Biophysical Evaluation Lab Essay

Biophysical Evaluation Lab Essay
PERSONAL FITNESS ASSESSMENT 1. FLEXIBILITY ASSESSMENT Table #1: Hip Flexibility
Measurement Tool Right Leg Left Leg Goniometer 92ﾰ 84ﾰ Flexometer 94ﾰ 78ﾰ Table #2: Sit and
Reach Best Trial Classification 30.5 cm Average ﾢ COMMENT AND COMPARE TO NORMS
AND PROVIDE CONCLUSIONS ON FLEXIBILITY: Comparing my results to the average results
provided on table #2 on page 2.8 of the biophysical evolution lab manual, my best value for the sit
and reach is 31.5cm which is considered average for a male aged 15 to 19 years old. It is in the
middle of the average range, therefore my forward flexion is good but not the best for my age group.
My average best hip flexion value is 86ﾰ (94ﾰ on left leg and 78ﾰ on right) and compared ... Show
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On average, my hip flexion is excellent, but there are signs of weakness on my right leg as it
resulted in a low degree of flexion for both the goniometer and flexometer tests. ? 2.
ANTHROPOMETRY AND BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT Table #3: CPAFLA indices
Value Points Health Benefit Zone BMI 19.29 (kg/m2) 4 Excellent SO5S 43.3 (mm) 4 Excellent
Waist Girth 80 (cm) 4 Excellent Overall 4 Excellent Table #4: Body Density and %BF Body
Density % BF Jackson & Pollock 1.086808 g/cc 8.00 % ﾢ COMMENT AND COMPARE TO
NORMS AND PROVIDE CONCLUSIONS ON BODY COMPOSITION: In order to evaluate and
comment on my body composition, I used the CPAFLA indices. My BMI resulted to 19.29 (kg/m2)
which ranks as an ideal score. Furthermore, when considering the SO5S score, the ideal value is
under 54 mm (according to the table on page 3.10 of the lab manual) and my value resulted into
being 43.2 mm which is perfect as it is not too much and not too little fat (as I scored an ideal score
for BMI). Moreover, the waist circumference should also be taken into account for the pattern of fat
distribution and that it does not show any health risks. The ideal waist circumference is under 94 cm
and my waist circumference resulted into being 80 cm which is an excellent score but could be a
little more closer to 94 to make is ideal. I do not have trunk fatness because my waist
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Calorie Essay
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Definition of Calorie
According to Ayoob( 2009), a calorie can be defined as a unit of heat energy that human body use as
energy to produce heat. This energy fuels human body for strength in daily activity. In scientific
term, there are two types of calories which small calorie and large calorie (Nordqvist, 2013).
A small calorie(symbol:cal) – 1cal is the amount of energy to required to raise one gram of water by
one degree Celcius. A large calorie(symbol:Cal,kcal) – 1Cal is the amount of energy required to
raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celcius.
1 large calorie(1kcal) = 1000 small calories.
Calories can be found in fat, carbohydrate and protein. The main source of calorie comes ... Show
Distance – Longer the distance, more energy is need to used hence more calories will be burned.
2.2.1 Walking vs. Running
Walking is not simply slow running; competitive race walkers can zip by recreational joggers. The
difference between the two is not based on pace. At any speed, walkers have one foot on the ground
at all times, but runners are entirely airborne during some part of every stride. As the pace increases,
the percentage of each stride that is airborne increases; competitive runners have "hang times" of
about 45%.*
What goes up must come down. That's why running is a high–impact activity. Each time they land,
runners subject their bodies to a stress equal to about three times their body weight. In just one mile,
a typical runner's legs will have to absorb more than 100 tons of impact force. It's a testament to the
human body that running can be safe and enjoyable.
Walkers have one foot on the ground at all times. Figure 1 below show the walking posture.
Figure 1 Walking Posture
Exercise burns calories. In the case of walking and running, the calories burned depend much more
on the distance covered and body weight than on pace. Table 2.1 shows calories burned per mile of

walking or jogging on the level for people of varying weights (Komaroff, 2009): People who
walked gained significantly less weight than those who

