The Green Book Analysis

The Green Book Analysis
The Troubles are the most well–known and studied cases of Ethnic terrorism in the modern age. The
war between the Protestant majority and the sizable Catholic minority in Northern Ireland was
centuries old, but the Troubles as they are called lasted about 100 years and some argue still
continue today in a lesser form. The Protestants fought to keep their majority and remain part of
Protestant England; while the Catholics wished to cede from what they viewed as Protestant rulers
and join the Irish Republic. However, while this conflict heated up in Northern Ireland the British
decided to intervene by sending troops into the torn community. At first this was welcomed by
Catholic moderates, but soon British practices were viewed through the ... Show more content on
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Due to all these external factors including the presence of British troops and an us vs. them
mentality all legitimized collective violence. "...their acts are often considered retaliation or
rebellion against repression rather than acts of random violence."(Byman, 154). They were
defending themselves and their people by killing the enemy not another human. No other story
better showcases this then the story of Billy Giles a Protestant boy who was pushed to commit
physical violence to avenge the death of a woman who he did not even personally know. A
Protestant woman was killed by the IRA, and in response Billy, "...wanted to see people killed over
it."(Taylor, 4). So Billy killed a random man just because he was Catholic and even though he
regretted it later in life at the time he justified it as a you kill one of ours we will kill some of yours
manner. Collective violence was in defense of the group and against an enemy that was seen as not
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Essay about The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA)
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was formed in 1969. The Official IRA declared a
cease–fire in the summer of 1972, and subsequently the term IRA began being used for the
organization that developed from the 'Provisional' IRA. Organized into small, tightly knit cells under
the leadership of the Army Council the IRA has remained largely unchanged. It is difficult to know
the exact number of IRA members because of the political and economic persecution that comes
with publicly endorsing the IRA. It is estimated that there are several hundred members, plus several
thousand sympathizers, but the IRA's strength may have been affected by operatives leaving the
organization to join hard–line splinter groups.
The Provisional IRA was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The IRA declared a cease–fire on July 19, 1997 to become effective July 20. At the end of August,
the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland announced her finding that the cease–fire was being
observed, allowing Sinn Fein, the political party closely identified with the IRA, entry into
negotiations on Northern Ireland's political future. The July 20 cease–fire ended a 17–month
terrorism campaign and led to the opening of inclusive political talks in September. Following the
cease–fire there was a marked decrease of sectarian violence but not a total cessation. Police believe
that paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland were responsible for 22 deaths, 251 shootings, and 78
bombings during 1997 (http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/ira.htm). Both republican and loyalist
paramilitary groups continued to engage in vigilante attacks, although there was a decrease in the
number of such incidents even before the July cease–fire.
In August 1998 the IRA claimed responsibility for a car bomb which killed 28 and injured 220 in the
Northern Irish Town of Omagh. The bombing was the worst terrorist activity in nearly three decades
for Ireland. While claiming responsibility for the blast an IRA representative anonymously told an
Irish newspaper "Despite media reports, it was not our intention at any time to kill any civilians. It
was a commercial target, part of the ongoing war against the Brits. We offer our apologies to the
civilians,"

The Real Irish Republican Army
RIRA: Description of group The Real Irish Republican Army (RIRA) is a splinter group of the Irish
Republican Army (IRA) that uses sabotage, subversion, and guerilla warfare to express its
opposition to the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. This agreement basically recognized
that the majority of the people within Northern Ireland wished to remain a part of the United
Kingdom. It also recognized that a large section of the people of Northern Ireland, and the majority
of the people of the continent of Ireland wanted a united Ireland. For the most part, the Good Friday
Agreement brought an end to the struggle between unionists and nationalists during the "Troubles"
(an unconventional war spanning from 1968–1998 in Northern Ireland between British security
forces, republican and loyalist paramilitaries, and civil rights groups). To understand how the RIRA
came to be, you have to know a little about the history of the IRA. Specifically, on how the members
regarded violence as a means to a unified Ireland without British involvement. "In December 1969,
the IRA divided into "Official" and "Provisional" wings. Both factions were committed to a united
Irish republic, but the Officials eschewed violence after 1972, whereas the Provisionals, or "Provos,"
carried out various attacks and assassinations, attempting to compel the British Army to withdraw
from Northern Ireland. In the wake of the Bloody Sunday shootings by the British military in
January 1972, the Provos' ranks

Irish Republican Army: B Specials Analysis
In response to the Irish republican Army, what is now Northern Ireland established the Ulster
Special Constabulary or "B Specials". Starting in 1920, the Ulster Special Constabulary (USC)
played a significant role in the unification and eventual founding of Northern Ireland. With a
combination of various groups ranging from illegal to legal actions, the formation of Northern
Ireland was shaped to have a unique and violent history until 21st century. Constantly looked at as
the "Ulster problem" by all those around, policies and actions made by the North and the USC were
greatly influenced by the attitudes surrounding this new nation. The Ulster Special Constabulary
(USC) was a paramilitary group responsible for riots and killings towards the

Analysis Of Punishment By Seamus Heaney
In Heaney's "Punishment", his poem remarks specifically on the case of a young bog person, known
as the Windeby girl, and its barbarous nature and the connection to many of the atrocities that were
carried out upon Catholic girls at the time. The Windeby girl was an archaeological find in Germany
in 1952; she was said to be an adulteress, and she was shaved, "blindfolded and drowned in the bog"
(Lange). The Windeby girl was said to be found next to her "lover", although this is speculated.
Heaney is known by some as an "archaeologist" because of his poems which integrate the rich
history of his country but also the events as in "Punishment". The speaker of the poem, Heaney
himself, writes with empathy and sorrow for the young girl who was brutally violated for a crime
directed toward her gender. He places himself as a witness, identifying with her torture, but
confessing that he was just that, a witness. Yet, he says that although he is "outraged" by the
punishment carried out upon the women, he "understand[s] the exact and tribal, intimate revenge"
(Stallworthy). This phrase tips the morality scale of the author and makes the reader wonder how the
speaker, or Seamus Heaney, could "understand" a brutality such as this? Or rather, does Seamus
Heaney's understanding actually mean that he could not expect any less from the men of the Irish
Republican Army, who committed these heinous acts? While this question may be left up to
interpretation, the message still runs clear:

