aircraft manufacture parts and assembly

1. Feb . 2023

2. Feb . 2023
Aircraft Manufacturing
‫الطائرات‬ ‫صناعة‬

3. Feb . 2023
‫التصنٌع‬ ‫لطرق‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫االنواع‬

4. Feb . 2023
main manufacturing
processes
Support processes
Heat treatments
painting
of surface
treatment,
Parts manufacture
sheet metal parts
machined parts
bonded parts
(composite),
assembly
final assembly
structure assembly
sub-assembly
harness
welding
tube
….etc
Ground and flight
test
‫للطائرات‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌات‬

5. Feb . 2023
1-MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
General
A production system includes
• people,
• equipment
• and procedures
human
can be grouped into three basic categories:
• manual work systems,
of one or more workers performing one or more tasks without
the aid of powered tools
• worker-machine systems
one or more workers operate powered tools or machines
• and automated systems
fully-automated.
process performed by a machine; no worker will participate
semi-automated
equipment is organized into logical groupings
A- Aircraft manufacturing process

6. •
‫العمال‬
‫أساسٌة‬ ‫فئات‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تقسٌمها‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
:
، ‫الٌدوٌة‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أنظمة‬
‫أو‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫ٌؤدون‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫عامل‬
‫أكثر‬
‫األدوات‬ ‫بمساعدة‬
‫الٌدوٌة‬ ‫العدد‬ ‫و‬
+
‫شنٌور‬
.....
‫واآلالت‬ ‫العمال‬ ‫أنظمة‬
‫تعمل‬ ‫آالت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫على‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫ٌعمل‬
‫النٌوماتٌك‬ ‫او‬ ‫الكهربٌة‬ ‫بالطاقة‬
‫اآللٌة‬ ‫واألنظمة‬
‫بالكامل‬ ‫مؤتمتة‬
.
‫عامل‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ٌشارك‬ ‫لن‬ ‫؛‬ ‫آلة‬ ‫بها‬ ‫تقوم‬ ‫عملٌة‬
ً‫آل‬ ‫شبه‬
•
‫منطقٌة‬ ‫مجموعات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫تنظٌم‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫التصنٌع‬ ‫أنظمة‬ -1 ‫عام‬
‫ٌتضمن‬
‫نظام‬
‫اإلنتاج‬
، ‫العمال‬
‫معدات‬
‫واإلجراءات‬
(
‫التصنٌع‬ ‫طرق‬
–
‫رسومات‬ ‫مستندات‬
)....
Feb . 2023

7. 8Ms Production System
(1) Machine (technology);
(2) Method (process);
(3) Material (Includes Raw Material, Consumables and Information.)
(4) Man Power (physical work)/ Mind Power (brain work
(5) Measurement (Inspection);
(6) Milieu/ Mother Nature (Environment).
(7) Management/ Money Power
(8) Maintenance
Feb . 2023

8. ‫منتج‬ ‫اى‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المؤثرة‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫العناصر‬
(1)
‫اآللة‬
(
‫التكنولوجٌا‬
)
‫؛‬
(2)
‫الطرٌقة‬
(
‫العملٌة‬
)
‫؛‬
(3)
‫المواد‬
(
‫والمعلومات‬ ‫االستهالكٌة‬ ‫والمواد‬ ‫الخام‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫تشمل‬
.)
(4)
‫البشرٌة‬ ‫القوة‬
(
ً‫البدن‬ ‫العمل‬
/ )
‫الذهنٌة‬ ‫القوة‬
(
‫الدماغ‬ ‫عمل‬
(5)
‫القٌاس‬
(
‫التفتٌش‬
)
‫؛‬
(6)
‫البٌئة‬
/
‫األم‬ ‫الطبٌعة‬
(
‫البٌئة‬
).
(7)
‫اإلدارة‬
/
‫المالٌة‬ ‫القوة‬
(8)
‫الصٌانة‬
Feb . 2023

9. Feb . 2023
Simplified, all manufacturing processes
“plan and order”,
monitors
incoming material
and part deliveries in
the resource planning
system, and orders
“manufacture”,
Product handling
and acceptance
procedure
‫التخطٌط‬
‫والنظام‬
«
‫المواد‬ ‫مراقبٌن‬،
‫الواردة‬
‫االجزاء‬ ‫و‬
ً‫ف‬
‫الموارد‬ ‫تخطٌط‬ ‫نظام‬
‫االوامر‬ ‫و‬
‫التصنٌع‬
‫المنتج‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬
‫القبول‬ ‫وإجراءات‬
،
‫عملٌات‬ ‫جمٌع‬
‫مبسطة‬ ‫التصنٌع‬

10. Feb . 2023
Manufacturing
1- Processing operations
Is to use energy to change the physical properties of a material.
shaping processes is to change the geometry
property enhancing to improve mechanical or physical
properties(heat treatment)
surface processing is to cleaning, surface treatments and coating
2- Assembly
joining processes is to joined permanently
mechanical fastening they can be disassembled again

