Series of Presentations on Nematodes from Veterinary Parasitology By Urquhart, Jenning

1. Trichostrongyloidea

2. Cooperia
Important species
»Cooperia oncophera
»Cooperia curticei
»Cooperia punctata
»Cooperia pectinata
»Cooperia spatulata
»Cooperia mcmasteri
»Cooperia bisoni

3. Cooperia
Definitive Host Spectrum
• Sheep, goats, cattle, other ruminants
Site of Infection
• Anterior small intestine
Geographic Distribution
• One of the most common genera in ruminants
worldwide.

4. Morphology
• Adults - 4-10 mm long; anterior end dilated;
transversely striated; cuticle of rest of body
with 14-16 longitudinal lines
• Male - bursa 2 large lateral lobes and small
dorsal lobe; male copulatory spicules have a
wing like expansion in the middle region
• Female - vulva may be covered by a flap and
tail is tapering

7. Life cycle
• Eggs deposited in feces
• L 1 hatches from egg; L 1 and L 2
microbivorous
• L 3 ensheathed, infective
• L 3 ingested, exsheaths in rumen or abomasum
• L 3 molt to L 4 in about 4 days in small
intestine; at immature stage (L 5 ) in 10 dpi
• Prepatent period - 3 weeks
• Inhibition of larvae not well-studied

8. Pathogenesis/Clinical Signs
• May cause enteritis, catarrhal inflammation,
emaciation
• Like that of trichostrongylus

9. Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
• Eggs; culture of larvae to L 3
• Adults at necropsy
Treatment
• Benzimidazoles
• Ivermectin, doramectin
• Levamisole

10. Hyostrongylus
Hyostrongylus rubidus (red stomach worm of swine)
Definitive Host Spectrum
• Swine
Site of Infection
Stomach
Geographic Distribution
Worldwide

11. Morphology
• Adults - red, when alive or freshly removed
at necropsy; up to 9 mm long; males with
well-developed lateral lobes but small
dorsal lobe; paired equal but short
spicules

13. Life Cycle (Stages)
• Eggs passed in feces, hatching in 1 1/2 days
• L 3 appear in 1 week; ensheathed L 3 infective for
swine
• L 3 enter gastric glands; reach adult stage in 2
weeks
• Prepatent period - 3 to 4 weeks

14. Pathogenesis/Clinical Signs
• Like that of ostertagia
• Blood loss anemia
• Inflammation, hyperemia
• Nodule formation

15. Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
• Eggs in feces
• "Red" worms at necropsy
Treatment
• Ivermectin
• Organophosphates
• Pyrantel
Other Control Measures
• Clean concrete pads