gender planning and methodology

1. COLLEGE OG AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT(POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM)
GENDER ANALYSIS AND PLANNING GROUP ASSIGNMENT
TITLE: TOWARDS GENDER PLANNING: A NEW PLANNING TRADITION AND PLANNING METHODOLOGY
DONE BY GROUP -3
1. CHALA TOFIK…………………..SGS/0324/12
2. BARITU DAWID ……………......SGS/0348/12
3. ABDI YASIN……………………..SGS/1120/12
4. MOHAMMED AHMED…………SGS/0334/12
5. MAREGN ALEMU….………….SGS/0332/12
6. TEREFE DESTA……....………SGS/1130/12

2. 1 NEW PLANNING TRADITION AND PLANNING METHODOLOGY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
 Gender planning which takes gender as a key variable or criterion
and which seeks to incorporate an explicit gender dimension into policy or action
Its about Integrating a gender perspective into the planning and design of policies, programmes
and projects
The formation and implementation of policies, programmes and projects that ignores,
disadvantages or discriminates the women results the assumption of this gender planning.
The main goal of this gender planning is:
 women's release from subordination and emancipation

3. 1.1.1 Characteristics of gender planning
 Its both political and technical in nature
 It assumes conflict in the planning process
 It involves transformative processes
 It characterizes planning as a debate
 It focuses on gender

4. 1.1.2 why is gender planning so important ?
It emancipates women from their subordinate position.
Enables women's and men's needs to be visible.
It ensures more appropriate development.
It eradicates gender gap in access to and control of resource, opportunities. Etc
Enables policy makers to understand gender inequalities when planning an intervention.
Fulfills the needs and demands of women by involving both men and women.
Can achieve equality and equity of women with men.

5. 2. A new planning tradition and planning methodology
 Unrecognition triple role, lack of resource access and control and others leads to inequality, subordination,
exploitation and others leads to feminist movement leads formulation of WID policy.
 The inappropriateness of this policy leads formulation of GAD policy then this feminist movement and
WID/GAD debates leads to gender planning
 Gender planning developed as a planning tradition in its own right as the consequence of the inappropriateness of
current planning stereotypes like:
 Failure to recognize that low income households are not homogeneous in terms of family structure.
 Unrecognizing inappropriate gender division of Labour within the household. And others
 It describes the emerging traditions of gender planning, and its methodological tools, procedures and techniques.
 Its purpose is to propose a new framework that can effectively aid the goal of the emancipation of women through
strategies to challenge and overcome oppressive roles and relationships.

6.  Planning tradition defines the objective, purposes and agenda of gender planning but
gender methodology defines both the planning process and the organizational structures that
implement it.
 According to safier(1990) planning tradition can be categorized into three generations:
1. Classical tradition
2. applied tradition
3. transformative tradition
1.classical tradition
 Started around 1890s.
 Concerned with physical and spatial problems of city growth.

7. Its spatial in nature and engineers and architects usually execute it.
The planning methodology was the traditional survey to analysis to plan.
Its product orientated.
Its rejected because of :
Its politically authoritarian and epistemologically naïve.
State bureaucrats
2. Applied tradition
It was developed during 1950s and 1960s.
It shifts its concern from spatial and physical domain to economic, social and governmental system.
It consists of several logical stages:

8. Problem identification and develop through data collection and processing,
The formation of goals and objectives and the design of alternative plans follow,
Finally, there is a processes of decision making, implementation monitoring and feedback.
Its criticized in that it focuses on means of planning rather than product.
Its both contentless (it specifies cognitive and behavioral procedures but does not investigate their content)
and contextless (it fails to locate planning in its historical context).
3. Transformative tradition
Its currently undergoing and yet to be fully established, such as development, environmental and also gender
planning
It considers the issue of gender
It integrates conflict and negotiation into planning process

9. 2.1 characteristics of gender planning as a new planning tradition and methodology
 It focuses on gender
The knowledge base comes from feminist theories and WID/GAD debates
 Its goal is to release women from subordination and emancipation
 Its agenda include:
 Equality in the gender division of Labour within the household
 Equal control over resource and power of decision making within the family
 Equality in gender division of Labour in paid employment
 Equal participation in local and national level political process

10. 2.2 methodological tools
 The following are the principles with their associated planning tools in which planning is undertaken
1. Gender roles and gender role identification
 The first principles is that gender planning should provide information on gender role.
 Gender role identification is a tool which assess gender roles.
2. Gender need and gender need assessment
 The second principle is the distinction between practical and strategic gender needs.
 The tool for this is gender need assessment.

11. 3. equal intra-household resource allocation and disaggregated data
at household level
 The third principle is about intra-household resource allocation in terms of ensuring equal access to
and control over resources between men and women.
 The necessary tool is disaggregated data at the intra-household level. Which ensures that planning
equally benefits all members of the household.
4. balancing of roles and intersectoral linked planning
 The other principle is about balancing of roles which related to the co-ordination of their triple
roles
 The tool is the intersectoral linked planning that links different activities and scale of planning,
such as home and transport.

12. 5. relationship between roles and needs and WID/GAD matrix
 The fifth principle is the relationship between roles and needs
 The relevant planning tool is the WID/GAD matrix
6. equal control over decision making in the political/planning domain and gender participatory planning
 The sixth principle relates to equality between men and women.
 Participation of local women in the planning process may result greater control over the resource allocation
but it may not reduce intra-household inequalities.
 The planning tool is the incorporation of women, gender aware organizations, and planners into planning.
 This aims to ensure the real, as against perceived, practical and strategic gender needs are identified and
incorporated into planning process.

