2. DEFINING FMP
For my final major production I was initially going to carry on with the same production that I was doing last year. This
was a horror film that was called ‘Lost in communication’. This was inspired from my project the year before. So it
would have been a three year way evolution. However I decide to scrap this idea because I've grown up more and I fell
like the plot was very generic. I wanted to take more experimental route and play around more with I’ve learnt. I
wanted to completely do something that wasn’t just a short film like all my other projects. Film based project is the
best way for me to go because its what It’s what I'm at my best at. Decided in the summer of last year that I wanted to
write a book. Not originally I was hesitant to make this part of my FMP. I had settled with the doing other ideas for my
project. Most of them linked in with what it was I was going to for my project. When I was trying to figure out which
one I was effectively my best at. I kept going back and forth from it being comedy and horror. I decided that I would
then move onto filming something for the book I’m making because my biggest dream one day is for it to be made
into a film and this is a good way upon establishing how the characters may look different on screen to their book
counterparts. Originally I was going to focus more on something a lot more different to what I usually do. Looking at
the Sci-fi genre and seeing if I could come up with anything there. However I felt like I would need a bigger budget for
that and that I didn’t have enough creative ideas for me to make one. With Sci-fi you have to be totally original or else
it can look rather cheap and come across as a comedy. If in the terminology that’s used in the dialogue doesn’t come
across like it’s being said in an original sense as if it’s someone acting and not appearing as the character. So I settled
with doing something for my book. The ways I'm going to the promote this product have not yet been fully developed.
A poster would be good but I can also me developing a few posters and maybe some original music through
SoundCloud. Overall I will be doing a film based project that has been adapted from a book I’ve been writing but that
3. RESEARCH INTENTIONS
The main areas in which I intend to research are the focuses on directors. Each different director has their own
chosen themes and styles. This can be set through connections of continuity with the actors/actresses being
friends with the directors or having a running gag throughout the films. Though it is never anything too obvious
like re-used dialogue or characters because that would break the fourth wall of the universe because then the
films would be regarded as being part of the series. Through creating your own sense of style with the films. That
makes you as a director or creator a lot more unique. My aim is to research these directors and find out they did
do. What worked so well with their films? I hope to take any areas which I seem to fit to most and find incredibly
intuitive. This will be incredibly helpful when it comes down to my experiments because having researched a
particular technique and deciding on that being what I want to do. I can then test it on my experiments because it
will all be relatively new but I will still sill know what to do . From a post production whether it’s colour correction
or cinematography. I will know the software and the ways in which I can test out these experiments. However if
it’s research into a prop or a particular location that will fit in the style that I want to achieve then I will have to
research into it more and find a way around it.
4. ELEMENTS OF FILM THEORY
Shots
This can consist of a variety of different shots. Such as extreme close up’s, wide shots, or long shots etc.
POV shots
Everything holds a meaning. For instance a long shot is placed in a scene to indicate the surroundings of the character. a close up shot can also be placed into a scene show that you can
truly see the emotion that's held in the characters face. It’s the closest the viewer and the character can be. Which cancels out everything else that has happening in that scene. Long shots
can also evoke emotions sometimes too. It can show how isolated and lonely a character is when he/she is left alone.
Dutch angle
Zoom in and out
Dolly , crane shots
Mis-En-Scene
A French term meaning for what is out into the scene or frame.
Visual information in front of the camera. Communicates essential information to the audience.
Two focuses are the design and composition. Design focuses on characters look, props, costume, lighting, makeup, set and locations. Composition focuses more on the organisation of
objects and each object is valanced out within the frame.
The psychology of the character can be shown if the framing looks different and unnatural to how it usually looks.
Sound
There are two sound focuses that are places into a scene. Dialect and non-dialect. Dialect is the sound effects that are added naturally in the scene. That can be dialogue or an action that has
been through action. Non-dialect is when the sound effects are added during post production and usually SFX. This is often done through foley sounds and edited in during editing. So that
the sound effect fits into the shots that are on film.
My film will mostly of dialect. Non dialect can make the scene more alive. As the sound of everything that is going on can intensified. I will use non-dialect though depending on the scene
that is being filmed. When the wind is affecting the dialogue it would have to be re-filmed anyway but non dialect sounds can be added during editing if it interferes with anything that’s not
dialogue in the scene.
5. TYPES OF FILM
Formalism
Camera angles movie rapidly from high and low angles
Moving camera can put the empathize on the object as its not always stood still and gives the scene a whole different energy
Sets and backgrounds are personified to be characters themselves and draw attention to the viewer just as much as the characters
Lighting doesn’t just cover subtle ambient colours. The colours can be bold, extravagant and be metaphors to how the character is feeling.
A lot of POV shots included. This allows access for the viewer to be put through the subject’s experience.
Stylisation is part of the show
Focuses on the technical elements of a film such as lighting, scoring, sound set design, use of colour, shot composition and editing.
There are ideological interpretations that relate to formalism. Classic Hollywood cinema: continuity editing, massive coverage, three point lighting, “mood music” and dissolves. Film noir another
one which features lower production values, darker images, under lighting, location shooting and general nihilism. This due to the fact of the war/post-war time in which a lot of filmmakers were
depressed.