The Real Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Óglaigh na hÉireann or the "dissident" Irish Republican Army, also known as the Real Irish
Republican Army (RIRA) and associated with the Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA), the
Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), and the New Irish republican Army (NIRA) broke away
from the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in November 1997. The IRA called a cease–fire with the
British government and Loyalists, which the RIRA wanted nothing do with. The RIRA is dedicated
to ensure the removal of Great Britain from North Ireland and to unify all of Ireland. They are a
small, tightly knit, and well–organized, powerful group. Operating out of North Ireland, the Irish
Republic, Great Britain, and other parts of Europe the RIRA has several hundreds of members ...
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This means Americans are giving them financial aid, support, and weapons because they believe in
the RIRA's cause. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) tracks and monitors the RIRA's
goings–on and even infiltrated them back in 1992 with a confidential informant (CI). The CI's
testimony in court led to the conviction of the RIRA's then leader, on charges of directing terrorism
in the 1998 bombing in Omagh that killed 29 people. After the 1998 bombing the RIRA went on a
cease–fire, but began operating once again in 2000. In 2001, the United States added the group to
the Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) list. "The US State Department has officially designated
the Irish dissident republican group the Real IRA, as a foreign terrorist organisation. This means the
group, which has been blamed for bomb attacks in Northern Ireland – including the 1998 Omagh
bombing – and mainland Britain, will have any assets it has in America frozen." (BBC, 2001). Our
greatest technique to thwart further actions from the Real Irish Republican Army is for our agencies
to remain on guard and vigilant, and to keep their American assets

Seamus Heaney Research Paper
Seamus Heaney life through writing
Seamus Heaney once said, "even if the hopes you started out with are dashed, hope has to be
maintained" (Heaney). In his poems he writes about a sense of hope, he never let go of even through
all the low moments of his life are constantly present. In all of his work there is an aspect of
idealism he inputs to express his ideas clearly. He used his influential platform to transform the lives
of Irish youth and give them a purpose. Poet Seamus Heaney used his real life experiences as
inspiration for his poetry about war, personal recollection, and his express is ideology on religion.
Seamus Heaney born April 13, 1939, son of Patrick Heaney and Margaret Kathleen McCann.
Seamus was the first born on his family ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those who have read him consider Heaney to be the most influential Irish poet, and that his talent is
unparalleled with any other poet of his generation. One critic writes, " Heaney was never challenged
to excel beyond his great achievements, when he clearly had phenomenal talent" (Catholic Herald).
Through his poems you can see his life story and how he was shaped as a writer. In every poem
there's a window to his life you can open and peer into his life. He leaves a vivid tale through his
work all you have to do is venture into his writing. Seamus Heaney helped influence the lives of
everyone who has ever read his

Irish Republican Army Analysis
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) will remain a threat to the regional stability of Ireland and
England. Ireland's significance to the United States can be seen through Irish immigration, the role
of Irish Americans in politics, and their military contributions throughout the history of the country.
Additionally, the conflict in Ireland is of great concern to England. England is a key ally of the
United States with strong economic and military ties. According to the United States Census Bureau,
36.9 million Americans claimed Irish ancestry in 2009 (Bureau, 2011). This has the potential to have
the American public sympathize with the IRA which could lead to friction between both the United
States and Great Britain.
In the next one to five years

Essay Examining the Irish Republican Army
Examining the Irish Republican Army Throughout history mass movements have contributed to
changing the face of the world. Some most notable are that of the Bolsheviks and the Nazis. These
movements and others like them have emerged as a result of the mistreatment of people, to preserve
a group of people or propagate an idea or view. No matter the reason behind the start of the group,
they all have one goal; the end result of every mass movement is to bring change. The mass
movement that will be discussed is the Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the IRA. The
catalyst that caused its formation, a specific identification and analysis of the membership and the
societal, religious, cultural, political, and national effect it had ... Show more content on
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Beyond that, the goal of the Irish Volunteers was to "Secure and maintain the rights and liberties
common to the whole people of Ireland." In fact, this goal was similar, if not the same, only worded
differently to the Irish Republican Army. Beyond that, they were also established to enforce the
imminent Home Rule Devolution. Act. Now, these Volunteers were formed in response to the
formation of the Ulster Volunteer in 1913. The Ulster Volunteers were founded by Protestant
Unionists in the north. Indeed, their goal was to stop the enactment of the Home Rule Devolution.
Act. Incidentally, the Ulster Volunteers were mainly against the Irish Volunteers because they
consisted of Catholics that wanted to be independent from British rule. Meanwhile, the Ulster
Volunteers wanted to stay under British rule (Irish Volunteers).
In brief, the Irish Volunteers exist to help keep the liberties and rights common to all people of
Ireland by enforcing the Home Rule Devolution. Act that the Ulster Volunteers were fighting to
abolish. However, during the events of the Easter Rising, the Irish Volunteers were forced to
disband. After their end, Michael Collins and a few other remnants took up the mantle and
rebranded themselves the IRA. At first glance, it would seem as though the IRA only exists because
of the disbanding of the Irish Volunteers. What is more is that they were members of the Volunteers
continuing on their goals.
In order for any

Essay about Conflict in Northern Ireland
Conflict in Northern Ireland
For over three decades there has been conflict in Ireland. The disagreement between the
Republicans/Nationalist and Loyalist/unionists sill continues to this day. The key issue remains
should the North stay part of the United Kingdom with its own developed assembly or should it join
the south as part of a united and independent Ireland?
Ireland is a small country and has a population of 1.5 million. Yet despite this small number, the
north and south of Ireland have been in bitter conflict with each other which has been going on for
decades. This is mainly due to the main difference in the beliefs of the people. The two main groups
in Ireland are the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The three main political groups for the nationalists are the SDLP (Social Democrats and Labour
party), Sinn Fein and IRA (Irish republican army).
The IRA is an extreme paramilitary group which beliefs that peace can only be obtained by violence
and killing. This group has mainly been responsible for the killing of thousands of civilians. This
group believes that the only way to stop British presence in Ireland and get their views across is to
use force and aggression. After the Peace process of 1998 a small splinter group known as the 'Real
IRA' was made. These were members of the IRA which were opposed to the Good Friday agreement
and so split and formed there own group.
Sinn Fein is one of the political parties that agree with the use of violence and what the IRA do. This
group however does not get involved in the killing but elects candidates such as Gerry Adams to
represent and put forward there views on what they believe to be right.
The other main Nationalist party is the SDLP. Their main objective is also to have a united Ireland
however unlike the other two groups it is fiercely opposed to violence and believe it is not the best
way to reach an agreement. These moderate nationalists also want an independent Ireland, therefore
they support the aims of the hard–line nationalists but they are opposed to the way they go about
this. The hard–line nationalists use violence and

