This document provides information about plate tectonics and volcanism in a question-answer format. It defines key terms like Pangaea, continental drift theory, plate tectonics theory, and the three types of plate boundaries. It describes evidence that supported continental drift and Wegener's hypothesis. It also explains concepts like slab pull, ridge push, and mantle convection that drive plate tectonics. Volcanism topics covered include the Ring of Fire, types of volcanoes like shield and composite, and volcanic features like calderas, cinder cones, and pyroclastic flows.

1. ESCIE FLASHCARDS
SGD

2. PLATE TECTONICS

3. The continental drift is the hypothesis of Mr.
Wegener that the continents had once been joined
together to form a single supercontinent he called?
PANGEA
meaning “all land”

4. Three evidences that supported
Wegener’s claim about continental
drift?
(1) Fossil evidence (2) Rocks
(3) Glacial deposits

5. The main objection to Wegener’s hypothesis was
that?
could not describe a mechanism
capable of moving the
continents.

6. What is the Continental drift
theory?
Continents are slowly moving
relative to each other.
Movements are: against, away
and sliding past from each other.

7. What is the theory of plate tectonics?
Plate moves slowly by movement in
the mantle. There are three plates
boundaries: Con, Di, and Trans

8. What are plates composed of?
Continental and Oceanic

9. Plates that move apart/away to each
other?
Divergent boundary
Or sometimes called, in some instances,
constructive boundary

10. Plates collide and interact to each other?
Convergent boundary
Or sometimes called, in some instances, destructive boundary

11. Plates that grind past/slide each
other?
Transform fault boundary
Or sometimes called, in some instances,
conservative plate margin

12. Where do mid-ocean ridges form?
Form on boundaries where
plates are spreading apart.

13. Transform faults, such as the San Andreas Fault
system in California, occur where?
Occur on boundaries where plates
are sliding past each other

14. A collision between two pieces of continental
crust at a converging boundary produces a
Mountain ranges

15. What process is building the Himalayas, the
tallest mountains on Earth?
Two continental plates
colliding is the process that
built the Himalayas

16. Global earthquakes happens along?
On plate boundaries

18. In oceanic-oceanic convergence, what characteristic
of an oceanic crust will subduct?
The older, denser plate will subduct
beneath

20. At convergent plate boundaries, between
oceanic-continental convergence, who will
subduct? The oceanic crust or continental crust?
Oceanic crust is subducted
Because oceanic crust is heavier than
continental crust

21. What is the underlying force that drives plate
tectonics?
Convection Currents
Note: it is powered by heat, also drives
tectonic plate movement

22. Gravity pulls old ocean lithosphere down
into the deep mantle
Slab-pull

24. Ocean lithosphere slides down the
asthenosphere that is elevated near
mid-ocean ridges?
Ridge push

25. Molten rock rises from the lower mantle
towards the top of the mantle then sinks
back down?
Mantle convection

26. Involved in the upward flow of rock in the
mantle, a rising column of hot, solid
mantle rock at a hotspot?
Mantle plumes

27. The ‘Ring of Fire’ is the long belt of volcanoes that
circle where specific ocean and along?
Pacific Ocean

28. ESCIE FLASHCARDS
SGD

29. VOLCANISM

30. The Ring of Fire refers to the volcanoes that
are?
Around the borders of pacific
ocean, along plate boundaries

32. magma is found in the ___________ and lava is
found on the ___________ of the Earth.
Inside, outside

33. High
volcano
in
Montana
Composite Volcano

34. A shield volcano was formed from magma with
________ silica and _______ viscosity.
Low, low

35. A composite volcano was formed from magma
with ________ silica and _______ viscosity.
High, high

36. Pyroclastic flows are when there is a lot of hot
lava, gas, & rocks spewing from the volcano at
very fast speeds.
True

37. What type of
volcano is
Mauna Loa in
Hawaii?
Shield Volcano

38. is a bowl-shaped depression caused by a
volcanic eruption in which the top of the volcano
collapses.
Caldera

39. The smallest of the pyroclasts are called ___.
They may stay in the atmosphere for years.
Dust and ashes

40. Formed from many alternating
eruptions of ash and lava. Beautifully
symmetrical cones.
Stratovolcano/composite

41. Steep sided cone formed from the
ejection of pyroclastic materials.
Cinder cone

42. Low and broad shaped cone formed from many
eruptions of thin and runny lava.
Shield cone

43. Pls remember:
Magma will rise to the surface of the Earth. When the magma reaches the
surface of the Earth the pressure between the gases in the magma and
the surface pressures allows the magma to boil out. Watch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAmqsMQG3RM 1:10 mel
This is like opening a can of pop
when it has been shaken.

44. A large rough edged, angular pyroclast that is
ejected during a volcanic eruption is called
Volcanic block

45. An example of islands that formed over a
hotspot are the:
Hawaiian Islands

46. A dense mud flow that results when a body of
water/water combines with volcanic ash and
debris is a
Lahar

47. A low silica volcano makes what type of
explosion. The lava that comes out is usually
very fluid and flows very fast.
Quiet eruption

48. An opening in Earth's crust
Volcano