Classical
Similar to realism
No SFX. All kept to a minimal standard
Everything is done with intention such as lighting and sound. They are placed in the scene to create the mood and evoke more feelings for viewers.
Realism
No sets are used. They are completely reliant on using the locations that are needed to be set.
Preference being a static camera (non moving camera). So that the camera is constantly focused upon the subjects facd eor just the one area.
Not much cinematography and colour appliance in post production. Focus more on the natural lighting but it cant be highly contrasted or washed out.
Camera often appears at eye level. So that it is nothing to unique thrown at it and takes you away from the dialogue.
Music tends be dialectic
Editing tends be seamless with continuity
• My piece will be focused towards formalism because there will be quite a few pov shots. To help me with my project and develop my skills. The most important part is focusing on the style and the technical details are. Whilst I don’t want to the colours to be as
bold and colourful as described because it has got fit in with the mood that I am setting.
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY
DLFuzzy. (2017) What are some modern formalism film – Link:
https://www.reddit.com/r/movies/comments/5dwnu9/what_are_some_modern_formalism_films/
Jon Fusco. (June 17th 2017) Watch: forget realism, embrace formalism – Link: https://nofilmschool.com/2017/06/watch-forget-realism-
embrace-formailsm
John Tindell. (April 7th 2019) Shot types – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5CwiBJYUXk
Justin Dise (2017) Filmmaking 101: Camera Shot Types – Link: https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/video/tips-and-
solutions/filmmaking-101-camera-shot-types
Jo light. (July 31st 2019) Five Adobe Premiere Audio Effects That Will Make Your Videos Sound Great – Link:
https://nofilmschool.com/2019/07/adobe-premiere-audio-effects
The Journo type. (date: Unknown) Formalist Film Theory (how we can use this in future filmmaking) – Link
https://thejournotype.com/2018/04/04/formalist-film-theory-how-we-can-use-this-in-future-filmmaking/
SudioBinder. (May 4th 2020) Ultimate Guide to Camera Shots: Every Shot Size Explained [The Shot List, Ep 1] – Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyML8xuKfoc
Vanessa Younts. (September 2nd 2020) Six creative audio effects in Adobe Premiere Pro – Link:
https://premieregal.com/blog/2020/9/2/6-creative-audio-effects-in-adobe-premiere-pro
Wolfcrow. (September 12th 2017) 15 Essential Camera Shots, Angles and Movements in Filmmaking – Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7y0ouVBcogU
7. TIM BURTON
Tim Burton is a film director, producer, writer and artist. His most notable works are Edward Scissorhands (1990), Corpses bridge (2005) and Beetlejuice
(1988). All know for his gothic fantasy style. His passion started in his pre-teen years when he began making short films in his back garden. The first film
he ever made was in 1971 titled ‘The island of doctor Agor’. Using crude stop motion techniques or shooting on 8 mm film without sound. This
introspective child was heavily inspired by Dr Seuss and Roald Dahl. Burton attended the California instate of the arts in Valencia, where the subject he
studied over there was character animation. There he made shorts such as ‘stalk of the celery monster’ and ‘King and the Octopus’. The first one
attracted Walt Disney animation division where he worked under an apprenticeship. He worked as an artist director, graphic designer, animator and
concept artist. Producing any different pieces for many different films that make it to the final cut or weren’t accepted. Films such as like Tron (1982) or
‘The black cauldron’ (1985). The animator team that he had worked for were described as a “group of outcasts”. So he had stated in an Vanity fair article.
His first film was a black and white short film titled ‘Vincent’ in which he reads a poem about a young boy’s dream of working with him. This young boy
depicts him and in years time he ends up working with the nine years time. He ends up working with the star in 1990’s ‘Edward Scissorhands’. His next
live action short was ‘Frankenweenie’ which resulted with him getting fired by Disney studio for releasing something that was too scary for children and
had also been a result of him spending a lot of money on the product. Burton moved onto to directing the tv show ‘pee-wee-herman. It was there,
where he met song writer Danny Elfman. Eifman has composed every piece of music that has been scored in a film that Burton had directed apart from
Ed wood and Sweeney Todd. From there own he moved onto his next big picture which goes down as one of his most popular films day ‘Beetlejuice’.
This starred Wynona Ryder and Michael Keaton who continued to work on further projects with Burton. Grossing $80 million dollar on a small budget
and winning an Academy award for the best makeup. Though Burton real success which established him as a Profitable director was 1989’s ‘Batman’.
