This presentation is just a sample. You can download, change and use them the way you want.

1. Philosophy in XIX - XXth centuries

2.  “Philosophy of Life” - W.Dilthey and G.Simmel.
 “Philosophy of Creative Evolution” - A. Bergson
 Philosophy of “Will to Power” - F. Nietzsche.

3. “Philosophy of Life”
 Life is a constant creativity, change.
 Life turns chaos in an organized order.
 Life is not subject to any general laws, it can be
grasped only through individuality and uniqueness.
 W.Dilthey: understanding of era is possible only
through diffusion in the spiritual aura of the studied
time, when you feel a unique flavor of a particular
era with your whole being. Hermeneutics.

4. “Creative Evolution” (Henri Bergson)
 Intellect is a rational thinking of man by which he
cognizes the world.
 Intellect cannot open the deep essence of things,
but showing only the connections and relationships
that arise between them.
 Intuition is a loving penetration into the deep
essence of things, discovery of its life, which cannot
achieve by intellect. Intuition is the first principle of
the spirit; therefore, it is life itself.

5. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
 Three linked ideas in particular: first, the idea we
have of “man” or human nature; second, the idea
we have of God; and third, the ideas we have
about morality, or ethics.
 “Revaluation of all values”.
 “God is dead”.
 “Man is a rope tied between the animal and the
Superman - a rope over an abyss”.

6. • Christianity says that everything in this world is less important than
that of the “next” after death.
• It says we should turn away from what seems important in this life,
and try to transcend it.
• But in doing this we turn away from life itself.
• Christianity’s idea of “man” undermines us.
• We must surpass this limiting idea.

7. JOHN DEWEY
 Pragmatism - the purpose of philosophy, or
“thinking”, is not to provide us with a true picture of
the world, but to help us to act more effectively within
it.
 “What are the practical implications of adopting this
perspective?”
 Humans are living beings trying to make sense of
their world, struggling to decide how best to act
within it.
 “We only think when we are confronted with
problems”.

8. JOHN DEWEY
 Existence is a risk, or a gamble, and the world is
fundamentally unstable.
 We can either appeal to higher beings and hidden
forces in the universe for help, or we can seek to
understand the world and gain control of our
environment.
 “Education is not an affair of telling and being told,
but an active and constructive process”.

9. EDMUND HUSSERL
 Put all the sciences—by which he meant all
branches of human knowledge and activity, from
math, chemistry, and physics to ethics and politics –
on a completely secure footing.
 Experience alone did not add up to science,
because as any scientist knows, experience is full of
all kinds of assumptions, biases, and
misconceptions.
 Phenomenology is a philosophical investigation of
the phenomena of experience.

10. MARTIN HEIDEGGER
 “The question of existence never gets straightened
out except through existing itself”.
 Attempts to provide a much more concrete analysis of
“being” from what could be called an insider’s position.
 The question “what is it like to be human?” as a way of
answering deeper questions about existence in general.
 The meaning of our being must be tied up with time; we
are essentially temporal beings.
 Dying is not an event; it is a phenomenon to be
understood existentially.