Bod Pod Observation Essay
The form of body fat testing I chose to observe was the Bod Pod. I like this test due to its ease of
performance, as well as its low error rate. While it is a much more difficult test to obtain use of, I
have been fortunate enough to obtain my undergraduate degree from a University in which one was
donated. I completed my undergrad in Exercise Science and be able to perform labs and work with
tools, many are not able to. Furthermore, because I am an alumnus, I am also able to perform these
tests at a much more reduced rate of $15 a person vs $45. In doing so, I was able to measure myself
for this project.
The Bod Pod utilizes Air Displacement as well as body density to regulate the measurement of lean
vs fat composition. Throughout the process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be seen within the first two articles I read and their overall findings. Nevertheless, after
reading the third article I mentioned, it does peak my interest. I think that while Bod Pod testing can
be accurate at that given time, and based on the individual, I think in some ways it can be slightly
altered based off an individual's lifestyle, prior to the test. In turn, further testing should be done in
the future to compare my original testing, with those done after a low–carbohydrate

Reliability And Validity Of Hand
Reliability and Validity of Hand–held Bio–Impedance in Detecting Body Fat Loss Dan Dychtwald
Introduction Problem: Body fat measurements are traditionally used during weight loss
interventions to ensure individuals are losing body fat and not muscle. While tests such as dual
energy X–ray absorptiometry (DXA) and hydrostatic immersion are the gold standard for measuring
body fat, both are expensive and have limited accessibility.1 Additionally, devices such as calipers
may be obtrusive and ineffective for some, especially those morbidly obese. Bioelectrical
impedance (BIA) has also been used in weight loss settings, but some devices are expensive and
require multiple points of contact with the individual. However, a hand–held option is also available
that is inexpensive, easy to use, and much less invasive. Purpose of the Study: To determine the
inter–rater reliability and validity (via sensitivity) of a hand–held bio–impendence (Omron
HBF306C) device in measuring body fat among a group of overweight individuals (BMI > 25
kg/m2)2 enrolled in a weight loss program. Research Questions/Hypotheses: The handheld BIA
device used in this study is hypothesized to have: 1. An inter–rater reliability/reproducibility ICC
close to other forms of body fat measurement used in the field of dietetics (.93–.99)3 2. To reliably
measure body fat and detect body fat losses in conjunction with weight loss Study Design: The
inter–rater reliability of a hand–held BIA device is being investigated

Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia
What do Anorexia and Bulimia have in common? They are both deadly eating disorders that can
cause severe physical and mental health problems. Anorexia is an eating disorder of self– imposed
starvation and a mental illness. In fact, anorexia has one of the highest death rates of any mental
illness(Gerri FreidKramer, page 15). Bulimia is a mental eating disorder characterized by overeating
followed by purging(Gerri Freid Kramer, page 21). People with bulimia are known for self induced
vomiting, and using laxatives or diuretics. Both eating disorders are devastating to one's' body, mind
and relationships with others. Teens today are always surrounded by advertisements of images of
thinness. When they turn on the TV, read magazines or go on the internet. These advertisements are
usually promoting something to sell by using images of thin and beautiful people that seem unreal.
Both boys and girls feel societies' pressure to have "the perfect body" so they go through extreme
measures like self starvation or over exercising to achieve their goals of the "perfect image"
(Elizabeth Weiss Vollstadt,page 26). Eating disorders are mostly developed by women. Although
men also develop eating disorders but they only make up 5–10 percent of those affected by eating
disorders, leaving women with a huge majority of 90–95 percent affected(Elizabeth Weiss Vollstadt,
page 8). Girls who develop the eating disorder anorexia are usually Caucasian and middle to upper
class, and are also

Eating Disorders: A Personal Analysis
It was not a very easy thing to do. I must have told myself to quit about a million times. I only
worked hard and gave it my all for two weeks.
I started very slow. My first week I must have gone to the gym about two times.
My eating habits could not change. For many years, I had been neglecting my body. I would not eat
enough. I never went to the doctor, but I am sure I had an eating disorder. I had many symptoms that
correlated with both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. I would not eat for days. If I would ever eat, I
would purge. When I finally began eating, I would eat so much that I felt like I had to purge. It all
became a habit and a cycle. I would either not eat or eat too much, but in both situations, I would
always heave. I always until this day tell everyone that I feel and look fat.
I fear developing diabetes because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I wanted to bring my weight down to decrease my BMI, reduce my body fat percentage, and build
confidence within myself. My long–term goals were to lower my BMI of 25.8 to a range between
18.5–24.9, lower body fat percentage to 23%, and to have a better respect and love for my body.
Three obstacles that I face at first were poor eating habits, insufficient exercise, and negative
thinking plus body shaming. The resources I used to help me throughout this process were friends,
the TAMIU rec, the TAMIU counseling center, and YouTube/varies athletic websites. I targeted
dates one month apart and each short–term goal included a loss of five pounds and one percent body
fat. The rewards I decided to give myself after these objectives were simple things like eating sweats
and eating out. The long–term goal that I will continue to strive to achieve is to have the satisfaction
of knowing that I can do something about the way I look and see myself. A healthier and happier me
is overall the best thing in life that I could