Picking Jack Nicholson as the Joker to attract the older viewers. This film became a film for fans both young and old. Grossing over $250 million in the
US. Earning critical acclaim for both Kean and Nicholson. Plus for the production side. It had won Academy award from the best art direction. The next
film to have been placed in fron o fbUron was 1990’s ‘Edward Scissorhands. It’s largely seen as an autobiography of Burton’s childhood in his childhood
town in Burbank. With the character of Edward Scissorhands coming from a character he had drawn at school. This was also seen as the most person to
Burton because he felt like it was a representation of his childhood not being to effectively communicate with other children. Whilst the financial success
had rocketed in 1992’s Batman returns it sadly didn’t do as well as its predecessor. Due to time constrains of this films. He ended up producing the next
film which he was working n which was 1993’s ‘The nightmare before Christmas. Having over 100 people working on the film just create the characters
and then for it taking around three years to be made. It had grossed over $50 million dollars. He then went onto collaborate with Sellick for 1996’s
8. TIM BURTON
He continued to work further down the line with Johnny Depp again in 1999’s ‘Sleepy Hollow’. A film which had paid homage to the successful hammer
house horror films which were being made in the late 1950’s by the great Vincent Price who he had previously worked with. Being a great finical success as
well as receiving two bafta's. One for working on best costume design and one for best production design. However this film marked a turning point for
Burton and his style of the dark woodlike gothic style films weren’t being left behind but were being put on pause. So that Burton could experiments with
more variety. Moving onto 2001’s Planet of the Apes.’ However this film sadly didn’t do as well as in the box office. His next big success was in 2005’s
‘Charlie and the chocolate factory.’ It was later nominated an academy away from the best costume design. Making around $205 dollars successfully. This
film did very well in the box office. Filming however was provided to be rather difficult as most of the stars were working on the ‘corpse’s bride’ (2005). This
film was also considered notable for its recurrence of Helen Bonham carter and Johnny Depp working on Burton film. Burton’s next project was not in film
but was appearing as a director in 2006 album ‘Bones’ by the killers. He later went onto to directing another in 2012 which starred Wynona Ryder. Next
moving onto Alice in wonderland (2009) which received two awards. One for best art direction and one for costume direction. Burton down the line many
other sequels and some which sadly didn’t do well in the box office when put into comparison with his other films. In 2014 he decided to remake
Frankieweenie, where he shared his personal experience of it being similar to a dog that he had when he was growing up. He range was explore further
when he was able to balance and show the skills that he had as director for having such a range. From directing ‘2014’s film ‘Big eyes’ where it deals with
the theme of a heated divorce to 2016’s Mrs perigines home for peculiar children. A kids film involving CGI monsters. Focusing a lot more on his personal
life and the type of person he is. It was speculated by Bonham Carter in a 2005 interview that he might have Asperger's syndrome. he and Helen Bonham
Carter were later married and had two children. His own aesthetic of films can be taken from German expressionism. This type of art creates a dreamlike
unreality and psychological tension for the viewer that is watching it. This can be seen in such works or described in Frank kuffalfa ‘metamorphosis’ where
the movement is notable from being rather ridged and unnatural. This can scare the audience but only because its different and after a while like Edward
from ‘Edward Scissorhands’ can make you feel great sympathy for the character. In the classical films in terms of mis-en-scene and setting. This can be seen
through the exaggerated backdrops and landscapes with high exaggerated colours to open the viewers perspective on the fantasy. These backdrops are
also heavy uses to creates shadows and silhouettes in order to scare the viewers but be left with intrigue after not having seen the full antagonist. In Latin
America there is a hostal celebration called Day of the dead in which they celebrate the remembrance of the dead. The uses of bold, colourful skulls and
skeletons was something which had initially inspired Burton. Burtons view on the world is rather blood, disoriented, dystopian circus. Where anything can
be chucked at it no matter how odd and how terrifying. In 2009, Tim burton released a series called ‘Tim Burton and the Lurid Beauty of Monsters’. Where
he went through a series of directors and filmmakers that had inspired/influenced him. Most of it which were B-movie. From Roger Corman to James
9. FREQUENT COLLABORATORS
Danny Elfman
Johnny Depp
Helena Bonham carter
Christopher Lee
Michael Gough
Wynonna Ryder
Vincent Price
Waaren Skareen
Caroline Thompson
John August
10. QUOTES
“ Movies are like an expensive form of therapy to me.” – Link: https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/tim-burton-quotes
“One person's craziness is another person's reality.” – Link: https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/5773.Tim_Burton
“It’s good as an artist to always to remember to see things in a new, weird way.” – Link:
https://www.inspiringquotes.us/author/5840-tim-burton
“When you are making movie. It’s a very interiorised world.” – Link: https://www.bighivemind.com/the-best-tim-burton-quotes/
[The approach you have to take in movies] " . . . You always have to feel like it's gonna be the greatest, even if it's a . . . you
know . . . piece of crap.“ – Link: https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0000318/quotes
“Visions are worth fighting for. Why spend your life making someone else’s dreams?” - Link: https://writingcooperative.com/5-
quotes-by-tim-burton-to-make-you-a-better-writer-67c40108907b
