Tables used to remember the wh-words, the personal pronouns and verb tenses.

1. WH-WORDS TYPES OF QUESTIONS
ENGLISH PORTUGUESE 1. Wh-questions 2. Yes/No questions
What? O quê?
When? Quando? They start with a wh-word:
They start with a verb
Where? Onde? what, when, where, why,
(usually the auxiliary verb);
who, how, how
Who? Quem? many/much, how long, etc;
Which? Qual?
Why? Porquê? Answer: Yes / No.
ATENÇÃO: o sujeito e o verbo
How? Como?
que surgem no início desta
Answer: new information;
How many/much? Quanto? pergunta terão de ser
(geralmente) utilizados na
How long? Quanto tempo? resposta.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE
SUBJECT FORM OBJECT FORM DETERMINERS PRONOUNS
(before the verb) (after the verb) (followed by a noun) (instead of a noun)
pronoun + verb verb + pronoun determiner + noun pronoun + verb
I (eu) me my mine
you (tu) you your yours
he (ele), she (ela), it him, her, it his, her, its his, hers, its
we (nós) us our ours
you (vós) you your yours
they (eles) them their theirs
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I play I don’t play do I play?
you play you don’t play do you play?
he, she, it plays he, she, it doesn’t play does he, she, it play?
PRESENT SIMPLE
we play we don’t play do we play?
you play you don’t play do you play?
they play they don’t play do they play?
I am playing I am not playing am I playing?
you are playing you are not playing are you playing?
PRESENT he, she, it is playing he, she, it is not playing is he, she, it playing?
CONTINUOUS we are playing we are not playing are we playing?
you are playing you are not playing are you playing?
they are playing they are not playing are they playing?
I played I didn’t play did I play?
you played you didn’t play did you play?
he, she, it played he, she, it didn’t play did he, she, it play?
PAST SIMPLE
we played we didn’t play did we play?
you played you didn’t play did you play?
they played they didn’t play did they play?
NOTE: The verbs to be, there to be and have got don’t need the auxiliary verb do to form the negative and interrogative.
In the past simple there are regular verbs (verbs that end in -ed) and irregular verbs (verbs that don’t end in -ed).