The Marine Corps Is An Equal Opportunity Military Branch...
George S Patton once said, "Accept the challenges so that you can feel the exhilaration of victory"
("Motivational Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore. Web. 04 May 2016.). As a Marine I was taught to
always accept challenges that are thrown at me, and to never to give up no matter how big or small
the challenge is. If the Marine Corps is an equal opportunity military branch of service so should the
standards of its weight requirements for both males and females. Out of all of the branches of
military service the Marine Corps holds their selves to a higher standard in everything but especially
when it comes to their height/weight standards and overall appearance in their uniforms. Physical
fitness requirements and overall health plays an important part in how both men and women
Marines try to maintain their weight.
In the Marine Corps though men and women both serve together they often aren't treated the same
in certain areas. When it comes to weight standards a female and male can be the same height but a
male is allowed to weigh more than a female. For instance, "taller women are allowed to weigh
more, with the weight limit set at 164 pounds for a woman who is 5–foot–8 and 184 pounds for a
woman who is 6 feet tall. "By comparison, male Marines are allowed to weigh more but must
maintain a lower body fat composition". "A man in the service is allowed to weigh up to 180 pounds
at 5 foot 8, and up to 202 pounds at 6 feet tall" ("Female Marines May Be Allowed to Bulk up as
Service

Advantages Of Measuring Body Fat
A common goal for anyone who goes for the first time in a gym is to give body fat a proper send–
off. Body fat is the fat that you can see in the mirror. Once you get rid of unwanted fat, you will be
able to see more ''cuts''. On the other hand, the higher it is, the more fat is covering your muscles.
Therefore, if you want to see more ''cuts'', you need to shrink the layer of fat which is under your
skin and covers your muscles.
How can you determine the body fat percentage?
One of the most accurate and efficient way to determine this aspect is with a caliper. These products
are designed to clip the fat and measure it under the skin. There are multiple pinch tests, but it's
recommended to use a four or seven point caliper test. Whatever method you are going to use, the
key element is consistency. It's important to be as consistent as possible when taking the
measurements. In short words, you have to take them under the same conditions. For example, it's
advisable to do them in the morning after using the restroom, because this will eliminate any
discrepancies with fluctuation throughout the day. Additionally, you can also use other methods for
measuring body fat percentage, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Same happens with our fat. Too much fat will lead to a slew of medical problems. However, what
about the opposite. Too low fat can affect our health? Even though you may not like the idea, this fat
is quite important for our bodies. It secrets hormones that can help our metabolism work better. For
example, hormones regulate appetite and control the body weight. Plus, they also regulate insulin
sensitivity. Furthermore, it's important to know that fat keep yus warm and it acts as a layer of
cushion for our vital organs. Additionally, it ensures the absorption of vitamin A, D, E and K. In
short words, fat is very important for our bodies, so when it is brought down too low you can
experience various issues, such

Reflection On Nutrition
There was a tremendous amount of effort that went in to the process of carrying out my behavior
change in a successful manor. I had to rely on sheer dedication, will power and trust in appropriate
programing in order to continuously make progress. I have found that there is no substitute for being
willing to do little tasks consistently, for these tasks later yield large results. To ensure that I was
going to maximize my potential of reaching my goal of gaining 2– 3.5 lbs. of lean body mass, then I
was going to need to have a detailed plan from the beginning. In order to provide adequate
programing, I decided to seek knowledge from an experienced personal trainer. I did not have to go
far as my mother has over 25 years of experience in the fitness world, and specifically personal
training. Together we came up with a program that would allow for maximum muscular hypertrophy
and strength increase, by carefully delegating the stimulation of training sessions and appropriate
recovery. I then evaluated what I was going to need to consume in regards of nutrition. Assessing
the appropriate amount of each nutrient was another key factor that I had to evaluate and then
enforce into my daily life. Through these implementations there was a clear roadmap that would
guide me to the end result I was seeking.
With a clear vision and guide in place, the ability to carry out and complete all the prescribed
actions. This is something that I did not find to be as easy as I had anticipated. It