“There are people who pretend like they know movies. But if somebody really knew movies, every film he made would be a
success.” – Link: https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/interviews/a4034/tim-burton0108/
“I always liked strange characters.” – Link: https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0000318/quotes
“Anybody with artistic ambitions is always trying to reconnect with the way they saw things as a child.” – Link:
https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/tim-burton-quotes
“I am not a dark person and I do not consider myself to be a dark person.” Link:
https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/5773.Tim_Burton
“Most people say about graveyards: “Oh, it’s just a bunch of dead people. It’s creepy but for me, there’s an energy to it that it
not creepy, or dark. It has a positive sense to it.” – Link: https://www.bighivemind.com/the-best-tim-burton-quotes/
11. 1.) Jennifer L. McMahon. (29th April 2014) The Philosophy of Tim Burton – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Philosophy_of_Tim_Burton/SOEjAwAAQBAJ
?hl=en&gbpv=0
2.) University press of Mississippi (2005) Tim Burton (The interviews) – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Tim_Burton/PXWbtU-85RYC?hl=en&gbpv=0
3.) Ian Nathan. (5rd September 2019) Tim Burton (updated Edition) - The Iconic
Filmmaker and His Work – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Tim_Burton_updated_edition/LS-
4DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
4.) Sun Hee Teresa Lane. (September 11th 2011) How to analyse the films of Tim
Burton – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/How_to_Analyze_the_Films_of_Tim_Burton/Q2Z3
AgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
5.) Screen Rant. (March 10th 2019) Tim Burton: The Twisted Story Of The Eccentric
Filmmaker - Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsdYCREsCco
6.) The Take. (October 30th 2019) You Know its Tim Burton if… - Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMWSmiJ_L9c
7.) KungFuKuya. (November 18th 2017) Tim Burton: A study into the strange – Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDDQUUhLWrk
8.) Aja Romano. ( April 17th 2019) Tim Burton has built his career around an iconic
visual aesthetic. Here’s how it evolved. – Link:
https://www.vox.com/culture/2019/4/17/18285309/tim-burton-films-visual-style-
aesthetic-disney-explained
9.) BBC radio. (date: unknown) Nine important life lessons we can learn from Tim
Burton – Link:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1z8K8VQHTFNPZ79gvbVQQzN/nine-
important-life-lessons-we-can-learn-from-tim-burton
10.) Niamh Coghlan. (26th April 2010) The imagination of Tim Burton - Link:
https://aestheticamagazine.com/the-imagination-of-tim-burton/
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The film that was
initially inspired by his
childhood and
childhood home.
The drawing
that had
been done
by Tim
burton in
his
childhood.
12. JORDAN PEELE
Jordan Peele is an American actor, writer and comedian. His most popular works are ‘Get out,’ ‘US’, ‘Key and Peele’ and ‘Big mouth’. Peele started when he dropped
out of Sarah Lawrence college in order to form a comedy duo with classmate and future Key and Peele writer Rebecca Drysdale. He started his carer by moving onto
the TV show ’Mad TV’. He also appeared in a numerous amount of other comedy things such as the “Hilary vs Clinton’ sketch, Saturday night live, Fargo and the
station. It was around this time in 2012. Peele joined up with Michael keele in their own sketch show called “Key and Peele”. Which received favourable reviews from
many people and many videos of their sketches went viral online. In February 2017 Keyes ambition to become a filmmaker was finally becoming achieved when he
had released ‘Get Out’. The times rated it as one of the top ten films of 2017 and the Atlantic called the film a “masterpiece". With it eventually scoring 98% on
rotten tomatoes. Eventually it became known as one of the most profitable films of 2017. Grossing over $255 million on a budget of $4.5 Million. The film also
received many nominations such as best picture, best director and best original screenplay. He won the best original screenplay becoming the first black
screenwriter to win this category. As of the beginning of 2018 he started making plans into an early retirement for acting. Stating "Acting is just nowhere near as fun
for me as directing". He then later went on to co produce ‘BlacKkKlansman which had received six nominations from the 91st Academy awards including the best
nomination for Peele. The second horror film which Pelle was involved in. He wrote and produced and 2019’s ‘US’ which also was a success. He will also be a remake
of the Candyman film in the year 2021. Tony Todd, an actor star in the film had stated that "I’d rather have him do it, someone with intelligence, who’s going to be
thoughtful and dig into the whole racial makeup of who Candyman is and why he existed in the first place.” As of October 2021 him and Rosenfeld had also signed
a contract to produce the remake of people under the stairs.’ A comedy horror that had been made in 1991 by Wes Crave. This route shows that Peele is going has
ben going forth upon the comedy and horrors. Now with his latest project. He can mix up his skills. Whilst he initially set out to be a comedian the ones that
influenced him before his career are Richarad Pryor and David Chapelle who were in an American Sketch show called ‘In living colour’ He had also stated that Martin
Lawrence and Steve Marin had influenced him too. Both which were comedic American producers. Peele often has a few trademarks within each film he directs so
that whilst they are different they hold continuity to the type of style that he wants. With his films often taking place in suburbs. They are psychological horror and
they focus on race. He also works with Keegan Michael – Key, which appears in a lot of the films he produces or directs. In a similar way that Johnny Depp had with
Tim Burton. As of 2014 he was regarded by the time’s magazine as of th emost infelunctila people in the world.