13. 2.3 gender planning procedures
 The above methodological tools are not only important for planning generally.
 In addition they are fundamental inputs for incorporation into planning procedures .
 The following are a planning procedures but they are not stages in a logical framework, rather they are
iterative and overlapping procedures that can be incorporated at any stages of planning.
1. gender diagnosis
 Its about identifying the particular implications of specific problems of development for men and womes
and the relationship between them.
 It has two stages:
1. analysis of the problem by using methodological tools
2. the organizations of problems into cause and effect

14.  The pre-condition for gender diagnosis is the involvement of women researcher in the data collection.
2. gender objective
 It sets the agenda for intervention that identifies which gender needs are to be selected and its strategies.
3. gender monitoring
 Its about assessment of the design and planning(objectives, results pursued, activities planned), the
implementation and results of an ongoing activity, project, program or policy from gender perspective.
 Evaluation and monitoring can be undertaken through answering specific questions. Such as:
What will be the impact on women in their triple role ?
 what will be the impact on women's ability to balance their triple role ?

15. 4. gender consultation and participation
 Its about engaging and ensuring the meaningful participation of women and men, including civil
society organizations and gender experts in the gender planning process.
 It ensures negotiation and debates in the planning process.
 To be effective, its necessary to address the following questions
 Why participation ?
 When to participate ?
 Whose participate ?
 How to participate ?

16. 2.4 components of gender planning practice
 WID policy frequently fail to become implemented practice.
 The increasing priority for those working on gender issues relates to the inability to translate formulated
gender policy into practice.
 The development and adoption of gender planning as a new planning discipline with its particular
principles, tools and procedures does not ensure its successful implementation into planning practice.
 So in order to make change, its critical to identify the constraints and opportunities acting up on them.
 This focuses on the components of gender planning which determine the implementation process such as:
Institutional structure
Operational procedures
Training strategies for gender planning

17. 1. Institutional structure
 In the implementation of gender planning, the first constraints for consideration is that of institutional factor.
to identify those constraints its necessary to answer:
 Is separate institutions or mainstreaming is the problem ? Its necessary to create a new institutional
structures or mainstreaming gender into existing structure ?
 The creation of new institutional structures or gendering of existed structure, may not in themselves ensure
the successful implementation of gender planning. Its necessary to look into other technical and political
constraints like:
 nature of institutionalization
 structural location
 lack of coherent policy
 lack of control over resources and limited staff
 lack of awareness of gender planning

18. 2. Operational procedures for implementation of gender policy,
programs and projects
 Along with institutional structures, operational procedures designed to translate planning into practice is
an issue.
 Because of inappropriate planning procedures, gender policy is not being implemented.
 In order to make change its necessary to identify the technical and political constraints through answering
the following questions:
Is symbolic policy the problem ?
Are separate WID policies, programmes and projects the problem ?
Is the analytical tools the problem ? And others

19. 3. training strategies for gender planning
 Training is identified as a critical components in ensuring that organizations successfully integrate WID
or gender planning into their work.
 Its considered as the solution to the problem like gender blindness, bad attitudes and hostility to
women's concern, ignorance of integrating the gender issue into planning.
 It can assist operationalizing and institutionalizing gender concerns into planning practices.
 there are three training approaches developed such as
Gender analysis training approach
Gender planning training approach
Training dynamics approach

20.  Gender analysis training approach
The first, best known and most extensively used approach
It uses four interrelated components such as activity profile, access and control profile, influencing factor
and project cycle analysis.
It’s a base for Harvard framework and the intension is to train participants to be able to use gender
analysis as a tool in their own work.
Gender planning training approach
Its bases is planning rather than analysis and gender planning rather than planning for women.
The intention of the training is to provides tools not only for diagnosis but also for translation to practice.

21. Training dynamics approach
It comes mainly from the training experience of third world grass-root organizations.
Its constituency is third world practitioners. Those two points make different from the other two
approaches.
The components of a training strategy
Training strategy is required before undertaking gender training.
It contains a number of components which can be addressed interms of a series interrelated questions
like :
1. Why train ?
2. Who undergoes training ?
3. When is training done ?

22. 4. who provides training ?
5. How to train ?
6. How to evaluate training ?
1. Why train ?
 Its about defining the objective of training.
 Gender training have four basic objectives. Those are sensitization, skill transfer, translation of skills into
planning practice, and to motivate participants to do the job.
2. who undergoes training ?
 Its about defining the target group

23. 3. when is training done ?
 Is about the development of an institutional strategy of training
4. who provides the training ?
 Is operationalizing training within an institution.
 Is about deciding who should be a trainer because neither a teacher nor planner is a trainer but it needs
identifying professionals who undertake training appropriately.
5. how to train ?
 Its about the content of training
 Is about deciding the programming format, the structure of the content and material required.
6. How to evaluate training ? Is about identifying the evaluate procedures.

24. 3. Conclusion
 Gender planning is actually is about integrating and incorporating gender issues into development
actions.
 The current gender planning is not bringing full and appropriate changes of gender issues because of
gender stereotype it holds.
 That’s why gender planning developed as a planning tradition in its own right.
 Its focus is on social transformation.
 To undertake planning first its necessary to understand its principles with their appropriate tools, its
procedures and also the components of gender planning which determine its implementation.