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Lecture 9
Economic Development
Opening
Prayer
Quiz Masters
Paper
Edify
To instruct especially so as to encourage intellectual, moral, or
spiritual improvement.
Edify Has Latin Roots
Edify comes from the Latin verb aedificare, meaning "to instruct or
improve spiritually"; it is based on aedes, the word for
"temple." Edify shares the spiritual meaning of its Latin root, but it is
also used in general contexts to refer to the act of instructing in a
way that improves the mind or character overall.
Theories
Understand Why
Use knowledge to
achieve your goals
Theory
Statement of Causation
Model
Economic Theory
Economic Growth Models
Solow
Romer
Capitals of Innovation
2.2% 10%
32 years 7 years
Growth
Catching Up
Cutting Edge
Catching Up
adopt
imitate
Cutting Edge
new ideas
new inventions
new innovations
Model
Simplify
Assumptions
Facts Facts and Theory
Model
Mathematically Correct
Economically Flawed
Functions
X
Y
Linear
Diminishing
Exponential
Y = X
Y = X2
Y = √X
Robert Solow Paul Romer
Solow Model
You must have capital to create income.
Capital has diminishing returns to income.
Your capital wears out.
You need to save a portion of your income to
replace worn out capital
Solow Model
Income = f(Capital)
Y = f(K)
Capital has diminishing returns
Y = f(√K)
Save from Income to replace Capital
Saving = sY
Depreciation is real
D = dK
Solow Growth Model
Y = √K
Capital K
Y
Output
Solow Growth Model
Y = √K
D = dK
D = dK
Capital K
Y
Output
Solow Growth Model
Y = √K
S = I = s√K
Capital K
Y
Output
S = I = s√K
Solow Growth Model
Y = √K
S = I = s√K
D = dk
Capital K
Y
Output
savings rate = 30% of income
depreciation rate = 2.5% of your capital
K = 100
s = .30 or 30%
d = .025 or 2.5%
Y = ?
S = ?
D = ?
Consumption = ?
Quiz
Solow Growth Model
Y = √K
S = I = s√K
D = dk
Capital K
Y
Output
100
10
3
2.5
savings rate = 30% of income
depreciation rate = 2.5% of your capital
Consumption
10 - 3 = 7
Solow Growth Model
Y = √K
S = I = s√K
D = dk
Capital K
Y
Output
144
12
3.6
savings rate = 30% of income
depreciation rate = 2.5% of your capital
Consumption
12 - 3.6 = 8.4
Increase Savings
Increase Productivity
Two Ways to Grow
Increase Savings Rate
Increase Technology
Solow Growth Model
Yabut….
Diminishing?
Ideas
Increasing Returns
Romer
Growth Model
Ideas
Every generation has underestimated the
potential for finding new ideas…Possibilities
do not add up. They multiply
A + B
A x B
AB
Economics of Ideas
Ideas
Inventions
Innovations
Increasing Returns
A candle loses nothing
by lighting another
candle
- John Heller
Rates of Return
Increasing
Romer
Decreasing
Solow
The Capitals of
Innovation
What is Wealth?
Any thing we value
What is Economics?
The study of how
human beings create
value for one another
What is Capital?
Any thing we can use
to create value
Culture
Human Beings
Ideas
Physical Human Intellectual Financial
Inventions
Entrepreneurs Free Markets
Innovations
The Capitals of Innovation
Human Beings
The Capitals of Innovation
Julian Simon Don Boudreaux
Julian Simon Adam Smith
Culture
Human Beings
The Capitals of Innovation
Cultural Capital?
How people treat
each other
Cultural Capital is
determined by the
worldview of leaders
Ed9

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Ed9