The respiratory system Respiration Parts of the respiratory system Inhalation Exhalation Gas exhchange Coughing Sneezing

1. THE SYSTEM

2.  The taking in of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, lungs,
blood, and tissues

3. Parts of the human
respiratory system:
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchii
Lungs

5. NOSE
Shape of a pyramid
Consists of nasal
cavity
The septum divides
the nasal cavity
Internally lined by a
moist mucus
Fine hair is present in
the nasal cavity
Open outsidethrough
external nostrils
Opens at the upper
end of pharynx through
internal nostrils
The nasal
cavity The
turbinates
The
septum
The
Mucous
membrane
The
sinuses

6. PHARYNX
A junction for the
food and air passage

8. Larynx
oBelow the pharynx
oEpiglottis , at the top of
larynx
oIt prevents food and
fluid from entering
larynx
oLarynx then opens into
trachea
oSupported by a
framework of nine
pieces of cartilage

9. LARYNX =
“ VOICE BOX “
Consists of vocal cords that
produce sounds when the air
comes out of the lungs.
Larynx of man > larynx of
woman
Which consists of long vocal
cords, so the voice is “deep-
pitched”.

10. TRACHEA =
“ windpipe”
 From larynx to the 5 th
thoracic vertebra where it
divides into the right and left
bronchi.
The tracheal wall is
supported by 20 “C” shaped
cartilaginous rings.
Lined internally by the
mucous membrane

11. trachea
bronchi
Bronchioles
alveoli

12. BRONCHI
Trachea in the chest
divides into the right and
left branches.
There are primary,
secondary and tertiary
bronchi

13. BRONCHIOLES
The tertiary bronchi split
into smaller sections –
bronchioles.
Bronchioles continue to
split to terminal
bronchioles
They end alveoli

14. ALVEOLI –
“AIR SACS”
The basic structural
units of the lungs
Very minute, very thin
wall
The walls of alveoli
consist of an extensive
network of small blood
vessels called capillary
network

16. LUNGS
There are a pair of lungs,
one in each side of the
heart
Slate colored, elastic
Made up of a mass of
spongy tissue with minute
passages for air
Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes

17. PROTECTION
Lungs are protected
from externsl injury by
the sternum in the
front , vertebral column
on the back and ribs on
the sides, which
together form a bony
box and protect the
lungs

18. Parietal
Pleura -
outer layer
attached to
the thoracic
cavity
Visceral
Pleura -
inner layer
covering
the lung
itself
The
Pleural
Cavities-
A layer of
serous
membrane,
between the
visceral
pleura and
the parietal
pleura.
It contains a
lubricating
fluid secreted
by the
membranes
that prevents
friction
between the
membranes
and allows
their easy
movement on
one another
during
breathing.

19. MUSCLES OF
RESPIRATION
These muscles surround
the lungs and allow the
inhalation and exhalation
of air
 The main muscle in this
system is known as the
diaphragm, a thin sheet of
muscle that constitutes the
bottom of the thorax.
Multiple intercostal
muscles are located
between the ribs and they
also help compress and
expand the lungs.

20. INHALATION

21. EXHALATION

23. Gas exchange
This exchange facilitates
oxygenation of the blood with a
concomitant removal removal of
carbon dioxide and other gaseous
metabolic wastes from circulation
Upon inhalation, gas exchange
occurs at the alveoli.The close
proximity of the two cell types allows
permeability to gases and hence gas
exchange
Is carried by the phenomen of
pressure difference

24. At the lungs

25. At the tissues

26. COUGHING
AND SNEEZING
Irritation of nerves, within the
nasal passages or airways
These responses cause air to be
expelled forcefully fron trachea or
nose
Irritants caught in the mucus are
expelled or moved to the mouth

27. FACTS
 WHEN WE BREATH WE TAKE ONLY 21% OF OXYGEN.
 The rest ? Nitrogen – 78%, bacteria & viruses -1%
 WE LOSE WEIGHT WHILE BREATHING.
Every day, we lose about 12 oz of water through respiration. While exhaling carbon dioxide, we
exhale water as well.
 If each alveoli from both of our lungs are flattened out, they will come to the total size of a tennis
court (525 feet long).
 While adults breath only 12 to 15 times per minute, newborns take a breath for 30 to 60 times per
minute.

THE LUNGS ARE THE ONLY ORGANS IN OUR BODY THAT CAN FLOAT IN WATER.
 Both of our Lungs have 300 million balloons like structures that are known with a name alveoli.
 WE YAWN DUE TO THE LACK OF OXYGEN
Yawning helps our breathe more oxygen to lungs. When our brain senses the shortage of oxygen, it
sends out a message, “hey we are running out of Oxygen, inhale enough so I can manage the
imbalance”. This message tricks us to take a long deep breath (a yawn!)

28. THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION