Arief Firdaus took this sample from a TOEFL book. This approach has proved to be efficient in explaining this stuff to novice students.

1. Kinds of Subject by Arief Firdaus

2. Subject Verb Complement/Object N (Noun) Your invitation Pro (Pronoun) It Ger (Gerund) makes me happy Receiving your invitation Inf (to infinitive) To receive your invitation NC (Noun Clause) That you invited me TOC makes us happy.

3. Try these… Courtesy demands a prompt apology. He is the new director of the institute. To drive more than fivty-five miles per hour is illegal. Walking to the university takes twenty minutes. Whoever wins the race will receive a trophy. Cemeteries are frightening places at night. Rollerskating has recently become very popular. That all the passengers survived the crash is miraculous. To get angry is not the solution. These appear to be photographs of a North African village. Zebras have black and white stripes. That was a silly remark. What he said confused me. Falling in love is a beautiful experience. To sleep all morning is a waste of time.

4. Try these… Courtesydemands a prompt apology. Heis the new director of the institute. To drive more than fivty-five miles per houris illegal. Walking to the universitytakes twenty minutes. Whoever wins the racewill receive a trophy. Cemeteries are frightening places at night. Rollerskatinghas recently become very popular. That all the passengers survived the crash is miraculous. To get angryis not the solution. Theseappear to be photographs of a North African village. Zebrashave black and white stripes. Thatwas a silly remark. What he saidconfused me. Falling in loveis a beautiful experience. To sleep all morningis a waste of time.