Skin Cliper Method
The skin caliper method of measuring body fat is where 3, 4, or 7 specific parts of the body called
sites, usually the chest, arm, abdominals, and thigh, are pinched and then the thickness is measured
by skin calipers. The practitioner then plugs the numbers into a formula to estimate the body
composition. Some pros for this method are that it is the most accessible, inexpensive and quick out
of all 5 methods in the article, they are common in gyms, who also usually have staff that know how
to use the skin calipers. You can even buy a pair of calipers and test your body composition
yourself, with lots of practice to get a more accurate result, of course. Some cons of the caliper
method are that getting accurate results can be hard because you ... Show more content on
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With this method, high and low energy X–ray beams are passed over the participant who is lying
still on a table. The absorption of the beams in each part of the body is then measured to find fat and
lean body mass, and bone mineral density. Some pros for this method are that you can see the fat or
lean body mass in every limb individually, they are incredibly accurate tests, and it only requires
you to lay on a table for a few painless minutes. Some cons of this method are that they are not
easily accessible tests, you usually have to make an appointment with a local medical professional,
and it can be very pricy depending on your

Eating Disorders And Gymnastics Essay
Eating Disorders And Gymnastics
Eating disorders are especially common among athletes because the pressure of the sport
environment frequently precipitates the onset of these problems. In this population, certain
compulsive behaviors such as excessive exercise and restricted eating patterns are seen as
acceptable, and pathogenic methods of weight control are often introduced. In addition, concern
about body size and shape is increased because of the "social influence for thinness [from coaches
and peers], anxiety about athletic performance, and negative self–appraisal of athletic achievement"
(Williamson et al. 1995). Finally, the competitive nature of sports reinforces characteristics such as
"perfectionism, high achievement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some male athletes do use extreme methods for losing weight, but an important difference exists
between these and the self–starvation strategies of anorexics. For instance, a wrestler's perception of
his body is not distorted and when he is not competing, he can regain the weight with ease.
Do female gymnasts suffer an even greater risk?
As demonstrated by such famous gymnasts as Kathy Johnson and Nadia Comaneci who have
struggled with eating disorders themselves, women's gymnastics seems "designed for the disease"
("Dying for a medal" 1994). In the 1992 NCAA survey, 51% of the gymnastics programs that
responded reported this illness among its team members, "a far greater percentage than in any other
sport" ("Dying to win" 1994). Unfortunately, the real number is probably even higher.
Why might gymnasts be more vulnerable to eating disorders?
Anorexia often strikes young women who try to evade the natural process of becoming adults and
who use excessive measures to maintain a thin and girlish figure––the exact description of what
today's female gymnast must accomplish to stay competitive at its highest levels. For these athletes,
the onset of womenhood is their biggest fear because it means developing hips or breasts that might
hinder their performance. Thus, starving themselves offers the most convenient solution to their
problem. In addition, many of these girls begin training specifically for this sport since the time they

The Weight Loss Journey For Wrestling
Despite the dangers, thousands of collegiate and high school wrestlers across the world go on
fasting and binge diets, run with several thick layers of clothing on, spit into a bottle, or even take
laxatives so they can weigh a specific amount on competition day. Health professionals say this type
of diet can be dangerous, rules are set forth to help regulate it, and classmates look at them like they
are crazy. Despite efforts, it's still happening, and some parents allow it and even support it. For
what purpose? To be tougher than the guy standing behind the line in front of you. The policies on
minimum weights and rapid weight loss for athletes should be removed, because they make the
competition unfair and they don't look out for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To this day, when I want to stop doing something that is difficult it's much easier to look back and
say, "I've done something harder than this, just finish this up." Also, I learned to drink water,
because we really do need it to live. According to an article on the New York Times, three collegiate
wrestlers died within a three month span in 1997 all from cutting weight (Litsky). Cutting weight is
when someone will try to drastically reduce their weight in a short period of time through a variety
of methods. The deaths of these three collegiate wrestlers resulted in a hasty decision from the
NCAA in an attempt to prevent any more injuries or deaths. An article by Terry Larimer on The
Morning Call explains the that policy banned the use of rubber suits and saunas for use in weight
cutting practices because they drastically increase body temperature and dehydration, which was the
root cause for the deaths of these three wrestlers (Larimer). Larimer also explains changes the
NCAA made to the weight classes, adding a seven pound weight allowance to all of the weight
classes so that athletes would not have to lose as much weight, with the stipulation that all weigh–in
times for competitions would be held 2 hours prior to the event rather than 24 hours (Larimer). This
rule was enacted to discourage athletes from cutting weight on the basis that with less recovery
time, losing too much weight will not be beneficial to the