14. QUOTES
“First off, write your favourite movie that you haven’t seen. Don’t worry about whether it is going to get made. Write
something for yourself. After you have that draft, then worry about what you need to do to sell it. I also say, as a director,
enjoy yourself, and if you take the time to take a breath and have quiet moments for yourself”. – Link:
https://filmschoolrejects.com/jordan-peele-filmmaking-tips/
Part of what horror is, is taking risks and going somewhere that people think you’re not supposed to be able to go, in the
name of expressing real-life fears. – Link: https://www.goalcast.com/2019/04/17/jordan-peele-quotes/
“That’s my advice with dealing with writers block. Follow the fun. If you aren’t having fun, you are doing it wrong.” – Link:
https://industrialscripts.com/jordan-peele-quotes/
With Horror movie, you are making a metaphor. Youre making a personalised nightmare for the protagonist.” – Link:
https://www.azquotes.com/author/63354-Jordan_Peele/tag/horror
Darkness and silence and fear of the unknown have haunted me. The fear of death is the big one, right? I think comedy
and horror are both ways in which we deal with the existential crisis of the knowledge that the pattern of life we're so
used to will one day be broken, and we don't know what will happen next. – Link:
https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1443502/quotes
I don't see myself casting a white dude as the lead in my movie. Not that I don't like white dudes, but I've seen that
movie. – Link: https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1443502/quotes
15. 1.) Jordan Peele. (26th November 2019) Get Out - the complete annotated
screenplay – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Get_Out/jPv7wQEACAAJ?hl=en
2.) Dawn Keetley. (2020) Jordan Peele’s Get out – Political horror – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Jordan_Peele_s_Get_Out/-
LmWyAEACAAJ?hl=en
3.) Samantha Bell. (2018) Jordan Peele – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Jordan_Peele/aG55DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1
&dq=jordan+peele&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover
4.) Billy Rose Theatre Division. (2019) US – the unmarked screenplay – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Us/27FpzQEACAAJ?hl=en
5.) BBC. (October 13th 2020) How Jordan Peele redefined Horror films forever |
Inside Cinema – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnL8lX52gPo
6.) Wall street Journal. (March 19th 2019) Jordan Peele’s guide to horror films |
WSJ – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXB-LvBwJdM&t=13s
7.) Tyler Mowery. (February 16th 2019) Jordan Peele’s Advice on Writing Thrillers
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsxWMXj9Plc&t=3s
8.) Clarisse Loughery. (March 22nd 2019) How Jordan Peele is pushing horror
forward by looking to the past - Link: https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-
entertainment/films/features/jordan-peele-us-movie-get-out-horror-director-cinema-
a8835266.html
9.) Steve Ross. (19th March 2019) Jordan Peele on US: “This is a very different
movie from get out” - Link: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/mar/09/jordan-
peele-on-us-this-is-a-very-different-movie-from-get-out
10.) Brian Hiatt. (29th January 2019) How do you top a movie that shook
Hollywood? The auteur behind ‘Get Out’ has a simple plan: Scare the hell out of
- Link: https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-features/director-jordan-peele-
new-movie-cover-story-782743/
BIBLIOGRAPHY
16. ALFRED HITCHCOCK
Alfred Hitchcock who was also titled the master of suspense was an English director. Who was also a producer and screenwriter.. As a younger child he held a big
interest for geography and claimed that his grammar school “The Jesuits taught me organization, control and, to some degree, analysis.” He took his service in the
first world war and it wasn’t to until the June 1919 when he became a founding editor and business manager of Henley's in house publication. When he took an
interest into creative writing. It was in the Henley telegraphy when he started publishing short stories. He told Truffaut that his “first step towards cinema” when he
drew the graphics for a cable company. He was particular interested in American cinema and took liking towards Charlie Chaplin, D.W. Griffith and Buster Keaton.