Continuity Irish Republican Army
The Continuity Irish Republican Army operates in Northern Ireland where it is currently under the
control of United Kingdom. The CIRA are a splinter group from the larger Provincial Irish
Republican Army (PIRA). The CIRA has been recognized as a splinter faction off of the real Irish
Republican Army ever since the middle of the 1980's (Mueller, 2015). The group has not been
conducting attacks in recent years because they do not have many members. The CIRA is thought to
have committed the attack that took place in 1987, where eleven people were killed in the Northern
Ireland town called Enniskillen (Fletcher, 2008, para. 7).
Groups Objectives
The CIRA's main objective is to rid Northern Ireland of British influence. According to Pike, (2004)
"Continuity refers to the groups belief that it is carrying on the original IRA goal of forcing the
British out of Northern Ireland". The reason they are able to commit attacks is because of the
amount of support that they received from various places. The CIRA are known to get funding and
weapons from supporters in the United States. They have also received weapons and materials from
the real IRA operating out of the Balkans (Pike, 2004). The amount of members that an organization
has does not disqualify it for being labeled as a terrorist organization by the United States. The
CIRA were recognized as a terrorist group by the United States on July 13th 2004 by the
Department of State (Pike, 2004).
Tactics, Techniques and Procedures
The

Bloody Sunday By U2
Sunday 30th of January 1972 was the day all of Ireland ran red with blood, the day of the 'Bogside
Massacre'! 'Sunday Bloody Sunday' by U2 is written about the events of the 'Bogside Massacre' or
'Bloody Sunday' as it is more commonly known.
'Bloody Sunday' happened on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, a town in Northern
Ireland. British Soldiers from the 1st Battalion Parachute Regiment, also known as 1PARA, shot 26
unarmed civilians, 14 were killed. Many victims were shot fleeing from the fighting or trying to help
the wounded. Bono and The Edge wrote this song to stop things like this ever happening again.
The members of U2 wrote 'Sunday Bloody Sunday' with specific people in mind:
The

Irish Republican Army Essay
Irish independence has been fought for a long time ever since the British occupied Ireland in 1172.
The King of England invaded and controlled Ireland. The invasion led to religious and territorial
conflicts. There was an effort to create a church comparable to the Church of England in the 1500s.
Catholics who live in Ireland were against the idea and a conflict for independence has emerged
(Arena & Arrigo, 2004). The suppression of Irish nationalism by the British in the 20th century led
to the creation of martyrs for the cause led by the Irish Republican Army (Combs, 2011).
The alleged origin of the Irish Republican Army could be traced back to the Easter Rising of 1916
(Alonso, 2001; Arena & Arrigo, 2004; Filardo–Llamas, 2013; Hart, 1997; Page & Smith, 2000).
Radical nationalists, who were part of a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), took
the opportunity to take up arms against the British during the war in Europe (Filardo–Llamas, 2013).
The Irish Republican Brotherhood was the precursor of the modern IRA. They were a secret society
who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The campaign had ultimately led to the creation of the Act of Ireland of 1920. This created a
twenty–six county Irish Free State and six counties in Northern Ireland (Filardo–Llamas, 2013;
White, 1989). This act also allowed Northern Ireland to choose whether or not to stay with Britain or
become part of the Free State. Northern Ireland ultimately decided to stay with the United Kingdom
and Northern Ireland created its own parliament in Stormont in Belfast (Bosi, 2012; Filardo–
Llamas, 2013). The Free State was mostly inhabited by Catholics while Northern Ireland was
populated mostly by Protestants (White, 1989). But the road to have a Free State did come at a
price. Over 7,500 people lost their lives or were wounded between 1917 and 1923. Many lost their
homes, family and friends (Hart,

Character Analysis Of Briody In The Novel Empire Rising
Briody, one of the many dynamic characters in the book Empire Rising, is a hard–working member
of the Irish Republican Army, the IRA, with his best friend Danny Casey. At the beginning of the
book, he is a spy for the IRA and had infiltrated the British army, posing to be a British soldier.
When his cover is blown and many of his coworkers and friends die, he flees to America with
Danny Casey and planned to work as an assassin and a gun runner as he was working on the Empire
State building as a cover–up. However, he soon realizes that the war efforts are essentially pointless
because the war is over. He loves his job as an ironworker, and therefore fully embraces it. He soon
meets Grace, Farrell's girlfriend, and they both fall in love with each other.While the IRA still call
on him to do jobs, Briody is forced with many dilemmas in which his sense of loyalty gets him into
trouble. For Briody, his loyalty leads to his death and a multitude of problems throughout the novel.
As well as loyalty, he demonstrates his courageous personality throughout the book. He is also
courageous, especially when it comes to Grace's safety.For an example, on pages 366 to 370, he
charged into Farrell's house to rescue Grace from her imprisonment. While running from the house,
"he heard the crack of pistol fire so he aligned himself behind Grace to block her from any bullets"
showing Briody would do anything to keep her from danger (369). Apart from being loyal and
courageous, he is

The 1913 Lockout, 1916 Rising, the Treaty of 1921 and the...
The 1913 Lockout, 1916 Rising, the Treaty of 1921 and the Causes of the Civil War, 1922
John Redmond became the leader of the Home rule party when the English election was a draw.
Neither the conservatives nor liberals got a majority. Redmond and the home rule party now held the
balance of power. The leader of the liberals, Asquith, promised Redmond in 1910 that Ireland would
have home rule by 1914. Redmond accepted. The unionists refused to accept and decided to fight
against it.
They got 2 great leaders, Edward Carson and James Craig. They monster demonstrations they had
were the only demonstration ever were 90% of their population turned out. They signed the "Ulster
solemn league and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Out of the 200,000 Irish Volunteers that joined the British army, 60,000 died. Not all of the Irish
Volunteers joined the British army. The 11,000 that refused became known as the Sinn Fèin
volunteers. The 1916 rebellion came from this group. Eoin Mc Neill was the leader but he didn't
want to start a rebellion. But the I.R.B. secretly had members in these volunteers and another secret
group called "Cabal" had members in the I.R.B. It was this group who organised the 1916 rising
without telling anyone. Cabal was made up of Sean Mc Dermott and Tom Clarke. They recruited 5
more members; Padraig Pearse, James Connolly, Tom Mc Donagh, Eamon Ceannt and James
Plunkett. These were the seven organisers and leaders of the rebellion.
Padraig Pearse was a school teacher, poet, writer and Catholic. He set up his own school in
Rathfarnham. He put forward the "Blood sacrifice theory". He got this theory from his 2 heroes;
Jesus Christ and Cù Chulainn who both died for their causes. The theory was that you are to die for
your cause, that victory wasn't important but you must spill your blood on Irish soil to disinfect it
from the British. He believed that your blood would cleanse your country from the English.
Another of the recruited leaders, James Connolly, was Scottish. He was self educated and had joined
the British army were he was transferred to

