yr 12 hsc

1. Public Buildings - Pompeii and
Herculaneum

2. What is it?

3. What is it?
• Is this a plan of
• (A) Stabian Baths
• (B) Triangular Forum
• (C) Forum of Pompeii
• (D) Villa of the Papyrii

4. Public Buildings in Pompeii
• Three main clusters of Public buildings in
Pompeii:
• The Forum
• The Theatres and Triangular Forum
• The Amphitheatre and Palaestra

5. Location of Public Buildings in Pompeii

6. What is “The Forum”?
• Originally a small market at the centre of town
• On junction of two important routes –
Pompeii to Naples, Nola, and Stabiae
• Expansion of Pompeii in 2nd century BCE put
the Forum at the edge of the town
• Centre of political, religious, and economic life
of Pompeii
• A pedestrian space

7. Herculaneum
• The Forum of Herculaneum
has not been excavated yet
as there is the modern
town sits atop it
• It can be expected that
there was a market and
certain Religious buildings
and political Buildings.
Forum Baths,
Herculaneum
Overview of
Herculaneum

9. Forum of
Pompeii

12. Activity
• Use the AD79eruption website to find the
names of the building of the Forum in
Pompeii
• sites.google.com/site/ad79eruption/pompeii/
public-buildings/forumPompeii
• Fill in the key

13. Categorising Public Buildings
Public Religious Buildings of Pompeii
• Temple of Apollo
• Temple of Jupiter
• Temple of Vespasian
• Temple of The Public Lares
Economic Buildings
• Building of Eumachia
• Food Market
Political Buildings
• Basilica
• Voting hall
Other Public Buildings
• Palaestra
• Theatres – the Odeon and Public Theatre
• Amphitheatre

14. Temple of Apollo
• Worship of Apollo was introduced during
the 6th century BCE
• An early sanctuary was replaced with this
temple in the 2nd century BCE
• The Temple of Apollo is situated on the
west side of the forum
• Out the Front of the temple was a marble
alter that Roman Magistrates would burn
sacrifices.
• The cult of Apollo was very popular in
Campania Which is indicated by the size of
the temple and the valuable property in
which it is built upon.
Statue
outside
the
Temple
of Apollo

15. Temple of Jupiter
• Also known as the Temple of Capitoline Triad
(Jupiter, Juno, & Minerva).
• Built in the Mid 1st century BC, located at the
head of the forum.
• 10 feet in height, 121 feet in length, and 56
feet in width.
• This was the period which Roman Gods
superseded Greek Gods and as such the
Temple of Jupiter overtook the temple of
Apollo as demonstrated by its position at the
head of the Forum.
Temple of
Jupiter,
Pompeii

16. Temple of the Public Lares
• Built on the East side of the forum.
• Built after the Earthquakes of 62 CE and
was dedicated to Pompeii’s guardian God’s
and protectors of crossroads
• The temple had no roof and an altar in the
centre which small amounts of sacrificial
remains have been found on the altar and
in the rear wall was a small niche which
most likely would have housed the towns
three Gods
TEMPLE OF
THE PUBLIC
LARES -
POMPEII

17. Temple of Vespasian
• Eastern side of Forum
• Probably a temple dedicated to
Augustus rather than Vespasian
in 1st Century CE
• Temple to the Emporer’s
genius (generating force) and in
Julio-Claudian period to the
deified Emporer
• Run by a college of 21
freedmen priests
• Damaged in 62 CE earthquake

18. Altar images

19. Food Market - Macellum
• The food market was a
building in the north east
corner of the Pompeii that
wood have sold meat and
fish.
• Large arcaded yard with
shops wedged between
columns.
• Central covered market with
central pool (for live fish?)
• Large quantities of fish scales
found in undergound
channel

20. Building of Eumachia
• The Building of the Eumachia is
located at east side of the Forum.
• It was the seat of the Corporation
of the Fullones and a cloth market.
This consisted of the cloth-makers,
launderers, and dyers.
• The beautiful statue of Eumachia
was located here. It is now located
in the Archeological museum of
Naples.
• Honoured the Julian clan to which
Augustus belonged
Building of Eumachia,
Pompeii

21. Voting Hall - Comitum
• Located on the southeast end of
the forum.
• The Comitum That was recovered
had 5 entrances in the northern
and eastern walls to ensure that
voters could ensure that the
voters could enter from the forum
and go straight into the
Dell,abondanza.
• The voting for the electoral
positions was held in the
Comitum.
Comitum, Pompeii

22. Law Court - Basilica
• Located at the southwest end of
the of the forum.
• The basilica of Pompeii is dated at
the end of the second century B.C.
• The Basilica was first a market but
after the earthquake of 62A.D it
was made into the judicial court
and as such is the most important
political building in Pompeii.
The Front of the Basilica,
Pompeii

23. Basilica (Town Hall)

25. Palaestra
• Palaestra – the Gymnasium
• Large Palaestra and the Samnite Palaestra in
Pompeii
• An open area, generally with a central pool,
surrounded by colonnades with adjoining rooms.
• Sports included running, jumping, wrestling,
boxing, javelin, running in full armour, for
example.
• Swimming pool sloped from 1m to 3m in depth

26. Large Palaestra in Pompeii

27. Herculaneum palaestra with pool

28. Activity
• Read Vitruvius’ description of a what makes a
good Palaestra
• How does the Palaestra of Pompeii compare
to Vesparsian’s requirements?
• Write a short response

29. Theatres
• Pompeii’s large Hillside
Theatre was a popular
form of entertainment
• During reign of
Augustus expanded to
5000 seats
• Smaller, roofed Odeon
Theatre built in early 1st
century BCE
• Herculaneum's
freestanding theatre
could hold 2500

30. The Odeon Theatre
•

31. Activity
• Read Sources A and B
• Look at the photo of The Odeon theatre
• How do these two sources give us evidence of
social life in Pompeii?
• Write a short response

32. What is it?