11. Feb . 2023
2- Aircraft general manufacturing process
2
-
‫للطائرات‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌة‬

12. Feb . 2023
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
to change the physical
properties of a material
‫التصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌة‬

13. Feb . 2023
Increasingly the manufacturing of complex products and component parts involves
significant automation functions. This chapter describes a cross section of automated
manufacturing systems used to fabricate, inspect, and assemble aircraft. Aircraft
manufacturing cost reductions were made possible by development of advanced
technologies and applied automation to produce high-quality products, make air
transportation affordable, and improve the standard of living for people around the
globe. Fabrication and assembly of a commercial aircraft involve a variety of detail
part fabrication and assembly operations. Fuselage assembly involves
riveting/fastening operations at five major assembly levels. The wing has three major
levels of assembly. The propulsion systems, landing gear, interiors, and several other
electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic systems are installed to complete the aircraft
structurally and, after functional tests, it normally gets painted and goes to the flight
ramp for final customer acceptance checks and delivery. Aircraft manufacturing
techniques are well developed, fabrication and assembly processes follow a defined
sequence, and process parameters for manual and mechanized/automated
manufacturing are precisely controlled. Process steps are inspected and documented
to meet the established Federal Aviation Administration quality requirements,
ensuring reliable functions of components, structures, and systems, which result in
dependable aircraft performance.
Aircraft manufacturing and assembly

14. Feb . 2023

15. Feb . 2023
‫الطائرات‬ ‫وتجمٌع‬ ‫تصنٌع‬
‫مهمة‬ ‫أتمتة‬ ‫وظائف‬ ‫متزاٌد‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫المكونات‬ ‫وأجزاء‬ ‫المعقدة‬ ‫المنتجات‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫ٌتضمن‬
.
‫ٌصف‬
‫وتجمٌع‬ ‫وفحص‬ ‫لتصنٌع‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ً‫اآلل‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫ألنظمة‬ ‫ا‬ًٌ‫عرض‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫مقط‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫هذا‬
‫الطائرات‬
.
‫واألتمتة‬ ‫المتقدمة‬ ‫التقنٌات‬ ‫تطوٌر‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫تخفٌض‬ ‫تم‬
‫مستوى‬ ‫وتحسٌن‬ ، ‫التكلفة‬ ‫مٌسور‬ ‫الجوي‬ ‫النقل‬ ‫وجعل‬ ، ‫الجودة‬ ‫عالٌة‬ ‫منتجات‬ ‫إلنتاج‬ ‫التطبٌقٌة‬
‫العالم‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫معٌشة‬
.
‫مجموعة‬ ‫التجارٌة‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ‫وتجمٌع‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫ٌتضمن‬
‫التفصٌلٌة‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫وتجمٌع‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌات‬ ‫من‬ ‫متنوعة‬
.
‫عملٌات‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ٌتضمن‬
‫التثبٌت‬
/
‫رئٌسٌة‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫مستوٌات‬ ‫خمسة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التثبٌت‬
.
‫مستوٌات‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الجناح‬ ‫ٌحتوي‬
‫للتجمٌع‬ ‫رئٌسٌة‬
.
‫والعدٌد‬ ، ‫الداخلٌة‬ ‫والتصمٌمات‬ ، ‫الهبوط‬ ‫ومعدات‬ ، ‫الدفع‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫تثبٌت‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫وبعد‬ ، ‫الطائرة‬ ‫هٌكل‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫والهوائٌة‬ ‫والهٌدرولٌكٌة‬ ‫الكهربائٌة‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫من‬
‫قبول‬ ‫فحوصات‬ ‫إلجراء‬ ‫الطٌران‬ ‫منحدر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وتذهب‬ ً‫ة‬‫عاد‬ ‫رسمها‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ، ‫الوظٌفٌة‬ ‫االختبارات‬
‫والتسلٌم‬ ‫النهائٌة‬ ‫العمٌل‬
.
‫التصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌات‬ ‫وتتبع‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫د‬ٌ‫ج‬ ‫التقنٌات‬ ‫تطوٌر‬ ‫الطائراتتم‬ ‫صناعة‬
‫الٌدوي‬ ‫بالتصنٌع‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫العملٌة‬ ‫معلمات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بدقة‬ ‫التحكم‬ ‫وٌتم‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫محد‬ ً
‫تسلسال‬ ‫والتجمٌع‬
ً‫واآلل‬
/
ً‫اآلل‬
.
‫إلدارة‬ ‫المحددة‬ ‫الجودة‬ ‫متطلبات‬ ‫لتلبٌة‬ ‫وتوثٌقها‬ ‫العملٌة‬ ‫خطوات‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫ٌؤدي‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫واألنظمة‬ ‫والهٌاكل‬ ‫للمكونات‬ ‫موثوقة‬ ‫وظائف‬ ‫ٌضمن‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫الفٌدرالٌة‬ ‫الطٌران‬
‫للطائرة‬ ‫علٌه‬ ‫االعتماد‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫إلى‬
.