Irish Republican Army: A Narrative Analysis
Hybrid threat adaptation process is not a new way of evolving in warfare. It has been used since the
dawn of warfare. When a smaller, less advanced force must take on a larger, more advanced force, it
must change or evolve. Just as in life, evolution is inevitable or extinction will be the end result.
Throughout history you can see evidence of this. From the Ismaili Assassins to the Irish Republican
Army (IRA); terrorist, insurgents, and organized crime have had to adapt to their superior
adversaries. Some of these actors have had success with their adaptations while others have fell to
the way side. The Ismaili's adapted their tactics of assassinations to strike fear into their opponents.
They started with small rouses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During WWII, the "Irregulars" sought after assistance from Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regime. Once
the Nazi's were unable to help any further and the withdrawal of Ireland from the British
Commonwealth in 1949, the IRA started to use religion as a catalyst to re–invigorate their cause,
pitting Roman Catholic against Protestants. After years of fighting, the IRA had an evolution or
adaptation. They split into two factions, the "Officials", part of the political party Sinn Fein and the
"Provisionals" or "Provos". The Officials used politics to fight the Brits. While the Provos believed
that violence was the only means to get the job done. They used bombings, assassinations, and
ambushes in their campaign for freedom. The Provos later evolved into cells to deter infiltration
from the British. For years they brought the fight to the British in Northern Ireland and England.
The Provos then evolved again into organized crime. They were involved in extortion, racketeering,
and arms dealing. Evolution or adaptation was a major part of why the IRA was able to keep the
fight going for as long as they did against a much wealthier, well equipped adversary. They were
able to make natural adaptations by both IRA parties and the Provos made direct adaptations to their
tactics and operational structure through the

The Sniper Character Analysis
When I was in first grade I went to Michigan Adventures, which is a theme park with lots of rides.
My friend and I went on most of all the rides. After that my friend wanted to go on Shivering
Timbers, a tall wooden coaster, it's highest point being 122 feet. We got in line and I was very
nervous, so my friend asked me multiple times if I was fine with going, and for some reason I said
yes every time, but I was frightened on the inside and I did not want to go. By the time I wanted to
tell him I didn't want to ride it, I was already on the ride. First we went up, then back down
continuously until we turned and did the same thing going back until it stopped. After, I was happy I
rode the ride, and I felt accomplished. This shows bravery because I was risking what felt like my
life due to me being scared of the roller coaster. Bravery is doing something other people might not,
which is what I did because people scared of roller coasters wouldn't ride on them. This trait is also
relevant to the main characters in the books "The Sniper" by Liam O'Flaherty whose main character
is known as the IRA Sniper or Irish Republic Army sniper, and Michael from The Eye of Minds by
James Dashner, who is a hacker in a virtual world who is hunting down a "cyber– terrorist." The
characters Michael and the IRA Sniper are both brave because they are willing to risk their lives for
the greater good. Michael from The Eye of Minds is brave due to risking his life in multiple
occasions. An example

Why Conflict Is Northern Ireland Be Important Today?
Why does conflict in Northern Ireland continue to be important today? Not since the 100 years' war
has a conflict had such a storied history; many people often try to determine a specific cause for the
on–going violence in Northern Ireland today. However, there is a variety of catalysts; such as the
atrocities of Bloody Sunday, the Good Friday Agreement and other events that have played a role in
the hostilities that have scarred Irelands land and people. It is often argued that the beginning of
hostilities in Ireland were as a result of the 'Battle of the Boyne.' In July 1690, James II was the King
of England. However, his Catholicism was unpopular with his mainly protestant subjects in England
as they feel that it threatened their heritage and religious values. In an act of mutiny, they replaced
James as King with his son in law, William of Orange. Determined to regain his throne, James
ventured to Ireland to gain support from the Catholic residents in Ireland. Initially, things went well
for James as he conquered most of the protestant areas in Ireland. By the time he reached
Londonderry the city fell with little resistance. However, at the last moment the Thirteen Apprentice
Boys prohibited James access to the city. This delayed James in his attempt to gain support and
granted William enough time to ready his troops, come to Ireland and Defeat James. It was the
beginning of the struggles between both Catholics and Protestants. In celebration of

Personal Review : Nothing Personal : Movie Review
Austin Bartlett
Professor Diehl
November 12, 2017
Nothing Personal Movie Review
Nothing Personal is set in Belfast during the "Troubles", shortly after the 1975 cease–fire between
the Protestant Irish Republican Army, the Catholic Ulster Volunteer Force, and the peacekeeping
British government. The film focuses on the perspectives of Kenny, a vigilante Protestant, and Liam,
a family–man and Catholic. A ceasefire agreement between the UVF and the IRA is brokered. After
the ceasefire, Kenny and his right hand, Ginger, continue to commit acts of violence on behalf of the
community's UVF leader, while, simultaneously Liam sets out to defend his home from a growing
riot. After the riot, Liam is badly injured and seeks shelter in the home of Kenny's Protestant ex–
wife, while Kenny continues to meet with other loyalists at his bar and roam the streets in search of
Catholics to attack. Eventually, Kenny finds Liam on the streets, kidnaps him, and eventually sets
him free because they were childhood friends, but, to enforce the ceasefire the UVF leader has
called in the location of Kenny, and the British army executes him and his gang members. One
important aspect in the creation of an ethnic conflict is a group's justifications and reasoning behind
engaging with another group in a violent conflict. Therefore, the focus of the paper is going to be on
how these justifications for violence were initially formed, and how they continue despite some
efforts to curb it. One of the

The Irish Republican Army
After the first world war the leaders of europe came together to discuss the boundaries of europe.
British rule decided to separate ireland into two sides. North Ireland was created when the british
government of Ireland Act in 1920 divided Ireland into two areas; the Irish Free State and the
Northern Ireland Roman Catholics, who made up around one–third of the population of Northern
Ireland, were largely opposed to the separation. The British took over , but only after many revolts
and riots against them from the people of ireland. In 1969 the IRA (Irish Republican Army) was
formed. They were a Catholic Irish nationalist group that used guerrilla tactics like bombings and
assassinations to oppose British rule and oppression in Ireland. Their main goal was to fight the
british that took over their home. The IRA would Fight using guerilla and terrorist tactics including
bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, punishment beatings, extortion, smuggling, and robberies.
But over time the IRA became more of a dangerous militia then patriots defending their home. IRA
activities have included bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, punishment beatings, extortion,
smuggling, and robberies and just overall killing. the group had operated bombing campaigns on
various targets in North Ireland and Britain, including senior British officials, civilians, police, and
British military targets. The IRA is believed to continue to conduct paramilitary operations. The IRA
were not just