Fitness Satire
Fitness is one of the most growing industries in the world. We see it everywhere at the stores, on our
televisions, and all around us. We were taught in school that we need to stay fit and healthy or we
would become fat and obese. Fitness is so big now because of our recent problems with obesity. The
problem with trying to stay fit is it takes and a lot of people do not have time, so companies make
workouts that take less than an hour. You look at these people and they are fit there are not heavy
people, everybody get results. The sad thing is they were fit from something else and a company just
told them to be in this video and we will pay you. The bad thing about the fitness is there are a lot of
people that are dishonest and lie about how they got their body. The fitness ... Show more content on
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You wonder why am I not making any gains, I have gained some muscle but not like these other
people at the gym. "Son of a bitch" you start to get mad and wonder if you are lifting right, and
eating right. You finally learn the bitter truth, these people have been lying to you. These people say
if you eat right and do this program you will become ripped just like me. The only way you can be
as ripped as them is if you put a foreign object in your body. These people are druggies they use
steroids, the most common one is trembolone which is designed for farm animals. It hurts that they
do this and lie to you. The real crap is that they say that they are all natural. The one person that
lights my flame is a bodybuilder named Simeon Panada. This guy is six foot two; weight 235
pounds, has a waist of 34 and a 57 inch chest. He says that he is all natural and that people who
question me don't know how hard I have worked. Really man you say you are natural well let's
compare him to a well–known steroid user "the terminator" Arnold Schwarzenegger. In Arnolds
prime he was 6 feet 2 inches; weight 235 pounds, waist size of 34 inches and a chest of 57 inches.
Simeon

Adaptive Thermogenesis
Lastly there is adaptive thermogenesis– Which is the energy expenditure that happens when a
change of temperature of physiological stress happens on the body. Like a change in temperature
that will require you to shiver or stressing that will cause anxiety and worry. This changes the
energy expenditure because the body will use more energy to keep the body heat up if the
surrounding energies are below the normal body temperature. Adaptive thermogenesis will regulate
heat in response to diet, temperature which can result in a metabolic inefficiency. This will affect
your sport performance because your body will be using more energy to keep your body in a healthy
temperature reducing your performance in the physical activity that you are in.
Age will also affect your energy expenditure as when you get older, losing muscle will be easier and
gaining fat will also be easier. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Endomorph is a heavy build and will need more calories to move, it will be harder to lose and
easy to gain weight and less energy will be spent on things like heat. Athletes from this category
will most struggle if they are participating in sports like gymnastics as they will have to have a very
strict diet to keep their fat as low as possible. In exception in sports like sumo where being heavy is
required
Mesomorph which is a more muscular build might also use more energy than ectomorph and some
people may weigh more than an endomorph as muscle has more density than fat with a larger bone
structure. This body type is perfect for an athlete of any sport, you can become a body builder or
something as light as a tennis player. This body type is the ideal for sports, they can work harder and
longer than the two other types due to their ability to build muscle easily. Depending on the diet you
will determinate which body, thinner with a lot of power, or bulkier with a lot of strength, or in

Muscular Assessment And Resistant Training Program Design
Muscular Assessment & Resistant training program design Task one Client is Iasiah Harrington–
bartlett 18 years of age Training status; acquires more muscular strength & fitness for rugby
position. Position in sport is prop/loose forward. Contact details (home phone) 06 354 0122 (mobile
number) 0221221031 (email address) Iasiah.harrington.tc@gmail.com (residential address) 26
Lancaster street Highbury, Palmerston North Emergency contact details: Tasha Harrington (mother)
04 970 1156 (mobile number) 0226990393 (email address) tasha.harrington@gmail.com (residential
address) 1197 High Street, Taita, Lower Hutt. Task two WHR Norm Table & Results (male)
(mercola, 1997) Acceptable Unacceptable Excellent Good Average High Extreme Male 1.00 My
client's waist hip ratio was 0.84 which put him in the excellent category. Having a good waist to hip
ratio helps prevent problems such as diabetes, strokes and heart disease. Resting Heart Rate Norm
Table & Results (male) (resting heart rate norm table , n.d.) Age 18–25 26–36 36–45 46–55 56–65
65+ Athlete 49–55 49–54 50–56 50–57 51–56 50–55 Excellent 56–61 55–61 57–62 58–63 57–61
56–61 Good 62–65 62–65 63–66 64–67 62–67 62–65 Above average 66–69 66–70 67–70 68–71
68–71 66–69 Average 70–73 71–74 71–75 72–76 72–75 70–73 Below average 74–81 75–81 76–82
77–83 76–81 74–79 Poor 82+ 82+ 83+ 84+ 82+ 80+ My clients resting heart rate was 69 putting
him in the above average category. This meant that he

