The document discusses several key components of cameras: - Viewfinders allow photographers to compose and focus images. Most cameras have separate viewfinders while SLR cameras use the main optical system. - Lenses focus light and images. Complex lens designs with multiple elements are needed to correct optical aberrations. Interchangeable lenses allow different focal lengths and apertures. - Image sensors detect light and convert it to digital signals that form images. Common types include CCD and CMOS chips in digital cameras.

1. Capturing images

2. Viewfinder
• In photography, a viewfinder is what the photographer looks through to compose, and, in many cases, to
focus the picture. Most viewfinders are separate, and suffer parallax, while the single-lens reflex camera lets
the viewfinder use the main optical system. Viewfinders are used in many cameras of different types: still
and movie, film, analogy and digital. A zoom camera usually zooms its finder in sync with its lens, one
exception being rangefinder cameras.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viewfinder

3. Lens ( functions and types)
• A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical
lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to
make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing
an image chemically or electronically.
• There is no major difference in principle between a lens used for a still camera, a video
camera, a telescope, a microscope, or other apparatus, but the detailed design and
construction are different. A lens might be permanently fixed to a camera, or it might be
interchangeable with lenses of different focal lengths, apertures, and other properties.
• While in principle a simple convex lens will suffice, in practice a compound lens made up
of a number of optical lens elements is required to correct (as much as possible) the
many optical aberrations that arise. Some aberrations will be present in any lens system.
It is the job of the lens designer to balance these and produce a design that is suitable for
photographic use and possibly mass production.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens

4. Image sensor
• An image sensor or imaging sensor is a sensor that detects and conveys the information that
constitutes an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they
pass through or reflect off objects) into signals, small bursts of current that convey the
information. The waves can be light or other electromagnetic radiation. Image sensors are used in
electronic imaging devices of both analog and digital types, which include digital cameras, camera
modules, medical imaging equipment, night vision equipment such as thermal imaging devices,
radar, sonar, and others. As technology changes, digital imaging tends to replace analog imaging.
• Early analog sensors for visible light were video camera tubes. Currently, used types are
semiconductor charge-coupled devices (CCD) or active pixel sensors in complementary metal–
oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) or N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS, Live MOS)
technologies. Analog sensors for invisible radiation tend to involve vacuum tubes of various kinds.
Digital sensors include flat panel detectors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_sensor

5. Aperture (F-stop)
• Aperture is one of the three pillars of photography, the other two being ISO and Shutter Speed.
Without a doubt, it is the most talked about subject, because aperture either adds a dimension to
a photograph by blurring the background, or magically brings everything in focus. In this article, I
will try to explain everything I know about aperture in very simple language.
https://photographylife.com/what-is-aperture-in-photography/

6. Shutter
• Shutter Speed is one of the three pillars of photography, the other
two being ISO and Aperture. Shutter speed is where the other side of
the magic happens – it is responsible for creating dramatic effects by
either freezing action or blurring motion. In this article, I will try to
explain everything I know about shutter speed in very simple
language.
• https://photographylife.com/what-is-shutter-speed-in-photography/

7. Memory (card & internal storage)
• A memory card, flash card or memory cartridge is an electronic flash memory data storage device
used for storing digital information. These are commonly used in portable electronic devices, such
as digital cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers, tablets, PDAs, portable media players, video
game consoles, synthesizers, electronic keyboards, and digital pianos.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_card