Gerry Adams Research Paper
Gerry Adams and The IRA
The Irish Republican Army started in Northern Ireland to protect and fight for the rights of the
catholic citizens there. Ireland was conquered in 1607 by England, this brought protestant
immigrants from England and Scotland. The Protestants quickly came to be the majority of the
population. In the 1920s the island was partitioned and Catholics in the north felt that they had been
removed from their political heritage. The Protestants felt like they were losing out on resources and
wanted to keep control of the north. Neither side was satisfied and problems continued.
Over time there came to be ethnic controversy between the Catholic and Protestant groups. The
Catholic people were not able to get the same ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This day will forever be remembered as Bloody Sunday. Bloody Sunday brought the catholic people
together and brought about militant actions from the IRA. It was huge help in the propaganda war
for the IRA. The whole world had seem what had happened and support for the IRA increased
dramatically. There were so many people wanting to join IRA some had to be turned away. The
British lost a lot of power in Northern Ireland and excepted all responsibility for what happened
Gerry Adams is now the president of Sinn Fein which is an Irish nationalist political party. He was
born on October 6, 1948 in west Belfast, Northern Ireland. In his earlier years he grew up as part of
a working–class catholic minority that suffered social and economic discrimination. Adams finished
his schooling in the 1960's. After this he became strongly involved in civil rights movements and
decided to become politically active by joining Sinn Fein. Due to Adams involvement with anti
government demonstrations he was interned without trial for many years throughout the 1970's. He
was elected to a seat in the British Parliament, but never took his seat due to the requirement of
swearing alegience to the Queen. He became president of Sinn Fein in 1983 and has held the
position since. In 1984 Gerry Adams was severely wounded when some one tried to assassinate him.
He recovered and continued on with his actions. He has never admitted to being a member of the

The Civil Rights Movements in Ireland and America Essay
Fall Road is deserted. Only a few dirt–caked, barefoot, Irishmen can be seen shivering in the
adjacent park. We walk past the Catholic neighborhoods knowing, at any moment, buildings might
explode and automatic weapon fire could lacerate the air on every side of us. Belfast is charming,
apart from the harsh reality of guerrilla warfare and terrorism being common occurrences. For the
first time, throughout my three month tour of seventeen different European countries, I feel truly
threatened. The tension carries itself into a nearby pub where an old man asks "Are you jus daft? Or
do ya have relatives here?" His words hinted at my grandfather's blunt, yet kindly, expression
concerning his birthplace in N. Ireland, "If you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
England stole much of
Ireland's homeland and gave it to the Protestants allies from Scotland. Earlier this century, England
divided Ireland into two, claiming the six northernmost counties as its own. The large number of
Protestants, who remain loyal to the
Crown of England, have created a system of oppression similar to the Jim Crow laws of the US.
Oppression and second–class citizenship have limited the
Catholics of N. Irelands opportunities and taken many lives. A Civil Rights movement was the only
logical step. But first, we must discuss what lead up to this logical step–the history. In January 1919,
the Anglo–Irish War began with the first shots being fired at Solobeghead. Over the next year, the
Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC–
British Loyalists) became the target of a Sinn Fein (The beginning roots of the
IRA) terror campaign By mid–1919, the IRB (Irish Republican Brotherhood–Part of
Sinn Fein) had infiltrated the leadership of the Volunteers (Irish Militia) and were directing its pace
on the violence. In an effort to assert control of the group, Volunteers declared the Army of the Irish
Republic. Britain responded with violence. Special forces were sent over to impose curfews and
martial law on the Irish. These forces became known as the Black and
Tans after a popular Limerick hunt group, and because of their dark green and khaki uniforms.
Another force of veterans from the Great War, called the
Auxiliaries, joined them.

Ireland: The Irish Republican Army (IRA)
The complex situation escalated and became a warfare between many political actors. After the
signing of the Anglo Irish treaty of 1921 the very nationalist union of Ireland was joined and the
very unionist area of Ireland remained with the six counties part of the United Kingdom.
In 1968, the Northern Ireland parliament had been dominated by unionists for over fifty years. Its
attempts to solve social and political ills, such as institutional discrimination against Catholics, were
too slow for nationalists and republicans and too quick for many unionists. This gave rise to
growing tension and violence between the two communities (www.bbc.co.uk). It included an armed
insurgency against the state some forms of the Catholic or nationalist population, which mainly were
the Irish Republican Army (IRA), though it also included other republican factions, with the idea
focused on creating a united independent Ireland (Dorney, 2015). The Ira were in constant battle
with forces of the state. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was manifested in inter–communal rioting, house burning and expulsion of minorities from
rival areas as well as lethal violence including shooting and bombing (Dorney, 2015). Many smaller
paramilitary groups formed such as the Ulster Defense Association and the Ulster Volunteer Force
and though aims were to stop the violence against the state it only fuelled an attack to many catholic
people and great tragedy struck for both sides with many casualties in the

Analysis Of Cal By Bernard Mclaverty
In "Cal", by Bernard MacLaverty, the author tells a story about a young Irish man named Cal
McLuskey and how he became involved with a racketeering group within the Irish Republican
Army (IRA). The story is told in the 1980's as the government and the people collide in Northern
Ireland. Cal's life is not easy as he struggles to find his way through life during social conflicts and
what he thinks is best for his life. At the age of 19, he was working with his father in a
slaughterhouse; however, this work makes him sick and he chooses another path in life that will
change his destiny forever. These choices cannot always be undone and repaired as Cal soon finds
out. At a young age he finds himself being looked down upon by his father as his father wants him
to make better life choices. But because of the choices he has made causes strife in the home that he
cannot remedy. Cal, our protagonist, for the most part is lazy and he wastes his day away smoking.
One day an old school friend named Crilly asks Cal to drive a car during a robbery for the IRA. The
robbery goes bad and Crilly ends up shooting a policeman named Robert Morton. This is where
choices made by Cal continue to spiral out of control. He is now tied to being an accomplice to this
crime with the IRA and he begins to receive threatening letters after the murder. Cal somehow
continues on as if nothing will happen and appears that he does not understand the ramification of
his actions. He does not turn