Essay on Am I Obese and What to Do About It
Summary Title: Bad health and obesity is clearly a big problem that is going on in today's society,
with some helpful tools one can find out the health level they are in and the actions needed to be
taken to be healthy. Introduction: Obesity has become a growing problem in America.
Approximately 2/3 of adults with another 17% of children/teens are obese.(1) That is nearly a 5%
increase since 2000.(2) How has this come to be? The problem lies in the diet that the Americans
have taken. With fast food chains taking over the food industry, everyone is getting lazier at cooking
and eating healthy meals. With the daily lives of most people being busy due to work and the other
chores, people are settling for fast food. Fast food has been ... Show more content on
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Where is my health level at? How can I find out my health level? and so on. If you believe that you
are overweight the easiest way to find out is by using the BMI scale. BMI, Body Mass Index, is a
form of measuring ones' body composition. Using your weight and height (in inches) you can
measure your BMI and have an idea of whether or not you are overweight. If the results are greater
than 25 then you are considered overweight under the BMI scale (4). Most people use the BMI scale
to find out if they need to lose weight or not. The BMI scale is not meant to be used in that way. It is
only meant to be an indirect measurement of body composition (4). Generally speaking, you are
overweight if your results come out to be over 25 as previously stated. Don't immediately fall to the
conclusion if your BMI is over 25 because the scale does not provide an accurate number since it
does not take into account many other factors. If you want a more accurate and official statement of
your body weight and health then there is the BIA method. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA),
is a direct method of measuring body composition. BIA uses the body's resistance and capacitive
reactance to measure the amount of water, nutrients and minerals and body fat (5). Using this
method has a small fee as it can't normally be done at home unless you have all of the tools.
Typically, a BIA test will cost you around 20–30 dollars. It is not a bad price to pay because it gives
you a lot

Diet Disorders: 28-Man Study
My research is based on self–experimenting and on several studies, did before by someone this was
the study.28 young male subjects were given a diet with half of their calories coming from fat and
30% overall calories then they normally consumed –a recipe for poor health. The subjects were split
into three groups: one group didn't exercise; one group trained intensely 4 times a week after a
carbohydrate rich breakfast and drank energy drinks during training and one group did the exit same
training routine in a fasted state in the morning before breakfast.
Bill Philips did the following study he took Twenty young non–obese (BMI < 30) were recruited to
participate in the study. Prior to the intervention, subjects were tested for body composition ... Show
Certainly, this is a sufficient period to realize significant reductions in weight and fat mass (as was
demonstrated here), but it remains possible that very slight differences between conditions *might*
take longer to manifest. We limited the duration of the study to ensure that the subjects adhered to
the diet and exercise protocol (longer term trials in young college students can be problematic with
respect to adherence). Our study was not funded, so we could not offer remuneration as an incentive
for sticking with the program. Ideally a 16–week protocol would better determine if any small
effects would ultimately become

Body Weight Demographic Research
A person's way is not a good indicator of health because it will not take into account muscle mass or
water weight. Body composition breaks down a person's weight into section, such as lean muscle
tissue, bone density, water weight, and body fat percentage. By knowing body composition and
body fat percentage we are able to assess our overall health, identify health risks, and tailor
workouts to fit a person's individual needs. Body fat percentage, if too high or too low, can cause
serious health risks. It is important to know one's body fat percentage in order to avoid or eliminate
those risks.
Many people know that there are health risks involved with having a high body fat percentage, but
there are also risks when it comes to having ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had the three–site measurement done. The three sites that were measured were the triceps, the
thigh, and the supra–iliac. This form of testing body fat percentage is different from the other two,
in that it did not take into account weight, height, or body measurements. Although this form of
testing is more accurate than the websites, it is still not the most accurate way of testing body
composition or body fat percentage. Skinfold tests only measure subcutaneous fat, which is the fat
that is right under the skin. This type of fat is not the most hazardous, as it does not surround the
organs. Because skinfold tests only measure this form of fat, there is no way of really knowing what
health risks may be involved with a person's percentage of body fat. Also, if someone has extra skin
from having significant weight loss, it would throw off the percentage of body fat measured by a
skinfold caliper.
I would say that the skinfold test would be better than the two websites when it comes to measuring
body fat percentage. Muscle mass, bloating, and water weight doesn't hinder the measuring of body
fat with a skinfold test like it would with basing body fat off of body measurements. A person's
measurements cannot accurately calculate their percentage of body fat. For that reason, the skinfold
test is better than the two

