1. Plate tectonics: Plate movement
Volcanoes
Map Reading

2.  Plate is the broken pieces of Earth’s crust
that float above the mantle.

3.  Plateboundary is the boundaries where the
plates move.

4.  Plates move in 3 ways:
 1. Plates move towards each other (convergent)
 2. Plates move away from each other (divergent)
 3. Plate move slide past each other (transfrom)

5.  When the lower part of
the mantle is heated,
the molten magma rise
& spread out beneath
the plate. This drag the
plate away from each
other.
 Then the spreading
magma cools and once
it is cool, it sinks. This
drags the plate towards
each other.
 The continuous rising of
hot magma & sinking of
cool magma set up
convection current.

6. Answer these questions without looking at your
notebook!
 What is mean by ‘Plate’?
 What is mean by ‘Plate boundary’?
 How do plates move?
 Why do plates move?

7.  Distributions/locations of volcanoes.
 Volcanoes are usually found along or near the plate
boundaries
 Volcanoes are concentrated in a belt around the Pacific
Ocean. The belt of volcanoes is called the Pacific Ring
of Fire
 Volcanoes mainly occur along destructive plate
boundaries (where plates move towards each other).

8. Y
 Ans: Eurasian plate and Pacific plate

9. Y
 Convergent plate boundary

10. Y

11.  Along theconvergent plate boundaries,
convectional currents of magma in the upper
mantle converge and sink, causing a continental
plate and an oceanic plate to collide.
 Along thesubduction zone where the plates meet,
magma is produced by the melting of the
subducted plate in the mantle. This magma rises
to the surface of the Earth forming Volcanoes.

12.  Advantages/positive impacts of living near volcanoes:
 The dramatic scenery created by the volcanic eruptions
attracts tourists. This brings income to the area. E.g.
Mount Fuji in Japan.
 The lava and ash deposited during an eruption breaks
down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil. This
creates very fertile soil which is good for agriculture.
E.g. in Java and Deccan Plateau in India.
 The high level of heat inside the Earth, close to a
volcano, can provide opportunities for generating
geothermal energy which could be used to generate
electricity.
 Volcanic areas are also rich in mineral deposits. E.g.
diamonds of Kimberly in South Africa.

13.  Disadvantages/negative impacts of living near
volcanoes:
 Many lives can be lost as a result of volcanic
eruption.
 If the ash and mud from the volcanic eruption mix
with rain water or melting snow, fast moving
mudflows are created. These flows are called lahars.
 Lava flows and lahars can destroy settlements and
clear areas of woodland and agriculture.
 Human and natural landscapes can be destroyed
and changed forever.