the reader that the experts must not be
used to form and manipulate any experiences or ideas, but instead used as tools to help guide a
person as that person has a genuine experience or forms an idea of their own. Voters who do not
take the time to research candidate's specific views tend to assume that because they belong to a
particular party the candidate's views will align with the voter's view. If voters aren't paying
attention to specifically who they are voting for and instead voting out of convenience, they aren't
making their vote count and the candidate that the majority of the people share the most views with
might not be elected. Similarly to Walker Percy, John Berger stresses the importance of making your
own decisions not based on what others endorse; to do so will bring the power back to the people.
This comes with the implications that the people are not in complete control, and John Berger uses
mystification to show that the art critics are in control of the art world because they are making art
less accessible (Berger 103). According to the Campaign Finance Institute, out of a random sample
of 100 candidates that were elected to the House of Representatives, 20% of their

The Drug Of Prescription Drugs
As the NFL grows in infamy from their many concussion scandals, the misusing of prescription
drugs is overshadowed, but still remains as a major issue in the NFL. A huge problem facing the
NFL today is the ill advised use of painkillers as it affects former players and current players alike.
If nothing is done to stop this dilemma, players will continue to be affected by the accoutrements of
painkillers. Only through DEA investigations, increased restrictions on prescription drugs, and
increased monitoring of player's mental health, will we end the epidemic of the misuse of painkillers
in the NFL. Background of the Problem As NFL players continue their careers, they become
household names that people start to look up to as role models. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With injuries plaguing the NFL, team doctors are able to use drugs such as prescription painkillers
to allow players to play through pain. NFL team doctors are able to to receive and distribute illegal
painkillers with ease. In a Vice Sports article about the suppliers of the NFL's painkiller addiction,
Aaron Gordon states, "SportPharm,...from at least June of 2009 to June of 2010, illegally provided
prescription drugs to 81 team doctors across American college and professional sports" (Gordon,
2014, para. 2). Many NFL team doctors claim that they did not know about the illegal drugs and that
they only use these companies for their systems of business. Gordon expresses that in a U–T San
Diego report written by Michael Lipman, NFL teams are not only using SportPharm, an unlicensed
California Pharmacy, for their convenient tracking system, but for the buying of massive quantities
of painkillers. These painkillers end up in the hands of the players who have the potential of
misusing them from their intended use which can destroy their lives. One cause of professional
football player's painkiller addictions is that Doctors feel pushed to have the players continue
playing. Some doctors believe that if they do not load up their players with heavy drugs to be able to
play, they will be let go from their

Business Ethics
Business Research Ethics
"Ethics are norms or standards of behavior that guide moral and choices about our behavior and our
relationship with others" (Cooper & Schindler, 2011, p.). When a business conducts a research, the
business uses ethics to guarantee that no individual will be hurt or suffers from the consequences
from the research. When a business is planning a research, some of the ethics a business must
consider are to: protect the rights of the individual, follow the ethical standards, and to ensure that
the information that is acquire is ethical. The purpose of the research is not to allow any type of
physical harm, discomfort, pain, embarrassment, and the loss of privacy (Cooper & Schindler,
2011). According to "Copper ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without requiring drug companies to publish all of their safety data, these companies can submit
information that only provides only what seems to be positive data and hide the negative data.
"Pharmaceutical companies can manipulate their own trial data to manufacture good results"
(Benson, 2010).
In a legal case against Neurontin, Pfizer and Parke–Davis used some strategies to cover up some
unfavorable findings from their research. When their strategies were uncovered in 2008, Pfizer and
Parke–Davis detained reports where it proved that there was no evidence of the drug's efficacy, their
negative data was reinterpreted, and the grouping of negative and positive studies to counterbalance
the results. According to "Ramirez de Arellano" (2009), "In some cases, legitimate researchers saw
their findings rewritten and recast to, in the words of one of company's medical writer, to make [the
overall picture] sound better than it looks on the graphs." Pfizer and Parke–Davis were skewing
information on off–label uses of Neurontin. They manipulated their data to support their findings,
and failed to report any negative outcome from their findings. When pharmaceutical companies
skew or manipulate their findings on a drug, people who take Neurontin for off–label uses are
endangering their lives. The FDA does not approve Neurontin for off–label uses because Pfizer and
Parke–Davis cannot prove the