Essay on The Irish Republican Army Ideology
The Irish Republican Army Ideology
The Irish Republican Army ideology is still living in Northern Ireland, nearly a century after the
organization's establishment. Although the IRA has since disbanded, the spirit is kept alive by a
number of splinter factions, including the Provisional, Continuity, and Real IRAs. Not many
terrorist organizations can maintain a campaign this extensive in time. The long history of the IRA
campaign of terror leads to many political, social, religious, educational and economic effects. It
also contributes to international problems about which we may only be able to speculate.
The most violent splinter group from the Provisional IRA is named the Real Irish ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The group predominantly participates in bombings, especially car bombs; however, the U.S.
Department of State says they have also been involved in robberies and assassinations. Their targets
include the police in Northern Ireland, Protestant communities in Northern Ireland, the British
military, and civilians, according to the State Department. There is a good deal of conflicting
information regarding the number of attacks committed by the Real IRA. According to the MIPT
Terrorism Knowledge Base, the rIRA have participated in 29 total incidents, while the State
Department says that there have been more than 80 attacks since 1999. Another report stated that the
rIRA was responsible for nine terrorist attacks in 1998 alone, including its most deadly (Melaugh).
The most effective attack by the Real IRA occurred on August 15, 1998 in Omagh, Northern Ireland.
On that day 29 people were killed and around 220 were wounded. Among the dead was a woman
who was 8 months pregnant with twins. A false warning was issued 30 minutes before the bomb
went off to Ulster Television in Belfast. Law enforcement officials moved people away from the
location of the warning, only to have moved them closer to the actual location, causing even more
injury (Omagh). The public was so outraged with the bombing that the Real IRA announced they
were ceasing all "military operations,"

Criminal Law Assessment Of Donnelly V Dunn Essay
Criminal Law Assessment
In the case of Donnelly v Dunn in 2015, two appellants were convicted in the sheriff court for
contravening section 1 of the Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications
(Scotland) Act 2012, whereby it criminalises, inter alia, the social issue of sectarianism at regulated
football matches. This case raises the question of whether the appellants had their 'right to know'
infringed after being criminally liable for their actions. The comment will consider this point in
depth and whether the 2012 Act is clear about what it criminalises.
A. The Facts
In this instance, two appellants were charged with singing a song called "The Roll of Honour" on
19th October 2013 at Easter Road stadium during a Celtic and Hibernian match. This particular song
has lyrics which "proclaim support for members of the Irish Republican Army and the Irish National
Liberation Army." Both the IRA and the INLA are proscribed terrorist groups. Some lyrics of the
song were, "England you're a monster. Don't think that you have won. We will never be defeated
while Ireland has such sons." At the scene, one of the police officers who is fully trained in dealing
with occurrence of violence at football stated that she was clear of the meaning of the song and that
it was extremely offensive. Even after warnings were broadcast before the match about sectarianism,
the two appellants were found to be singing the song very heartily and triumphantly. The appellants

Character Analysis Of Tough Tommy Touhey
In Empire Rising by Thomas Kelly, Tough Tommy Touhey was enjoying wealth that much of New
York City envied during the Great Depression, as he was the biggest racketeer in the Bronx and
longtime friend of Johnny Farrell, an important figure in Tammany Hall. Touhey was a well known
criminal and sympathizer to the Irish Republican cause, selling the Irish Republican Army guns and
providing their men with daytime jobs. After many years of prosperity, Touhey's reign hit a patch of
turbulence when an Italian mobster known as the Dago began to move in on his territory, looking to
usurp his title as the most powerful crime lord in the Bronx. To make matters worse, Touhey's friend
and partner Johnny Farrell was beginning to have doubts about their partnership, wondering if he
should support the Dago instead. Once things heated up between Touhey and the Dago, Touhey
faked his own death and escaped to San Francisco. In Empire Rising, Tough Tommy Touhey serves
as the main vehicle by which the underlying message of "the consequences of the choices we make
and the allegiances we keep" is conveyed. Tough Tommy Touhey's main personality traits, such as
his propensity for violence, craftiness, and admiration for loyalty, help reveal the ramifications of
his actions and allegiances. One of Touhey's most defining qualities is his natural inclination toward
violence, as can be seen by Farrell noting that "when it came to physical violence Touhey had no
peer. He was the kind of street

What Was The Impact Of The First World War On Ireland
Kate Kelly, 13455112.
What effect did the First World War have on the emergence of Australia and Ireland as independent
nation states?
The First World War was a crucial episode in the history of both modern Australia and modern
Ireland. Today, we will look at how both Australia and Ireland each responded to the outbreak of this
war, and at some of the battles in which these nations fought. We will examine the impact that the
First World War had upon both Australian and Irish society at the time, and their progress towards
independent nationhood. In Australia, we will primarily focus on the political and industrial turmoil,
and in Ireland, we will focus on rebellion and the advance of separatist nationalism.
In Australia, the outbreak of the war was met with much enthusiasm, best seen in the response of the
Australian Prime Minister ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The post–war period saw unprecedented levels of demands for Ireland's agricultural and industrial
produce, as continuing shortages of food and demand for consumer goods stimulated the market.
The volatile and violent political context of the period caused economic hardship in many rural
areas, with restrictions on travel and on markets imposed by the security forces. More seriously,
there was a vicious and costly policy adopted by the security forces of burning down co–operative
creameries in retaliation for attacks on police or troops in nationalist strongholds, with the hope that
economic attacks like these would undermine support for the nationalists. Additionally, the partition
of Ireland between two antagonistic governments separated the most industrial region of the country
from the more agricultural–based areas of the south and west. The War of Independence also caused
immense damage to the economy and transport infrastructure, leaving the costly task of creating
stability and rebuilding. Again, the war had a significantly negative impact on the Irish

The Shadow Of A Gunman
The Shadow of a Gunman by Sean O 'Casey
In nineteen twenty–three, Sean O 'Casey released a book of three plays all of which were performed
at the prestigious Abbey Theater. "Three Dublin Plays", was broken down into exactly that, three
plays; The Shadow of a Gunman, Juno and the Paycock, and The Plough and the Stars. Of those
three, I chose to examine The Shadow of a Gunman. This was the very first of the three plays to be
accepted into Abbey Theater and is set in May of 1920. The author himself, Sean O 'Casey, was a
huge supporter of the patriotism flowing through Ireland. Originally born John O 'Casey, his named
was changed once he felt the nationalism taking over the country, and decided himself to learning
the Irish language. In The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One last point that I believe will tie everything together by the end is that of romanticism in relation
to nationalism. Although these themes sound similar they each have their own distinct differences,
and I believe intertwined is what made this play great and gave the audience something to gravitate
to because it was relatable in their own lives, and soon enough it will be explained just how. In the
Second Act, Davoren 's roommate Seumas Shield 's makes a comment in reference to the war that is
continuing to rage on: "The country is gone mad...It 's the civilians that suffer...Shot in the back to
save the British Empire, an ' shot in the breast to save the soul of Ireland (Pg. 40)" Shield 's
continues on past this line on his belief that this battle for nationalism is a much more dangerous
environment for the average citizen than it is for the forces actually fighting. The shot in the back by
the British obviously is illustrating the ill–fated relationship between the two sides, as the British do
not care about the Irish and who they are, referring to them British as cowards for shooting behind
them. As for the breast shot to save Ireland, it is important he notes the shot in the breast, right in the
chest. The opposite position of the shot shows how even right in front of you, you can still be killed
by your own people "to save
Ireland". This connection shows Shield 's more of a cynical view of nationalism, as seen in Irish