17. ALFRED HITCHCOCK
Earning his title of suspense his films worked a lot with building the suspense for the viewers. . Like Stan Lee does a lot with the marvel films. Hitccock
appeared in a lot of his own films. This will be through a cameo where he isn’t hidden as an extra but he does appear as a cameo. Robin Wood had
once stated that
18. QUOTES
“Puns are the highest form of literature.”- Link: https://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/9420.Alfred_Hitchcock
“There is no terror in the bang, only in the anticipation of it.” – Link: https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/alfred-hitchcock-quotes
“I deny that I ever said actors are cattle. What I said was, Actors should be treated like cattle.” – Link
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock
“What is drama but life with the dull bits cut out.” – Link: https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/alfred-hitchcock-quotes
“I think the important thing is one’s work, using the mind, all of your talent, all of your experience. You find that as you go along one
problem becomes more and more difficult: How do you avoid the cliché?” – Link: https://industrialscripts.com/alfred-hitchcock/
“One must never set up a murder. They must happen, unexpectedly as in life.” – Link: https://www.inspiringquotes.us/author/7656-alfred-
hitchcock
"If You Should Find One Perfect Thing, Or Place Or Person, You Should Stick To It.” – Link: https://screenrant.com/best-quotes-from-alfred-
hitchcock-movies/
“Film your murders like love scenes, and film your love scenes like murders.” – Link: https://screenrant.com/best-quotes-from-alfred-
hitchcock-movies/
“The only way to get rid of my fears is to make films about them.” – Link: https://www.quotetab.com/quotes/by-alfred-hitchcock
Always make the audience suffer as much as possible – Link: https://m.imdb.com/name/nm0000033/quotes
“Mystery is an intellectual process. But suspense is essentially an emotional process.” – Link: https://www.awakenthegreatnesswithin.com/35-
inspirational-alfred-hitchcock-quotes-on-success/
“The more successful the villain, the more successful the picture.” – Link: https://www.awakenthegreatnesswithin.com/35-inspirational-alfred-
hitchcock-quotes-on-success/
“If it’s a good movie, the sound could go off and the audience would still have a perfectly clear idea of what was going on.” - Link:
https://www.awakenthegreatnesswithin.com/35-inspirational-alfred-hitchcock-quotes-on-success/
19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.) The Dick Cavett show. (May 11th 2019) Alfred Hitchcock Talks About His
Relationship With Actors - Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuD1yloq5pY
2.) WatchMojo.com. (April 27th 2011) The life and career of Alfred Hitchcock – Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3w-guf2G-M
3.) Eyes on Cinema. (December 17th 2014) 96-Minute 'Masterclass' Interview with Alfred
Hitchcock on Filmmaking (1976) – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDvC6tzrJro
4.) Paula Marantz Cohen. (17th October 2014) Alfred Hitchcock - The Legacy of
Victorianism – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Alfred_Hitchcock/R6EfBgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
5.) Wiley. (2011) A companion to Alfred Hitchcock – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Companion_to_Alfred_Hitchcock/ePMxuoC5kTYC
?hl=en&gbpv=0
6.) Oxford University Press. (2004) Alfred Hitchcock’s Psyche – A casebook – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Alfred_Hitchcock_s_Psycho/k5I5ED1IiFQC?hl=en&g
bpv=0
7.) Gene Adair. (6th June 2002) Alfred Hitchcock – Filming our fears – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Alfred_Hitchcock/9xeWbQA6GDUC?hl=en&gbpv=0
8.) Joe Ursell. (10th August 2018) The Phenomenal influence and legacy of Alfred
Hitchcock – Link: https://www.intofilm.org/news-and-views/articles/hitchcock-feature
9.) Bee Wilson (15th June 2012) Alfred Hitchcock from silent film director to Inventor of
modern horror – Link: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jun/15/alfred-hitchcock-
inventor-modern-horror
10.) BFI. (1st July 2020) Alfred Hitchcock: My own methods – Link:
https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/features/alfred-hitchcock-my-own-methods
20. A24 - HISTORY
A24 is an independent American entertainment company that was founded on August 30th 2012. This company was founded by people who have previously worked
on films. Daniel Katz, David Fenkel and John Hughes were the people who had founded the company. The finance group had been led at the Guggenheim partners
23. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR A24
1.) Amandaamaryanna. (August 24th 2020) The rise of A24 – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuK7T4sfoQUk:
2.) Christopher Ashton. (May 11th 2019) A24: Why they’re a success - Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9kgN-q6HoQ
3.) Galaxy Brain. (December 10th 2019) What makes A24 such a great movie studio – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc5IRuREUxU
4.) Payton Swan. (May 29th 2018) A24| They put out the good stuff – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wV5gIYTLkqo
5.) Yhara Zayd. (January 12th 2021) The Mediocrities of A24 – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_K37HuQbpI
6.) Corey Stein. (December 30th 2018) An introduction to A24 – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmXmgP2qB_M
7.) Debbie Sanna. ( June 17th 2018) Why A24 is so good and successful – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssX2hZvgh1A
8.) Master of Movies. (September 16th 2020) A24’s Misunderstood Masterpiece | Video Essay – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94GbR1oeZak
9.) Sonia Rao. (August 5th 2019) How the indie studio behind ‘Moonlight,’ ‘Lady Bird’ and ‘Hereditary’ flourished while breaking Hollywood rules – Link:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/how-the-indie-studio-behind-moonlight-lady-bird-and-hereditary-flourished-while-breaking-hollywood-
rules/2019/08/01/47094878-a4dc-11e9-bd56-eac6bb02d01d_story.html
10.) Zach Baron. (May 9th 2017) How A24 are distributing Hollywood? – Link: https://www.gq.com/story/a24-studio-oral-history
11.) Brookes Barnes. (March 3rd 2019) The little movie studio that could – Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/03/business/media/a24-studio.html
12.) Fast company. (Date: Unknown) Most innovative companies – A24 – Link: https://www.fastcompany.com/company/a24
13.) Jonah Weiner. (January 18th 2017) Get to Know A24, the Film Company Behind ‘Spring Breakers’ and ‘Moonlight’ – Link: https://www.wsj.com/articles/what-to-
know-about-the-scrappy-film-company-behind-moonlight-1484754631
14.) David Ehrich. (September 30th 2015) The Disturber as auteur – Link: https://slate.com/culture/2015/09/profile-of-the-independent-film-distributor-a24-the-company-