Writing Like A White Guy, By Jaswinder Bolina And George...
Authors often use literary devices and writing techniques in their works. During the past block, we
studied texts that exemplify the power of discourse. Each text uses the literary device and writing
technique of labels. Authors utilize labels to influence their readers' understanding and to construct
reality. Jaswinder Bolina and George Orwell adopt the technique of labels in their stories "Writing
like a White Guy," and "Politics and the English Language", respectively. Both authors incorporate
and discuss this device and its roles in literature and a reader's perception. Bolina, in his piece,
addresses how often times the writing style of an author is wrongly associated with the race of the
author, as readers associate incorrect labels about him and his writing. He elaborates on how
language, race, and poetry relate to each other in regards to an author and his writing style. Bolina is
an English writer who moved to the United States in 2002. A major influence for Bolina was his
father. His father originally immigrated to the United Kingdom from India in 1965, more
specifically Bolina Doaba, Punjab. His dream was to become a writer and a poet; however, his
father warned him that he would not be welcomed into the literary world with the name that he has.
On the other hand, Orwell argues that writers take advantage of their audiences and use writing
styles to deceive and sway opinions. Orwell highlights the ability of language to impact politics and
political beliefs to be

Adderall: A Growing Trend Among College Students Essay
Adderall: A Growing Trend Among College Students
Brian,* a 20–year–old Northeastern University student, carefully lays out his "stash" of blue pills on
a table one Sunday evening. As he organizes them into groups according to size and dosage, he
mentally runs through his class work and assignments for the week.
"A physics quiz on Tuesday," he says, eyes still fixed on the dozen or so blue pills on the table. "A
calc test on Friday and a lab due on Thursday."
Brian sinks back into his chair with a sigh of defeated enthusiasm. A weekend full of late night
socialization and early afternoon wake up calls has finally given way to the harsh realization of an
intense week of school work. As Brian prepares for Monday morning to rear its ... Show more
Research has indicated that 3–5% of the general population is afflicted with ADHD, with at least
one diagnosis in every classroom in America.
Adderall has emerged as the leading prescription medication to treat ADHD. Approved by the FDA
in 1996, Adderall prescriptions have grown in leaps and bounds, overtaking the once popular
medication Ritalin as the leader in treating ADHD. The number of prescriptions given for the drug
has skyrocketed in recent years, going from 200,000 in 2001, to 4.3 million in 2002, to 6.4 million
in 2003. The profit margins for Shire have reflected such growth. According to manufacturers,
Adderall brought in sales of $475.5 million in 2003, a 49% increase from its 2002 earning and a
number that looks to continue to rise. The success of Adderall motivated Shire to extend their patent
on its production until the year 2018. It also produced the birth of a new, more improved form of
Adderall. Adderall XR has the same desired effects of its early counterpart, but is unique in that it
contains two types of drug beads designed to give double–pulsed delivery of amphetamines,
intensifying the effect and sustaining it over longer periods. While more and more doctors and
parents are turning to Adderall and Adderall XR as an effective treatment for ADHD, the drug has
found a comfortable niche among the college subculture.
The National Institute of Health

The Legal And Ethical Implications Associated With...
I aim to explain the drug development process, to explore the legal and ethical implications
associated with wrongful off–label prescribing, and provide my recommendations for reform of the
pharmaceutical industry. I will consistently refer to the GlaxoSmithKline case to display the
maleficent inner workings of the multinational pharmaceutical company. Glaxo was involved in the
biggest health care fraud settlement in U.S. history for introducing and encouraging physicians to
off–label prescribe their patients six misbranded drugs, Paxil, Wellbutrin, Advair, Lamictal, Avandia
and Zofran. Kickbacks were paid to physicians that prescribed those drugs but also for the drugs
Imitrex, Flovent, Lotronex, and Valtrex. Glaxo also failed to report safety data to the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for Avandia, a diabetes drug. I find this issue to be so important because I
hope to pursue a career in health law. My health policy major and relevant coursework ignited my
interest in the legal issues strewn throughout our health care system. The United States
Pharmacopoeia (USP) was established to set the standards for the manufacture, nomenclature,
indications, and chemical characteristics of drugs and continues to do so today. In 1938, the Pure
Food and Drug Act created the FDA, to ensure the, "safety, efficacy, and appropriate labeling and
advertising of pharmaceutical products before approving them for sale" (Blum, 2002). Prescription
drugs are developed and both pre–clinical and