16. Feb . 2023
The emergence of the industrial age brought significant changes
and impacts on living conditions of human societies. Innovative
product development in a free market environment, driven by a
desire to improve standards of living, led to revolutionary
products in computing, communications, and transportation that
impacted all levels of human activities. The key enabler of this
progress was improved industrial
productivity, which climaxed with automation technologies, starting
with hard automation (suit-able for mass production of consumer
goods) and evolved into intelligent automation (selectively used for
batch-type single-component fabrication) using computers and
software to precisely control complex processes.

17. Feb . 2023
‫الظروف‬ ‫على‬ ‫ا‬ً‫وآثار‬ ‫كبٌرة‬ ‫تغٌٌرات‬ ً‫الصناع‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫ظهور‬ ‫أحدث‬
‫البشرٌة‬ ‫للمجتمعات‬ ‫المعٌشٌة‬
.
‫بٌئة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المبتكرة‬ ‫المنتجات‬ ‫تطوٌر‬ ‫أدى‬
‫إلى‬ ، ‫المعٌشة‬ ‫مستوٌات‬ ‫تحسٌن‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫بالرغبة‬ ‫مدفوعة‬ ، ‫الحرة‬ ‫السوق‬
‫جمٌع‬ ‫على‬ ‫أثرت‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫والنقل‬ ‫واالتصاالت‬ ‫الحوسبة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫ثورةالمنتجات‬
‫البشرٌة‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫مستوٌات‬
.
‫هو‬ ‫التقدم‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫تحقٌق‬ ً‫ف‬ ً‫الرئٌس‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫كان‬
‫األتمتة‬ ‫تقنٌات‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ذروتها‬ ‫بلغت‬ ً‫الت‬ ، ‫الصناعةاإلنتاجٌة‬ ‫تحسٌن‬
(
‫االتوماتٌكٌة‬ ‫االنظمة‬
-
ًِ‫ل‬‫آ‬ ٌ‫ل‬ٌِ‫غ‬ْ‫ش‬َ‫ت‬
)
،
‫األتمتة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ء‬‫بد‬
(
‫لإلنتاج‬ ‫المناسبة‬
‫االستهالكٌة‬ ‫للسلع‬ ‫الضخم‬
)
‫ذكٌة‬ ‫أتمتة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وتطورت‬
(
‫بشكل‬ ‫ستخدم‬ُ‫ت‬
‫فعة‬ُ‫د‬‫ال‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫لتصنٌع‬ ً‫انتقائ‬
)
‫الكمبٌوتر‬ ‫أجهزة‬ ‫باستخدام‬
‫المعقدة‬ ‫العملٌات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الدقٌق‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫والبرمجٌات‬
.

18. Feb . 2023
Aircraft Manufacturing and Assembly Background
Aircraft manufacturing cost reductions were made possible by development of
advanced technologies and applied automation to produce high-quality products,
make air transportation affordable, and improve the standard of living for people
around the globe Fabrication and assembly of a commercial aircraft, such as the one
depicted in Fig, involves a variety of detail part fabrication and assembly operations.
A number of raw materials are machined and fabricated into detail parts, which are
then assembled into various levels of structural configurations. Starting with basic
assembly of detail parts into simple panels, they are then combined into super panels
and higher-level assemblies to produce the fuselage, wings, and finally the complete
aircraft. Integral designs and efficient production of new aircraft involve tradeoffs to
optimize materials, the number of parts and size of structures, use of innovative
processes, and adaptations of appropriate existing equipment and facilities.

19. ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫عن‬ ‫مقدمة‬
‫الطائرات‬ ‫وتجمٌع‬
‫تم‬
‫واألتمتة‬ ‫المتقدمة‬ ‫التقنٌات‬ ‫تطوٌر‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫تخفٌض‬
‫التطبٌقٌة‬
(
‫االلى‬ ‫التشغٌل‬
)
‫الجودة‬ ‫عالٌة‬ ‫منتجات‬ ‫إلنتاج‬
‫لجعل‬ ‫و‬،
‫الجوي‬ ‫النقل‬
‫مٌسور‬
‫العالم‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫لألشخاص‬ ‫المعٌشة‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫وتحسٌن‬ ، ‫التكلفة‬
.
‫ٌتضمن‬
‫التجارٌة‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ‫وتجمٌع‬ ‫تصنٌع‬
،
‫وتجمٌع‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌات‬ ‫من‬ ‫متنوعة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ، ‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫الموضحة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫مثل‬
‫التفصٌلٌة‬ ‫األجزاء‬
.
‫ثم‬ ، ‫تفصٌلٌة‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الخام‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫من‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫وتصنٌع‬ ‫تشكٌل‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫الهٌكلٌة‬ ‫التكوٌنات‬ ‫من‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫مستوٌات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫تجمٌعها‬ ‫ٌتم‬
.
‫من‬ ‫بدءا‬
‫لتجمٌع‬ ً‫األساس‬
‫الجودة‬ ‫فائقة‬ ‫لوحات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫دمجها‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ثم‬ ، ‫بسٌطة‬ ‫لوحات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التفصٌلٌة‬ ‫األجزاء‬
‫المجموعة‬ ً‫ا‬‫وأخٌر‬ ، ‫واألجنحة‬ ، ‫الطائرة‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫إلنتاج‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫وتجمٌعات‬
‫الكاملةالطائرات‬
.
‫الجدٌدة‬ ‫للطائرات‬ ‫الفعال‬ ‫واإلنتاج‬ ‫المتكاملة‬ ‫التصمٌمات‬ ‫تتضمن‬
‫التقنٌات‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫الهٌاكل‬ ‫وحجم‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫وعدد‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫لتحسٌن‬ ‫مقاٌضات‬
‫المناسبة‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫والمرافق‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫وتكٌٌف‬ ، ‫المبتكرةعملٌات‬
.
Feb . 2023