Just War Theory Of The Provisional Irish Republican Army...
IRA and Just War theory From 1969 until 1997, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) was
engaged in warfare against both British forces in Northern Ireland and the Irish who remained loyal
to them. Known for their extremist tactics and labeled as terrorists, the IRA used shootouts,
bombings and assassinations in Northern Ireland and in Britain as a means to resist the British
occupation of Ireland. While inflicting violence, the IRA killed both soldiers actively in battle, but
they also killed many civilians. Although the IRA took great strides to decrease civilian casualties,
the extent to which it actually cared was questionable. This paper will focus on specific IRA attacks
and whether they uphold the Just War principles. The IRA's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The IRA blew up his boat, but two boys also died in the blast. The IRA accomplished its goal of
capturing the attention of Britain, as one of their own was assassinated. This assassination,
according to Michael Ignatieff's book The Lesser Evil, was out of line and unjust. Ignatieff argues
assassinations/named killings are to be the justified lesser evil under certain criteria. It can only be
carried out if it is against a terrorist who is actively engaging against a democratic state, and it has to
meet these criteria: where less violent options (arrest or capture) would endanger fellow combatants
or non–combatants, information exists that the terrorist is planning to attack, or where all
precautions are taken to minimize collateral damage. The assassination of Lord Mountbatten did not
meet these criteria. He was not a terrorist openly engaged against a democratic state, though the IRA
could argue his country was at war with them and assassinations could therefore, be carried out.
Although he was not a terrorist, his assassination was exercised for a calculated political effect. His
boat was close to Northern Ireland, so he must have known the risks. Based on the criteria from
above, the assassination was not a last resort; it was an attempt to grab Britain's attention. Also,
there was no information indicating Lord Mountbatten was planning to attack the IRA. Although the

Irish Republican Army Research Paper
The IRA or ( Irish Republican Army ) is an organization that is Catholics and they are wanting
freedom from the rule of England in Ireland. The IRA is small and deadly "shadow" paramilitary
organization based in Ireland that is trying to fight back against England. Since 1969 there have
been over 3,500 deaths under British rule. The majority of the deaths have been civilians. The
British should not have control over Ireland.
The Irish Republican Army is an Irish Army that is trying overthrow their government and become a
free and rule themselves. They is also the Ireland Army, also known as MRF (the Military Reaction
Force ). This group is more like a special operation force that fights back against the British
government. The british government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The group of Catholics guerrillas are the ones who want to force the British out of their little town
Ulster many where slider but they pushed on and they win their little town back from the british
forces. The British soldiers was still trying to keep control of Ireland though they need food and
resources but the Irish Republican Army would not let them get them because the irish people was
to strong. They also learned how to farm better and to produce more for so that they would not have
to rely on the british no longer and also better sustain their self without needing other countries help.
The group of Catholics guerrillas have since planted several small bombs in both the province and
they have also and mainland Britain

Core Values Of Conflict : The Wind That Shakes The Barley...
Core Values in Conflict
Each human in the world has a set of values around which one bases their actions and opinions on.
These sets of values vary from person to person. My core values are family, friends, and education.
The only negative aspect of my values is that they tend to be in conflict with each other often. There
are days where I have to choose between friends and family or education, and it is often a tough
decision to make. In life, everyone has to make decisions on whether one value is more important
than another, and characters in stories and plays have those decisions to make as well. Damien in
The Wind That Shakes the Barley and Wanda in The Legend both have conflicting values based on
the situations they find themselves in. In Stanislaw Wyspaniaki's The Legend, Wanda was the
adopted daughter of King Krak, who passes away during the first act. She, being the only heir to the
throne that is still alive, now has to deal with all of the problems. While Krak is dying, the Germans
are also invading the castle because the German prince wants to marry Wanda, but she declined and
so they decided to take over Poland. When Smiech tells her that that the Germans are very close and
will take her, she responds by saying, "Silence, I will plunge this knife into my chest before then,
rather than have to love them" (Wyspianki, 30). She clearly says that she would rather die than get
married to the German prince. After Krak dies, she begins to weep over his dead body.

What Are The Causes Of The Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) was created after the 1916 Easter Uprising in Dublin. But the
conflict could be traced back even further. In 1172, the king of England invaded Ireland and
controlled it. As a result of this invasion, the religious and territorial conflicts started. In the 1500s,
there was an attempt to create a church similar to the Church of England. Catholics opposed of this
idea so the conflict involved independence as well (Arena & Arrigo, 2004).
The 1916 Easter uprising in Dublin was the spark which ignited and created the Irish Republican
Army (Alonso, 2001; Arena & Arrigo, 2004; Hart, 1997; Page & Smith, 2000). In 1916, several
republicans took up arms against the British. The British fought back and killed the rebel

Song, Zombie, by Dolores O’Riordan, American Mind and...
Zombie"
The song "Zombie" written by Dolores O'Riordan effectively describes the post–colonial theory, in
its subsections; issues on power dynamics, economic issues, and political issues to portray that
people's conscience cannot be silenced. O'Riordan composed "Zombie" after the bomb blast in
Cheshire Ireland during 1993, which killed two innocent children. The bomb was caused by the Irish
Republican Army, most commonly known as the IRA which is a militant group that formed in 1916.
O'Riordan recorded the song in an effort to stop the war between the IRA and British. Since the
1600s the British have ruled Ireland, and they have used Ireland for their own economic needs.
British used the Irish slave trade to torture the Irish and generate cheap labour. The harsh standards
of the British lead to the formation of the IRA whom fought out for independence. Due to the selfish
economic needs of the British the IRA have had to fight for their independence. This signifies that
even though the British have ruled the Irish for hundreds of years, the conscience of the Irish have
not been silenced. This is because the Irish have been conscience of the British ruling, however due
to the power that the British withhold; the Irish people could not do anything. In 1916 there was
hope for the Irish because the IRA would gain independence for the Irish by fighting against the
British. However the war went on for too long with no change. O'Riordan sings, "Same old theme
since