Obese And Overweight Women Essay
The Benefits of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese and Overweight Women Jamela Rabino
San Francisco State University The Benefits of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese and
Overweight Women Obesity is a prevalent and life–threatening health condition among our nation
as a majority of individuals become3 more sedentary, exercise programs such as high intensity
interval training (HIIT) have been developed. HIIT has become a widely known form of training
that consists of alternating rest and work periods. During the work period, the individual uses about
80 to 95% of their maximum heart rate, whereas the rest period is about 40 to 50% of the person's
maximal heart rate (American College of Sports Medicine, 2014). According to the American
College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), HIIT has become popular because an exercise program can be
easily developed and tailored towards individuals of any fitness level and there are many benefits.
Previous studies have shown evidence and benefits for men, but there is not much data available for
women (Smith–Ryan, Trexler, Wingfield, & Blue, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to explore the
benefits of HIIT among overweight to obese women. Article Summaries Kong, Sun, Liu, and Shi
(2016) analyzed the body's response to high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity
continuous training (MICT) within a group of women who were classified as overweight or obese.
Eighteen sedentary females between 18–30

Energy expenditure, intake and balance
Task 1 [P3, M1]
Describe/explain potential sources of energy intake and expenditure and the factors that affect intake
and expenditure such as basal metabolism, age, gender, climate and physical activity.
Food is a source of energy intake as it contains carbohydrates; there main function is to store energy
in the muscles. Carbs are a macronutrient and come in two different forms, simple which are foods
like chocolate and sweets these release energy quickly, the other form is complex which are foods
like pasta and rice they release energy slower so are better to keep energy for a sustained period of
time. There are certain factors that affect energy intake for instance what gender you are affects how
much energy you need, a male's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These measurements are then converted into body fat percentage using an equation; a male should
have around 15% body fat whereas a female should have 20–25% due to them having breasts etc.
(100 words)
Bioelectrical Impedance– Bioelectrical impedance measures the resistance of body tissues to the
flow of a small electrical signal. The proportion of body fat can be calculated due to the current
flowing through the parts of the body that are made up of mostly of water such as blood, urine and
muscle this is not possible through bone, fat and air. By doing this it is possible to work out how
much body fat the person has by combining the bioelectric impendence measurement with factors
such as gender, age, height, weight, and fitness level.
(100 words)
Hydro densitometry– Hydro densitometry (which is also known as hydrostatic weighing) is
weighing someone while they are in water, it is considered to be the most accurate form of
measuring body fat. A very large tank of water is used for this test, firstly a comparison is made
between the underwater weight and the dry weight of a person. Due to fat being less dense than the
other tissues in the body, it floats more easily. The more fat a person has on their body, the greater
the difference between the dry and wet weights. While this method of measuring is very accurate
and considered the best way of measuring body fat, not many people use this method because the
equipment and test is highly expensive.
(100 words)

Example Of Research Proposal On Obesity
Draft of research proposal
Tittle: Waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in non–
athletic University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) students – A correlation study.
Introduction
In this era of modernization, obesity has become a common disorder affecting a large number of
individuals all around the world. According to research published in 2013, one in five American
deaths is now associated with obesity.[1] In fact, obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat
accumulation that presents a risk to health.[10] An obese person will mount up a large amount of
body fat that it might bring about negative effect on their health. Waist circumference is an easy way
to check how much body fat we have and its distribution around our body. Eventually, it compares
closely with our body mass index (BMI), and is often seen as a better way of checking our risk of
developing a chronic disease.[9] A study has been done to show the threshold values for body mass
index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) for detecting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.[3]
Thus, it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, a recent study has found that there is an association between waist circumference and
body mass index with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy men and women.[4] In these models of
age of 18 to 65 years old, hours of training per week, and weekly caloric expenditure in sport
activity, significantly associated with VO2max. But however, this research is done with senior
citizens of age with mean age of mean 50.1 ± 8.7 years old for males and 49.7 ± 8.9 years old for
female, research on a younger generation has yet to be