20. Feb . 2023

21. Feb . 2023
Fuselage assembly involves riveting/fastening operations at five major assembly
levels. At the first (lowest) level, skins, doublers, longerons, and shear ties are
joined to form a single panel. The size and complexity of single panels is primarily
driven by aerodynamics, load requirements, and function in operation of the
aircraft. At the second assembly level, several single panels are joined using additional
detail parts along longitudinal and radial joints into super panels. Frames
are usually attached to shear ties during this operation. Assembly of the floor grid
structure (also second-level assembly) joins the floor beams and seat tracks.
‫التثبٌت‬ ‫عملٌات‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ٌتضمن‬
/
‫رئٌسٌة‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫مستوٌات‬ ‫خمسة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التثبٌت‬
.
ً‫ف‬
‫األول‬ ‫المستوى‬
(
‫األدنى‬
)
‫تكون‬ ،
‫الطوٌلة‬ ‫الزواٌا‬ ، ‫التقوٌات‬ ،‫االسكنات‬
‫إلى‬ ‫القصانضم‬ ‫وأربطة‬ ،
‫واحدة‬ ‫لوحة‬ ‫تشكٌل‬
.
‫الهوائٌة‬ ‫بالدٌنامٌكا‬ ً‫أساس‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫مدفوع‬ ‫المفردة‬ ‫األلواح‬ ‫وتعقٌد‬ ‫حجم‬
‫تشغٌاللطائرات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫والوظٌفة‬ ‫الحمل‬ ‫ومتطلبات‬
.
‫من‬ ‫العدٌد‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ، ً‫الثان‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ً‫ف‬
ً‫ف‬ ‫والشعاعٌة‬ ‫الطولٌة‬ ‫الوصالت‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬ ‫إضافٌة‬ ‫تفصٌلٌة‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫المفردة‬ ‫اللوحات‬
‫فائقة‬ ‫ألواح‬
.
‫العملٌة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫القص‬ ‫برباط‬ ‫مرتبطة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫اإلطاراتعادة‬
.
‫هٌكل‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ٌربط‬
‫األرضٌة‬ ‫شبكة‬
(
ً‫الثان‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬ٌ‫أ‬
)
‫المقاعد‬ ‫ومسارات‬ ‫األرضٌة‬ ‫عوارض‬
.

22. Feb . 2023

23. Feb . 2023

24. Feb . 2023
At the third assembly level, half shells are created by joining super panels and the
floor grid is often attached to the upper or lower half-shell of the fuselage. Fourth-
level assembly involves longitudinal joining of barrel halves to complete the
individual barrel structures. Fifth-level (highest) assembly does the 360◦ radial joins
which fasten the nose, forward, center, and aft fuselage barrels together. Inside
these structures, multiple radial doublers, couplings, and fittings are installed to
complete the aircraft’s fuselage structure. The wing has three major levels of
assembly. The first (lowest) assembly level joins the upper and lower skin panels,
spars, and bulkheads (consisting of N/Cmachined skins, stringers, and stiffeners). At
the second assembly level, spars and bulkheads are joined to form the wing grid, to
which skin panels are attached to create the wing box. The third (highest) assembly
level joins leading and trailing edge components to the wing box to complete the
wing structure. The wing is joined to the fuselage in the appropriate sequence to
complete the airframe.

