Water pollution is distributed globally, affecting various water bodies and ecosystems. It arises from point sources like industrial discharges and sewage outlets, as well as non-point sources such as agricultural runoff and atmospheric deposition. Urban areas often contribute pollutants through stormwater runoff. Contaminants can be dispersed by rivers, currents, and atmospheric processes, impacting lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater. Regional variations occur based on industrialization, population density, agricultural practices, and regulatory measures. International waters may also face pollution challenges due to cross-border influences. Addressing water pollution requires coordinated efforts at local, national, and international levels.
3. TABLE OF THE CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF WATER POLLUTION
EXAMPLE OF WATER POLLUTION
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
HOW TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION
SOLUTION OF WATER POLLUTION
REFERENCES
4. WATER POLLUTION
INTRODUCTION
POLLUTION
• POLLUTION IS THE INTRODUCTION OF HARMFUL
MATERIALS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
• THESE HARMFUL MATERIALS ARE CALLED
POLLUTANTS. POLLUTANTS CAN BE NATURAL, SUCH
AS VOLCANIC ASH
5. WATER POLLUTION
INTRODUCTION
WATER POLLUTION
• WATER POLLUTION IS THE CONTAMINATION OF WATER
SOURCES
• BY SUBSTANCES WHICH MAKE THE WATER UNUSABLE
FOR DRINKING, COOKING, CLEANING, SWIMMING,
AND OTHER ACTIVITIES
• POLLUTANTS INCLUDE CHEMICALS, TRASH, BACTERIA,
AND PARASITES.
6. WATER POLLUTION
DEFINITION
A PRACTICAL DEFINITION OF WATER
POLLUTION IS:
"WATER POLLUTION IS THE ADDITION OF
SUBSTANCES OR ENERGY FORMS THAT DIRECTLY OR
INDIRECTLY ALTER THE NATURE OF THE WATER
BODY IN SUCH A MANNER THAT NEGATIVELY
AFFECTS ITS LEGITIMATE USES".
7. WATER POLLUTION
EXAMPLES OF WATER POLLUTION
• GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
• INDUSTRIAL WASTE
• DOMESTIC SEWAGE
• MICROBIOLOGICAL POLLUTION
• OXYGEN
• PESTICIDES
• AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
• CHEMICAL POLLUTION
• OIL POLLUTION
8. WATER POLLUTION
TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
FOLLOWING ARE THE TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION
• CHEMICAL POLLUTION
• GROUND WATER POLLUTION
• MICRO BIOLOGICAL POLLUTION
• NUTRIENT POLLUTION
• OXYGEN DEPLETION POLLUTION
• SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
11. WATER POLLUTION
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
• DISEASES: IN HUMANS, DRINKING OR CONSUMING
POLLUTED WATER IN ANY WAY HAS MANY
DISASTROUS EFFECTS ON OUR HEALTH.
• DESTRUCTION OF ECOSYSTEMS: ECOSYSTEMS ARE
EXTREMELY DYNAMIC AND RESPOND TO EVEN SMALL
CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENT. WATER POLLUTION
CAN CAUSE AN ENTIRE ECOSYSTEM TO COLLAPSE IF
LEFT UNCHECKED.
12. WATER POLLUTION
EFFECT OF WATER POLLUTION
• EUTROPHICATION: CHEMICALS IN A WATER BODY,
ENCOURAGE THE GROWTH OF ALGAE. THESE
ALGAE FORM A LAYER ON TOP OF THE POND OR
LAKE. BACTERIA FEED ON THIS ALGAE.
• EFFECTS THE FOOD CHAIN: DISRUPTION IN FOOD
CHAINS HAPPENS WHEN TOXINS AND POLLUTANTS
IN THE WATER ARE CONSUMED BY AQUATIC (FISH,
SHELLFISH ETC) WHICH ARE THEN CONSUMED BY
HUMANS.
13. WATER POLLUTION
REDUCE THE WATER POLLUTION
DISPOSE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS PROPERLY
SHOP WITH WATER POLLUTION IN MIND
DO NOT POUR FAT AND GREASE DOWN THE DRAIN
USE PHOSPHATE-FREE DETERGENT AND DISH CLEANER
CHECK YOUR SUMP PUMP OR CELLAR DRAIN
DISPOSE OF MEDICAL WASTE PROPERLY
EAT MORE ORGANIC FOOD
14. WATER POLLUTION
SOLUTION OF WATER POLLUTION
• USE THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF DETERGENT AND/OR
BLEACH WHEN YOU ARE WASHING CLOTHES OR
DISHES.
• USE ONLY PHOSPHATE FREE SOAPS AND DETERGENTS.
• MINIMIZE THE USE OF PESTICIDES, HERBICIDES,
FERTILIZERS.
• DO NOT DISPOSE OF THESE CHEMICALS, MOTOR OIL,
OR OTHER AUTOMOTIVE FLUIDS INTO THE SANITARY
SEWER OR STORM SEWER SYSTEMS.
15. WATER POLLUTION
PREVENTION:
• THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT LARGE-SCALE WATER POLLUTION IS
TO TRY AND REDUCE ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS.
• THERE ARE VARIOUS SMALL CHANGES WE CAN MAKE TO
PROTECT OURSELVES FROM A SCARY FUTURE WHERE WATER IS
SCARCE.
SAVE WATER:
• CONSERVING WATER IS OUR FIRST AIM.
• WATER WASTAGE IS A MAJOR PROBLEM GLOBALLY AND WE ARE
ONLY NOW WAKING UP TO THE ISSUE.
• SIMPLY SMALL CHANGES YOU CAN MAKE DOMESTICALLY WILL
MAKE A HUGE DIFFERENCE.
16. WATER POLLUTION
BETTER TREATMENT OF SEWAGE:
• TREATING WASTE PRODUCTS BEFORE DISPOSING OF IT IN A WATER
BODY HELPS REDUCE WATER POLLUTION ON A LARGE SCALE.
• AGRICULTURE OR OTHER INDUSTRIES CAN REUSE THIS WASTEWATER
BY REDUCING ITS TOXIC CONTENTS.
USE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTS:
• BY USING SOLUBLE PRODUCTS THAT DO NOT GO ON TO BECOME
POLLUTANTS, WE CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF WATER POLLUTION
CAUSED BY A HOUSEHOLD.