behind-spring-breakers-and-room.html
15.) Siobhan Spearer (June 16th 2018) The History of A24: A Timeline of the Rising Distributor – Link: https://filmschoolrejects.com/history-of-a24/
24. EVIL DEAD - FILM
The Evil dead is a film where five friends travel to an isolated cabin that’s secluded in the middle of the woods. Here they a play a tape of incantations that hold
enough power to summon the dead. They all get possessed and turn into blood curling zombie but there is one survivor left who is Ash Williams. This American
supernatural horror film was released in the year 1981 and was instant success. Reaching around $29.4 million dollars in the box office. Despite it being a B-movie
and the film retaining a budget of $350,000-$400,000. This film is often noted by filmmakers for its practical and clever uses of camerawork. One clever camera
technique is through the uses of a Steadicam to be shaken whilst running towards the object that the camera is centre with. This gives the camera more natural look
as if a creature or the antagonist in the film is running towards the victim. Putting the viewer into the first person of the antagonists and the using a technique called
the ‘RA-O-CAM’. The Steadicam runs towards the window where it is in timed position to getting to enough distance of something hitting the window. This giving off
the illusion that the Steadicam was the object that had hit the window. The Steadicam then cut, moves to the opposite side of the window and then starts recording
again as if its gone through. Another camera technique which was used regularly in the film was the shaky cam. This effect was really practical where it was just
placed on top of a board and made the camera shake. This was used for scenes such as when the zombies were breaking in or they were trying to give off the illusion
that the cabin in which the characters are in is shaking. Another camera technique which I used during the production of ‘Evil dead’ is the ‘VAS-O-CAM’. This is used
to give off a similar effect to the shaky cam but will be a bit more smoother. This was often used for the POV shots of the creature outside looking through the
window. This effect was done by using a table and then using a U shaped bracket. Placing the camera on top of it and then placing Vaseline on top of the table. To
make the camera bit more slipper and smoother. The last effect which was more of effect pulled to make the character look like its doing something. Unless it’s a
POV shooting. This was called the ‘Ellie-vator’ named after the actress that had appeared in the scene. This consists of a broom being strapped onto her back and
then two guys pulling from the back whilst the broom is leaning onto something. This gives of the illusion that she is levitating on and off the ground. Sam Raimi
(the director) once remarked that the monster on screen won’t scare you nearly as much as what the audience dreams up in their head. A lot of these
camera techniques were intentionally intended to be done in that way. These were ways that they were working around I the amount of short time that
they had. He did have a lot intention camera angles and shots thought such as having a Dutch angle focusing on Ash to build the suspense of the scene.
As the zombies have gone quiet from trying to break into the cabin. This closeup Dutch angle works because the camera needs to be close off with Ash
in a small part of the room in order to not know what is going on around the rest of the room. The last shot that is featured in the film features with a
camera placed on top of a bike whiles it drives its self through the cabin to create a long take. Ina similar manner to the sort of effect a Steadicam would
do but a lot less quicker of a take. This film also has an extensive range of impressive editing. The most notable scene is the face melting one which
apparently took hours in order for it to be cut properly. Dead chickens were apparently stabbed multiple to replicate the noise of mutilated flesh and in
order to give of even more terror Raimi had to scream into a microphone for several hours.
25. EVIL DEAD - FILM
The film in terms of an emotional ride it takes the viewer through Ash's journey. He becomes the last survivor and he's done a lot to get towards that point. That
makes it emotionally exhausting for the viewer too. The sequel to this film does a similar thing but takes an interesting turn on it. As he is slowly losing his mind. He
sees talking reindeers and other stuff that can allude his mind. All this whilst the zombies are trying to break in. and you as a viewer even question if they are real and
if everything that is happening is real. It’s an interesting take on the character perspective from the viewer because he is clearly losing his sanity for good reason with
everything that has gone on in the film but that makes his actions a little questionable too. What makes this film so aspiring to young filmmakers is the process of
how it was made and it shows that with the right budget. As well as the right idea. Then it can be possible success. Sam Raimi and Bruce Campbell (the actor who
pays Ash Williams) started off by making short super eight films. From shooting a suspenseful scene in a short film called ‘it’s a murder!’ they started making there
proof of concept work which Raimi started calling it a ‘prototype’. They would try to generate the interest from the investors and then use any funds that were giving
pointed towards a full length feature film. Their original short film pitch which they had titled ‘within the woods’ was at the producing cost of $1,600. Raimi needed to
raise $100,000 in order produce the full length film which was ‘the evil dead’. Raimi even asked for multiple donations and even eventually begged for the money for
production because some people were saying that the short film they made wasn’t very good. Whilst he ended up not raising the amount the wanted. He go enough
in order to make his film. The film would have higher producer values and would last a full length running time. This shows a how little options Raimi had when
doing his films and his contributors were more his family and friends. Instead of doing auditions and getting actors/actresses out. Only one new contributor came in
through an ad casting that Raimi put in the paper. Which just shows how small scale this production was. A lot of what they had was based upon cheap and practical
effects. One way inn which they could make the blood that was needed for a lot of the scenes was adding coffee, corn syrup and food colouring in order to create
the fake blood that was used. This was good cheap way as blood is one of the most prominent things in the film. So they would have needed a lot of it. With the
cabin being so remote and them not having the affordable costs to travel every day. They would have to sleep over at the chain which caused arguments because of
how small it was.