25. ‫ٌتم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫وغال‬ ‫الفائقة‬ ‫األلواح‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫االنضمام‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫األصداف‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫إنشاء‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ، ‫الثالث‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ً‫ف‬
‫الطائرة‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫من‬ ً‫السفل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العلوي‬ ‫بالجزء‬ ‫األرضٌة‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫ربط‬
.
‫ا‬ً‫ربط‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫من‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫ٌتضمن‬
‫الفردٌة‬ ‫البرمٌل‬ ‫هٌاكل‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫البرمٌل‬ ً‫لنصف‬ ‫ا‬ًٌ‫طول‬
.
‫الخامس‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ٌقوم‬
(
‫األعلى‬
)
‫الوصالت‬ ‫بعمل‬
‫بزاوٌة‬ ‫الشعاعٌة‬
360
‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫م‬ ‫والخلف‬ ‫والوسط‬ ‫واألمام‬ ‫األنف‬ ‫برامٌل‬ ‫تربط‬ ً‫والت‬ ‫درجة‬
.
‫ٌتم‬ ، ‫الهٌاكل‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫داخل‬
‫الطائرة‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫هٌكل‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫والتجهٌزات‬ ‫والوصالت‬ ‫الشعاعٌة‬ ‫المضاعفات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العدٌد‬ ‫تثبٌت‬
.
‫على‬ ‫الجناح‬ ‫ٌحتوي‬
‫للتجمٌع‬ ‫رئٌسٌة‬ ‫مستوٌات‬ ‫ثالثة‬
.
‫األول‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫ٌنضم‬
(
‫األدنى‬
)
، ‫والسفلٌة‬ ‫العلوٌة‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫ألواح‬ ‫إلى‬
‫والحواجز‬ ، ‫والسبارات‬
(
‫من‬ ‫تتكون‬ ً‫الت‬
‫االسكنات‬
N / C
،
‫تقوٌة‬ ‫ومواد‬ ، ‫وأوتار‬
.)
، ً‫الثان‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ً‫ف‬
‫الجناح‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫إلنشاء‬ ‫بها‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫ألواح‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ً‫والت‬ ، ‫الجناح‬ ‫شبكة‬ ‫لتشكٌل‬ ‫والحواجز‬ ‫السارٌات‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫ٌتم‬
.
‫الثالث‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫ٌنضم‬
(
‫األعلى‬
)
‫هٌكل‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫الجناح‬ ‫صندوق‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫والخلفٌة‬ ‫األمامٌة‬ ‫الحافة‬ ‫مكونات‬ ‫بٌن‬
‫الجناح‬
.
‫الطائرة‬ ‫هٌكل‬ ‫إلكمال‬ ‫المناسب‬ ‫بالتسلسل‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫بجسم‬ ‫الجناح‬ ‫ربط‬ ‫ٌتم‬
.
Feb . 2023

26. Feb . 2023
PARTS MANUFACTURE
Parts manufacture at aircraft factory consists of bonded parts, sheet metal parts, and
machined parts.
BONDED PARTS
Approximately in advanced aircraft factory, more than 20% of the total structural
weight in military aircraft is composite.
The manufacturing consists of monolithic parts and honeycomb sandwich parts.
The pre-impregnated materials used are carbon fabric, carbon tape and aramid
fabric, while the honeycombs are aluminum and plastic (Nomex, Syncore) cored.
Machinery used includes material cutting machines, autoclaves, NC machining, ultra-
sonic and X-ray equipment, laser projection lay-up tools and an Automatic Tape Layer
Machine (ATLM), as seen in Figure . The ATLM is fully automated, and it is
complemented with human surveillance. Many of the other machines are semi-
automated. However, even though some automation is mentioned, the main part of the
work is performed manually.
Composite manufacturing is a complex process that requires extensive qualifications
when production is transferred to new locations.
2- Aircraft general manufacturing process

27. ‫األجزاء‬ ‫تصنٌع‬
‫آلٌة‬ ‫وأجزاء‬ ‫المعدنٌة‬ ‫الصفائح‬ ‫من‬ ‫وأجزاء‬ ‫مربوطة‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫من‬ ‫الطائرات‬ ‫مصنع‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫ٌتكون‬
.
‫األجزاء‬
‫المربوطة‬
(
‫بالرباط‬ ‫تجمٌع‬
)
‫أكثر‬
‫من‬
20
‫الطائرات‬ ً‫ف‬ ً‫الهٌكل‬ ‫الوزن‬ ً‫إجمال‬ ‫من‬ ٪
‫من‬ ‫المتقدمة‬
‫المركبة‬ ‫المواد‬
.
‫الفٌبر‬ ‫مع‬ ‫النحل‬ ‫عش‬ ‫وأجزاء‬ ‫الفٌبر‬ ‫من‬ ‫متجانسة‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫من‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫ٌتكون‬
.
‫الفٌبر‬ ‫نسٌج‬ ‫و‬ ‫الكربون‬ ‫وشرٌط‬ ‫الكربون‬ ‫نسٌج‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫المواد‬
‫والبالستٌك‬ ‫األلمنٌوم‬ ‫خامة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النحل‬ ‫عش‬ ‫أن‬ ‫حٌن‬ ً‫ف‬ ،
(
‫سٌنكور‬ ، ‫نومكس‬
)
.
‫وآالت‬ ، ‫التعقٌم‬ ‫وأجهزة‬ ، ‫المواد‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫آالت‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫تشمل‬
NC
‫الصوتٌة‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫األشعة‬ ‫ومعدات‬ ،
‫األوتوماتٌكٌة‬ ‫الشرٌط‬ ‫طبقة‬ ‫وآلة‬ ‫باللٌزر‬ ‫اإلسقاط‬ ‫تخطٌط‬ ‫وأدوات‬ ، ‫السٌنٌة‬ ‫واألشعة‬
(ATLM)
‫هو‬ ‫كما‬ ،
‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫موضح‬
.
‫إن‬
ATLM
‫البشرٌة‬ ‫بالمراقبة‬ ‫استكماله‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫بالكامل‬ ‫اتوماتٌكٌة‬
.
‫آلٌة‬ ‫شبه‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫العدٌد‬
.
‫ا‬ًٌ‫ٌدو‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫من‬ ً‫الرئٌس‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫تنفٌذ‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ، ‫األتمتة‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫من‬ ‫الرغم‬ ‫على‬ ، ‫ذلك‬ ‫ومع‬
.
‫مواقع‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫النطاق‬ ‫واسعة‬ ‫مؤهالت‬ ‫تتطلب‬ ‫معقدة‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫المركب‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫من‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫ٌعد‬
‫جدٌدة‬
Feb . 2023