Essay on The Easter Uprising of 1916
The Easter Uprising of 1916
The Easter Uprising of 1916 was an event that happened at the tail end of a long list of events that
would forever change Ireland. The Uprising or Rising, as some call it, took place mostly in Dublin
but was felt throughout Ireland. The point was to gain independence from Great Britain who had
ruled Ireland for the past couple hundred years. At the turn of the 19th century England believed that
Ireland had too much independence and made the Act of Union. "The result was the Act of Union of
1801: the Irish parliament voted itself out of existence and England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
were formally politically unified for the first time" (Hegarty 2). Around the time of the First World
War, Ireland began ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Irish were promised the Home Rule Act, but it was taken away at the start of the Ester Uprising.
"This modest promise was swept away the Easter Uprising of 1916, when a small band of rebels
paralyzed the city and the Irish Republic was proclaimed from the steps of the GPO" (Hegarty).
Padhraic Pearse led about 2000 people into the Easter Revolution, only a small fraction of the
people that had lived in Dublin at the time. Most of the Irish were involved in World War I. "They
had little support – many Irish volunteers had joined the war effort and the rebels were perceived to
be traitors to the great cause" (Hegarty). It would take more violence and rebellion against the
British to bring attention to their cause both locally and abroad.
The Easter Rising led to the arrests of approximately 3500 people. Although more than half were
released after they were questioned; many received unfair trials or no trial at all. When the news
broke to the Irish public about the treatment of the rebels, they also found out that there were 15
fifteen secret executions, of the leaders of the Uprising. The tables began to turn away from the War
to the aid of the rebels as the truth came out. "The seven signatories of the proclamation of
independence ( Pearse, Connolly, Clarke, MacDonagh, MacDermott, Plunkett, and Ceannt) were all
executed to the outrage of the Irish

Essay On Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army is any of several armed movements in Ireland in the 20th and 21st
centuries dedicated to Irish republicanism, the belief that all of Ireland should be an independent
republic. It was also characterized by the belief that political violence was necessary to achieve that
goal.
The first known use of the term "Irish Republican Army" occurred in the Fenian raids on Canada in
the 1860s. The original Irish Republican Army formed by 1917 from those Irish Volunteers who
refused to enlist in the British Army during World War I, members of the Irish Citizen Army and
others. During the Irish War of Independence it was the army of the Irish Republic, declared by Dáil
Éireann in 1919. Some Irish people dispute the claims of more recently created organizations that
insist that they are the only legitimate descendants of the original IRA, often referred to as the "Old
IRA".
The playwright and former IRA member ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They left and formed the Democratic Left. Ultimately, the Democratic Left merged into the Labour
Party.
In 1969, the more traditionalist republican members split off into the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin.
The Provisional IRA operated mostly in Northern Ireland, using violence against the Royal Ulster
Constabulary and the British Army, and British institutions and economic targets. They also killed
members of the Irish Army and the Garda Síochána, which was against one of their standing orders.
A further split occurred in 1986, when the former leader of Sinn Féin Ruairí Ó Brádaigh – who was
replaced by Gerry Adams in 1983 – walked out of the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis after delegates voted to
end the policy of abstentionism to Dáil Éireann. The followers of Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, who adhere to
republican legitimism, and opposing Sinn Féin's decision to abandon abstentionism, set up a rival
party and military wing, called Republican Sinn Féin and the Continuity

Similarities And Differences Between The Blitz And II
6
2.3 Comparison
2.3.1 Differences between The Blitz and IRA attacks
Both of these events seem very different an the first look as they took place in very different
situations in the history of London, even though the real time gap between them isn't that huge
compared to the overall past of the British capital.
They were very distinct in many aspects for example the reason the final intention and the way they
happened. That's not surprising as one of them was a real war, country against country, while the
other one was a terroristic organization against the government.
However both events, The Blitz and the IRA attacks had one important thing in common: Both
wanted to frighten the citizens of London.
To reach their goal and show what their capable of the Germans during the Blitz as well as the Irish
Republican Army killed innocent civilians. The idea behind that was to break the moral of the
normal population, which would force the Government to change plans to protect their ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally to many other propaganda instruments, the Ministry also decided to print posters that
could be put up everywhere in Britain. Three posters where finally approved, one of them being the
now famous "KEEP CALM AND CARRY ON" poster. However at the start of WW2, only the
posters with the inscriptions "YOUR COURAGE YOUR CHEERFULNESS YOUR RESOLUTION
WILL BRING US VICTORY" and "FREEDOME IS PERIL DEFEND IT WITH ALL YOUR
MIGHT" where put up as they where seen more suitable for the bombing campaign of the Germans.
The third only was meant to be put up when the Germans invaded the mainland of Britain. The
simple message in a clear font combined with the royal colour and the crown save the last bit of
British moral. The Invasion never took place, which led to the posters not being used and ultimately
most of them ending destroyed after the

Guest Of Nation By Frank O Connor
Student's name
Professor
Course
Date
"Guest of Nation" –The imprisoned Guest The short story portrays how two Englishmen who were
held by the Irish Republic Army as captives. This story is divided into four sections; every section
addresses a different tone. In the first paragraph of the story 'Guest of Nation' captors become
friends and the lines of duty, humanitarianism and sympathy are blurred. However, even though
these lines become blurred in the end hostages remain hostages and captors remain, captors, as both
men are killed. This death leaves behind mixed emotions in two of the men and a sense of duty and
pride within the other. The first paragraph also talks about the good and friendly relationship
enjoyed by the English prisoners. The last two lines describe the nauseating effect the killing of the
two men brought to the Irishmen (O Connor1, 10).
In "Guest of Nation" by Frank O Connor, the main characters are Belcher and Hawkins who are
prisoners, Bonaparte, the narrator; Nobel is soldier Jeremiah Donovan. He is the officer in charge
and the old woman. In summary, Guest of Nation is set against the background of the Irish War of
Independence in Ireland. Two British soldiers are being held captive by Irish Republican Army
soldiers. The scene is set on a rural farm where there are banter and a sense of camaraderie between
the men (O Connor1, 10). This is evident as the story shows various arguments about politics and
religion and the playing of

Social Contract : The American Revolution, And The Irish...
Throughout history, man and government have had a social contract that has been agreed upon.
Philosophers throughout history have debated what the social contract is defined as and whether it
was right for a citizen or government to break this contract. Multifarious revolutions in history
related to the American Revolution, Bolshevik revolution, and the Irish revolution these groups of
people fought for what they believed their natural rights were. Either party can break a social
contract between a government and it is sovereign when they believe their rights are infringed upon.
A government 's role in the social contract subsists to protect the rights of their people and the
citizen's responsibility is to allow the government to protect their rights without oppressing them.
The government and its citizens should break the social contract that is agreed upon if the majority
society feels that their government is oppressing them.
The American revolutionary's were a minority who wanted to become liberated from a government
they felt their divine right were being infringed upon. So they believed that they had a right to revolt
over their government breaking the social contract with their philosophical beliefs lean towards
Locke they decided to revolt against their government. The government was not protecting the rights
of their colonist's for example taxing them without their representation in the government. This
event is considered a tipping point for he revolutionaries,

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