26. EVIL DEAD - FILM
The most interesting thing to make note of is the shift of direction that the film has. Whilst all the films in the series balance out the horror and comedic elements.
Each different film overpowers one another. For example there are comedic elements placed in the film but the most of it is stand out horror and it take itself
broadly serious. Then moving onto the sequel they went down a more comedic route and tried make the humour more slapstick. This made it empower the horror
side a lot more. As to why the creators took this route. I don’t know because the original was such a success. However it ended up doing better on the box office.
The extensive usage of blood not just in this one but in the sequels too made this film be classified as a ‘video nasty’. A lot of people considered the film rather
violent and disturbing. This was and still is banned either theatrically or on video in some countries. Petley and Cook from the ‘monthly film bulletin’ expressed
similar views to mine commenting “More imagination and "youthful enthusiasm than an average horror film”.
28. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.) Mcfarland. (7Th March 2019) The Many Lives of The Evil Dead - Essays
on the Cult Film Franchise – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Many_Lives_of_The_Evil_Dead/o
i-NDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
2.) Kate Egan. (2011) The Evil Dead – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Evil_Dead/T6bPVJWICYoC?hl=e
n&gbpv=0
3.) Samuel French. (2007) Evil Dead – The musical – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Evil_Dead/OyPw9_uZIRwC?hl=en
4.) Bill Warren. (15th January 2001) The Evil dead companion – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Evil_Dead_Companion/wBrJ3M
71rUIC?hl=en
5.) Ryan Hollinger. (May 12th 2018) Let’s talk about the evil dead trilogy –
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBCj1wChXRw&t=60s
6.) Patrick (H) Williems. (July 19th 2017) Sam Raimi - How Does Horror
Comedy Work? – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwcjToDEsUY
7.) GoodbadFlicks. (May 7th 2016) Explorinng the Evil dead – Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lju_G-99O60
8.) Little white lies. (Date: Unknown) Cheap thrills: In praise of the Evil
Dead – Link: https://lwlies.com/articles/in-praise-of-the-evil-dead/
9.) Nicholas Ayala. ( 3rd November 2017) Why The Evil Dead 2 Is A Better
Movie Than The Original – Link: https://screenrant.com/evil-dead-2-movie-
better-original-reason/
10.) Seth Mlawski. (October 28th 2009) How to red the Evil dead and why
– Link: https://www.overthinkingit.com/2009/10/28/evil-dead/
29. BIBLIOGRAPHY – FILMMAKING
1.) Aaron Tylor. (2012) Theorising film acting – Link: https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Theorizing_Film_Acting/fUG3BQYOOD8C?hl=en&gbpv=0
2.) Elliot Grove. (12th November 2012) Raindance Producers' Lab Lo-To-No Budget Filmmaking – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Raindance_Producers_Lab_Lo_To_No_Budget/YS7Lde62M90C?hl=en&gbpv=0
3.) Adam Leipzig. (7th January 2015) Independent track for young filmmakers – Link: https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Inside_Track_for_Independent_Filmmakers/LrYxBgAAQBAJ?hl=en
4.) Chris Jones. (22nd October 2015) The Guerilla Film Makers Pocketbook - The Ultimate Guide to Digital Film Making – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Guerilla_Film_Makers_Pocketbook/7N6oAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
5.) Danny draven. (12th November 2012) The Filmmaker's Book of the Dead - How to Make Your Own Heart-Racing Horror Movie – Link:
https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Filmmaker_s_Book_of_the_Dead/_RZBKcWskF8C?hl=en&gbpv=0 – Link:
6.) Chris Stuckmann. (February 26th 2019) My Filmmaking Journey - No Budget Films, Auditorium 6, Notes from Melanie & More! – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSfXRYDRJfs
7.) Film4. (April 20th 2015) Directors on filmmaking | Film4 Self Portraits – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2d9EGFTwqNI
8.) Tyler Mowery. (November 24th 2020) How to write a short film – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMOy7nJG4zA
9.) Videomaker. (December 27th 2019) Practical advice for writing a short film script – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi_TqRQHK3o
10.) Toniko Pantoja. (October 10th 2019) Making Films in Less than a week - The benefits – Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUWXN_V25Jo
11.) Beth Webb. (24th August 2020) T he new era in filmmaking – Link: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200820-the-new-era-in-filmmaking
12.) Charles Matthau. (Date: Unknown) How Tech Has Shaped Film Making: The Film vs. Digital Debate Is Put to Rest – Link: https://www.wired.com/insights/2015/01/how-tech-shaped-film-making/
13.) Ed S Tann. (3rd July 2018) A psychology of the film – Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0111-y
14.) Pamela Hutchinson. (10th January 2019) One perfect shot: the unsung power of cinematography – Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0111-y
15.) MasterClass. (8th November 2020) Film 101: What Is Cinematography and What Does a Cinematographer Do? – Link: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/film-101-what-is-cinematography-and-what-
does-a-cinematographer-do#what-is-cinematography