28. Feb . 2023
SHEET METAL PARTS
Within the manufacturing of sheet metal parts there are several sub-processes
which contain different processing operations, for example milling, chopping and
sawing. The parts are later shaped by edging, pressing, stretch forming, joggling and
straightening. The sub-processes also include property enhancing such as heat
treatment and surface processing such as cleaning and surface treatment.
Here, two processes (stretch forming and straightening)it is important in tacit
knowledge. When stretch forming, the material is exposed to elongation. The sheet
metal is pre-shaped before the stretch forming operation. The pre-shaped sheet
metal is then clamped from beneath with a tool
The tool is pressed upwards and pushes the sheet metal into the same shape as the
tool. This process consists of machine force and manual precision and decision.

29. ‫معدنٌة‬ ‫أجزاء‬
‫معدنٌة‬ ‫اللوح‬ ‫التشكٌل‬ ‫باستخدام‬
‫عملٌات‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫الفرعٌة‬ ‫العملٌات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العدٌد‬ ‫المعدنٌة‬ ‫الصفائح‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫تصنٌع‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫ٌوجد‬
‫والنشر‬ ‫والتقطٌع‬ ‫الطحن‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫مختلفة‬ ‫معالجة‬
.
‫والضغط‬ ‫الحواف‬ ‫طرٌق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫الح‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫تشكٌل‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫واالستقامة‬ ‫والركض‬ ‫والتمدد‬
.
‫الحرارٌة‬ ‫المعالجة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الخواص‬ ‫تحسٌن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬ٌ‫أ‬ ‫الفرعٌة‬ ‫العملٌات‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫األسطح‬ ‫ومعالجة‬ ‫التنظٌف‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫األسطح‬ ‫ومعالجة‬
.
‫عملٌتان‬ ، ‫هنا‬
(
‫واالستقامة‬ ‫التمدد‬ ‫تشكٌل‬
)
‫الضمنٌة‬ ‫المعرفة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫مهمان‬
.
‫تتعرض‬ ، ‫التمدد‬ ‫تشكٌل‬ ‫عند‬
‫لالستطالة‬ ‫المادة‬
.
‫بالتمدد‬ ‫التشكٌل‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫المعدنٌة‬ ‫الصفائح‬ ‫تشكٌل‬ ‫ٌتم‬
.
‫تثبٌت‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫بأداة‬ ‫أسفل‬ ‫من‬ ‫التشكٌل‬ ‫مسبقة‬ ‫المعدنٌة‬ ‫الصفائح‬
‫األداة‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المعدنٌة‬ ‫الصفائح‬ ‫وتدفع‬ ‫ألعلى‬ ‫األداة‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫ٌتم‬
.
‫اآللة‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫من‬ ‫العملٌة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تتكون‬
‫والقرار‬ ‫الٌدوٌة‬ ‫والدقة‬
.
Feb . 2023