Sample Case Conceptualization And Nursing Case Study Patricia
Patricia is an 84–year–old female who is diagnosed with metastatic colon cancer (C18.9). She also
suffers from anemia. Patricia underwent a right hemicolectomy and a partial omentectomy, with
noted bulky adenopathy at the base of the mesentery again, this proved to be moderately
differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucinous features with venous, lymphatic and perineural
invasion present. 22/32 lymph nodes were involved with cancer, margins were negative,
pathologically this was a T3 N2b cancer. Patricia was treated with 5–FU and leucovorin but still
experienced disease progression, with adverse side effects and found to have metastasis to the liver
and bone which is KRAS and NRAS wild type. Patricia is currently on Erbitux weekly. She is
malaise,

Does The Form Ask All To Determine What The Client's...
Does the form ask all of the necessary questions to determine what the client's presenting problem
is? The form has a question that asks what the problem(s) are that the person is seeking help for and
includes 3 numbered lines for the response. However, this is not adequate to determine what the
client's presenting problems are. This format assumes that the client is fully aware of the problems
presented and that the client can articulate the problems easily and in a limited space. There is not
enough room to adequately describe the presenting problem or problems and not enough prompting
questions to uncover the problems if the client has a difficult time articulating them.
Are there too many or too few questions? The form has too many ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The population in the area the organization serves is overwhelmingly English speaking and there is
no indication on the organization's website that there is any bilingual staff available. It does not
appear that the organization intends to serve anyone that is not English speaking. For this reason, a
form that is available solely in English seems appropriate. If there are individuals in the area that are
monolingual in a language other than English, interpretation services would be needed.
Is there enough space to write in what is needed in each answer space? There is not enough space to
write in what is needed to provide an adequate response in each answer space. The font is small and
there are no spaces between questions in many areas of the form. The length of blank lines provided
for answers is determined by how close the last word of the question is to the end of the page and
does not appear to be based on the amount of space needed to adequately answer the question.
Should the intake form be reformatted so it is easier to read? The intake form should be reformatted
so it is easier to read. The font is small and there are no spaces between questions in most areas.
This makes the form look overwhelming at first glance. If someone was vision impaired, it would be
difficult to see the questions. In some areas the layout of the form makes it easy to lose your place
when answering questions. This is especially apparent in the areas requesting

Illegal Off Label Promotion Is Personal Choice Of Actions
CLAIM THREE
Illegal off–label promotion is personal choice of actions.
Thinking about the responsibility for illegal off–label promotion, question of the chain of command
pops out. Who initiates that type of campaigns and actions? Sometimes it's company's established
strategy; sometimes it's sales force's desire to reach the quota. What happens when company's ideas
confront with common sense and legal responsibilities of the employees? Do they really have a
choice?
Lynn A. Morrison was medical sales representative at pharmaceutical company B. Braun for almost
10 years when suddenly she was fired on April 2, 2007. Morrison was promoting pain control
medication in Michigan's hospitals. In her decade practice she repeatedly was prompted by the
company to promote off–labeled usage of the products. She reported several times to her supervisor
that she wouldn't follow their lead and get involved into unlawful marketing campaigns. The first
time she acknowledged her discomfort with off–label promotion to her supervisor in January 2000.
Later on, in November 2000 she got a warning for her objections on the training by the regional
manager. In the next six years, Morrison occasionally faced the off–label promotion motivations but
wasn't overwhelmed by them. Until the situation in the early 2006 when Morrison refused to adjust
the pricing for one of the clients and reported situation to Compliance Department. After that
incident, Morrison got few complaints from the customers about

Drug Use Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Essay
Introduction Studies indicate as many as 34% of students at institutions of higher education in the
United States of America have used Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) stimulants
illegally (Desantis and Hane par. 5). This alarmingly high number begs the questions: Are these
drugs dangerous? Do people think that it is acceptable to use neuroenhancers? More interestingly,
though, could these drugs potentially academically benefit their consumers in an academic
environment? Adderall is a drug used to increase the focus and concentration of someone with a
mental disorder such as ADHD. Although illegal, these drugs are often used without a prescription
by students. At one American university, 6.9% of students had admitted to using Adderall at least
once in college (Desantis and Hane par. 4). This same study found that 81% of participants think
that illegal use of Adderall is "'not dangerous at all' or only 'slightly dangerous'" and 0 of the 175
participants admitted to the knowledge that stimulants posed a significant health risk (Desantis and
Hane par. 6) There is evidence from one study that these drugs can increase cognitive abilities, but
there have been no conclusive studies that examined the negative side–effects of these drugs when
used for non–medical reasons (Lucke, Bell, Partridge, and Hall par. 10). This suggests that
neuroenhancing drugs could be used for the betterment of society. If effective, these drugs have the
potential to increase efficiency in

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Quit Smoking Headline