OS20 Online 15 December

1. 1EuFMD | Open Session special edition | #OS20se
Ezeasor C.K.1, Emikpe B.O.2, Shoyinka S.V.O.1, Bodjo C.S.3, Nwankpa N.3, Sabri M.Y.4
1Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Enugu, Nigeria.
2Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo , Nigeria.
3African Union Pan-African Veterinary Vaccine Centre, Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia.
4Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
Intranasal vaccine application methods influence the
immune responses in goats following intranasal
Peste des petits ruminants vaccination:
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical
findings.

2. 2EuFMD | Open Session special edition | #OS20se
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video• Experimental intranasal administration of PPR vaccine has been successfully described in
goats (Emikpe et al., 2013; Ezeasor et al., 2013; Ezeasor et al., 2020; Mahapatra et al., 2020,
Mumin et al, 2020) pitching it against the conventional method (subcutaneous route) as
having more advantage in terms of cost, user-friendliness and ease of administration in field
conditions and thus may be most effective for mass vaccination campaigns.
• Little is known about the influence of intranasal PPR vaccine application methods on the
induction of immune response in goats.
• Vaccine – Live PPR vaccine Nigeria 75/1 strain .
• Animals - Twenty (20) male West African dwarf goats ; ages of 6 to 9 months; four groups (n=5).
• Inferential statistics of the H-PPR blocking ELISA mean percentage inhibition were computed and the
differences between the means were determined with One-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) using GraphPad™ prism software
Background
Methodology

3. 3
• PPR bELISA showed high-titres of PPRV-specific antibodies in all
vaccinated animals with peak mean percentage inhibitions of 79.3% (day
14); 69.8% (day 21) and 86.6% (day 21) for IN-Drop; IN-Spray and
Subcutaneous vaccination groups, respectively.
• Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (BALT) with PPRV antigens in the
lymphoid cells of the germinal centers, detected by PPRV
Immunohistochemistry in Group B (IN-Spray).
• PPRV antigen also detected in the spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes of
all vaccinated animals after 28 days post-vaccination
Results

4. 4
• The study shows that PPR vaccination using a nasal dropper (Group A) may result in the
induction of higher (p<0.05) PPR-specific serum IgG levels than PPR vaccination using a nasal
spray (Group B).
• However, in Group B, the vaccine was administered using a nasal spray which may have
facilitated the deposition of aerosolized vaccine antigen deep into the lower respiratory tract
resulting in the development of BALT in the lower respiratory tract.
• The BALT plays an important role in the local pulmonary immune responses and have been
reported to be important in pulmonary protection against PPR induced caprine pneumonia
(Emikpe et al., 2013; Ezeasor et al., 2013).
• Study suggests that intranasal administration of PPR vaccine using the nasal dropper was
able to induce strong systemic immune response but little or no local immune response in
the lower respiratory tract, which conversely, was better induced following intranasal PPR
vaccination using nasal spray.
• Thus, the nasal spray method of intranasal PPR vaccination may hold greater potential for
pulmonary protection against the pneumonic form of the disease much more than intranasal
PPR vaccination using the dropper method.
• Hence, the choice of application methods for intranasal PPR vaccine delivery is very
important and should be carefully considered in the development of intranasal vaccines.
Outcomes/Discussion

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EuFMD / Open Session