30. Feb . 2023
Parts that arrive at “straightening” undergo control of shape. When deviations
occur the operator has to reshape the part to fit the tool. The straightening
process consists of craftsmanship: the operator has a tool, a drawing and a
large set of hammers. The level of automation is very low. The straightening
process today is
very difficult to conduct with the help of machines, as operators have to feel
and see how the material is affected. The production documentation mainly
consists of a drawing and the wording “control of shape”. This type of
documentation is remarkably short for such a complex process, due to the
difficulty of describing skills.
‫إلى‬ ‫تصل‬ ً‫الت‬ ‫األجزاء‬
"
‫االستقامة‬
"
‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫للتحكم‬ ‫تخضع‬
.
‫المشغل‬ ‫على‬ ‫ٌتعٌن‬ ، ‫انحرافات‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬
‫األداة‬ ‫لٌالئم‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫تشكٌل‬ ‫إعادة‬
.
‫الحرفٌة‬ ‫من‬ ‫االستقامة‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫تتكون‬
:
‫ومجموعة‬ ‫ورسم‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫المشغل‬ ‫لدى‬
‫المطارق‬ ‫من‬ ‫كبٌرة‬
.
‫للغاٌة‬ ‫منخفض‬ ‫األتمتة‬ ‫مستوى‬
.
‫ذلك‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫ا‬ً‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫الصعب‬ ‫هٌمن‬ ‫الٌوم‬ ‫االستقامة‬ ‫عملٌة‬
‫المواد‬ ‫تتأثر‬ ‫كٌف‬ ‫وٌروا‬ ‫ٌشعروا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المشغلٌن‬ ‫على‬ ‫ٌتعٌن‬ ‫حٌث‬ ، ‫اآلالت‬ ‫بمساعدة‬
.
‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫وثائق‬ ‫تتكون‬
‫وعبارة‬ ‫رسم‬ ‫من‬ ً‫أساس‬ ‫بشكل‬
"
‫الشكل‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التحكم‬
."
‫هذه‬ ‫لمثل‬ ‫ملحوظ‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫قصٌر‬ ‫التوثٌق‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬
‫المهارات‬ ‫وصف‬ ‫صعوبة‬ ‫بسبب‬ ، ‫المعقدة‬ ‫العملٌة‬

31. Feb . 2023
MACHINED PARTS
Machined parts involve spars, stringers, skins, nuts, bushings and bolts. The
manufacturing process includes integrated structural parts: stiffeners, brackets
and connecting points are integrated into one machined part. The choice of
production method within the manufacturing process is based on part
requirements such as part thickness, size and complexity and available
equipment. Almost half of all parts will require High Speed Machining (HSM) 5
and 7-axis NC machines.
Remaining parts can be produced in 3, 4 and 5-axis conventional machining and
multi-turning. HSM machining and conventional machining can be defined as a
shaping process with material removal within a processing operation.
The level of automation within “machined parts” is convincingly higher than in
other segments at advanced aircraft manufacturing . Some machines are fully
automated, supervised by a worker. However, most of the machines are semi-
automated.

32. Feb . 2023
‫التشغٌل‬ ‫بنظام‬ ‫تصنع‬ ‫التى‬ ‫االجزاء‬
‫تشمل‬
‫والمسامٌر‬ ، ‫والبطانات‬ ، ‫والصوامٌل‬ ، ‫والجلود‬ ، ‫والموترٌن‬ ، ‫السارٌات‬ ‫ُشكلة‬‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫األجزاء‬
.
‫تشتمل‬
‫متكاملة‬ ‫هٌكلٌة‬ ‫أجزاء‬ ‫على‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌة‬
:
‫واحد‬ ‫جزء‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫التوصٌل‬ ‫ونقاط‬ ‫واألقواس‬ ‫التقوٌة‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫دمج‬ ‫ٌتم‬
‫ا‬ًٌ‫آل‬ ‫ُشغل‬‫م‬
.
‫وحجمه‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫سمك‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫متطلبات‬ ‫على‬ ‫التصنٌع‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫اإلنتاج‬ ‫طرٌقة‬ ‫اختٌار‬ ‫ٌعتمد‬
‫المتاحة‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫وتعقٌده‬
.
‫السرعة‬ ‫عالٌة‬ ‫آالت‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬ٌ‫تقر‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫سٌتطلب‬
(
HSM)
‫ذات‬
5
‫و‬
7
‫محاور‬
NC.
‫ذات‬ ‫تقلٌدٌة‬ ‫آالت‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫المتبقٌة‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫إنتاج‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
3
‫و‬
4
‫و‬
5
‫الخراطة‬ ‫ومتعددة‬ ‫محاور‬
.
‫ٌمكن‬
‫آلٌة‬ ‫تعرٌف‬
HSM
‫المعالجة‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تشكٌل‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫على‬ ‫التقلٌدٌة‬ ‫والمعالجة‬
.
‫إن‬
‫داخل‬ ‫األتمتة‬ ‫مستوى‬
"
‫المصنعة‬ ‫األجزاء‬
"
‫الطائرات‬ ‫صناعة‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫القطاعات‬ ً‫ف‬ ‫منه‬ ‫مقنع‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫أعلى‬
‫المتقدمة‬
.
‫عامل‬ ‫علٌها‬ ‫وٌشرف‬ ‫بالكامل‬ ‫مؤتمتة‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫بعض‬
.
‫آلٌة‬ ‫شبه‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫فإن‬ ، ‫ذلك‬ ‫ومع‬
.

33. Feb . 2023
SURFACE TREATMENT
This process describes cleaning, surface treatment, chemical milling, parts
painting including primer and finishing coating, painting of assemblies and
painting of a complete aircraft. Within the surface treatment process, the
degree of automation is very low. It is a challenging process; the final result
cannot be verified without destructive testing.
‫بما‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫وطالء‬ ، ً‫الكٌمٌائ‬ ‫والطحن‬ ، ‫األسطح‬ ‫ومعالجة‬ ، ‫التنظٌف‬ ‫العملٌة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫السطحٌةتصف‬ ‫المعالجة‬
‫كاملة‬ ‫طائرة‬ ‫وطالء‬ ، ‫التجمٌعات‬ ‫وطالء‬ ، ‫والتشطٌب‬ ‫التمهٌدي‬ ‫الطالء‬ ‫ذلك‬ ً‫ف‬
.
‫المعالجة‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫خالل‬
‫للغاٌة‬ ‫منخفضة‬ ‫األتمتة‬ ‫درجة‬ ‫تكون‬ ، ‫السطحٌة‬
.
‫صعبة‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫إنها‬
.
‫بدون‬ ‫النهائٌة‬ ‫النتٌجة‬ ‫من‬ ‫التحقق‬ ‫ٌمكن‬ ‫ال‬
ً‫إتالف‬ ‫اختبار‬
.

34. Feb . 2023
AIRCRAFT ASSEMBLY
in details
‫الطائرة‬ ‫هٌكل‬ ‫لتجمٌع‬ ‫التفصٌلى‬ ‫الشرح‬

35. Feb . 2023
General
STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY
The main structural parts such as wings, fuselages and tail cones are assembled
and later delivered to final assembly
Structure assembly is an assembly operation mainly involving mechanical fastening,
both permanent fastening and threaded fastening. For example, the fuselage is
assembled with approximately thousands of fasteners and all joints are surface-
sealed,
No structural assembly during systems installation to prevents FOD (Foreign Object
Debris) and improves quality.
Drilling, countersinking of holes and application of aluminum on wing skins for
lightning strike protection is performed semi automatically.
All drilling can, when needed be performed manually with drill jigs.
The most frequently used tools are different jigs: stationary assembly jigs, rotating
assembly jigs, bench assembly jigs, and mounting and drilling jigs. The overall level
of automation within “structure assembly” is very low.

36. Feb . 2023
‫عام‬
‫الهٌكل‬ ‫تجمٌع‬
‫ٌتم‬
‫التجمٌع‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫الح‬ ‫تسلٌمها‬ ‫الذٌلوٌتم‬ ‫ومخارٌط‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫وجسم‬ ‫األجنحة‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الرئٌسٌة‬ ‫الهٌكلٌة‬ ‫األجزاء‬ ‫تجمٌع‬
‫والتثبٌت‬ ‫الدائم‬ ‫التثبٌت‬ ‫من‬ ‫كل‬ ، ً‫المٌكانٌك‬ ‫التثبٌت‬ ً‫أساس‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫عملٌة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الهٌكل‬ ‫النهائٌتجمٌع‬
ً‫اللولب‬
.
‫وجمٌع‬ ‫التثبٌت‬ ‫أدوات‬ ‫من‬ ‫اآلالف‬ ‫من‬ ‫ٌقرب‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الطائرة‬ ‫جسم‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ٌتم‬ ، ‫المثال‬ ‫سبٌل‬ ‫على‬
‫لمنع‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫تثبٌت‬ ‫أثناء‬ ً‫هٌكل‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ٌوجد‬ ‫ال‬، ‫السطح‬ ‫على‬ ‫الغلق‬ ‫محكمة‬ ‫الوصالت‬
FOD (
‫األجسام‬ ‫حطام‬
‫الغرٌبة‬
)
‫الجودة‬ ‫وتحسٌن‬
.
‫األجنحة‬ ‫جلود‬ ‫على‬ ‫األلومنٌوم‬ ‫وتطبٌق‬ ، ‫الثقوب‬ ‫وفتح‬ ، ‫الحفر‬ ‫عملٌات‬ ‫تنفٌذ‬ ‫ٌتم‬
ً‫تلقائ‬ ‫شبه‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫الصواعق‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحماٌة‬
.
‫أجهزة‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ، ‫الحاجة‬ ‫عند‬ ، ‫ا‬ًٌ‫ٌدو‬ ‫الحفر‬ ‫عملٌات‬ ‫جمٌع‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫ٌمكن‬
‫الحفر‬
.
‫المختلفة‬ ‫الرقصات‬ ً‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫استخدا‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫األدوات‬
:
، ‫الدوارة‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫وراقصات‬ ، ‫الثابتة‬ ‫التجمٌع‬ ‫منصات‬
‫والحفر‬ ‫التثبٌت‬ ‫وأجهزة‬ ، ‫المقاعد‬ ‫تجمٌع‬ ‫ووحدات‬
.
‫ضمن‬ ‫لألتمتة‬ ‫العام‬ ‫المستوى‬
"
‫الهٌكل‬ ‫تجمٌع‬
"
‫منخفض‬
‫للغاٌة‬
.