Lab Report : Body Composition
Body Composition Lab Report Sidney Walters 010645001 Lab Techniques Fall 2016 Introduction
Body composition measurement is a very useful tool when trying to access overall fitness of an
individual. It is the measure of fat mass to non–fat mass (lean tissue). It is an important, but
sometimes overlooked factor in overall fitness because individuals with high levels of body fat ( in
particular when located centrally around the abdomen) have an increased risk of many different
health problems, such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, stroke, and cardiovascular
disease. All of these are serious health risks that can result in death. Unfortunately, these are
becoming increasingly more common as the rate of obesity is climbing. Although these risk factors
have some genetic predisposition, the majority of these factors are due to things such as poor diet
choices and a sedentary lifestyle. There are many different ways to measure body composition. BMI
is commonly used to assess weight relative to height. It is calculated by dividing body weight in
kilograms by height in meters squared. It is usually pretty accurate in adults, but it not very accurate
in populations such as pediatrics. (1) The most accessible and inexpensive method is through skin
fold assessments. These can be done by measuring three, four, or seven specific sites of the body. It
pinches the areas of the skin and measures the thickness of the fold for that site. A formula is then

Body Fat Spreadsheet
D) Immediately when you view the statistical results from the calculations on the spreadsheet you
can see that there is a strong relationship between BMI and percent body fat measured using BIA.
This was shown by the correlation value–r– of 0.64 when p=0.001. Based off these numbers, it
displays that there is a strong relationship and a statistically significant relationship. These statistics
show us that the direction of the r–value is positive with a strong relationship and the p–value is
significant. This shows us that by using a small age bracket– 18 through 24–, sex, height and weight
that the relation between all the participants is significant. E) Based on the numbers that were
produced in the spreadsheet I believe it would be appropriate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I believe this due to the numbers that were produced in the "difference" column of the spreadsheet.
In this column the numbers come from taking BMI and subtracting % Fat BIA . Based on what the
numbers were in each of these columns could result in a negative or positive number which means
that the results are both overestimated and underestimated; if the number is negative then the results
or underestimated. These negative numbers could come from a wide variety of circumstances from
an incorrect measurement of BMI. First off, BMI measurements cannot decipher between the
different types of fat in a person or the location. The location of fat is key in terms of increased risk
of disease. For example, a person may have a lower BMI than someone else who appears healthier
but if the person with a lower BMI has a majority of their fat stored in their belly they are at higher
risk for disease than a person who has fat distributed elsewhere. The fat in the belly displays a
higher risk for disease due to the fact that it will release compounds that can commence disease
(Cespedes). Fat located on the hips, thighs, etc. are healthy in a proper amount and do not result in
such dramatic increases as fat in the belly

Body Composition For An Athlete / Non Athlete
Body Composition for an Athlete/Non–Athlete
When we step on a scale, what exactly does that number mean? Based on our complete health, the
scale that is measuring our weight is not nearly significant as to the content of that weight. Instead
of calculating weight, we should be more receptive to our body's composition. The number on the
weight scale basically shows us the associated weight of all our body's tissues. To obtain this
information, there are many different types of techniques such as, BMI (body mass index),
skinfolds, DXA (dual–energy x–ray absorptiometry), and many more.
Athlete Assessment The athlete chosen for this given assessment was 19 year old, Madison Nagel.
She stands at 5 feet 6 inches, and weighs roughly around 135 pounds. She is the starting libero of
Arkansas Tech University women's volleyball team, therefore, has been regularly training for her
second year of collegiate volleyball since mid–August. Her daily exercise is 2 hours of moderate–
high intensity volleyball practice, and at least 3 of those days include an hour of moderate intensity
weight lifting. The body composition assessment methods that were used on Madi were the
Skyndex, the bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and the Futrex. In the table below for each of these
assessments, I did 3 trials. In the table below are Madi's results for each assessment:
Table 1 Madison Nagel's Body Composition Results
Assessment Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
Skyndex 20.4% 19.6% 19.3%
BIA 18.8% 18.5% 19.2%
Futrex

Leptin Receptor Gene g223r Polymorphism in Young Urban Sri...
Leptin receptor gene q223r polymorphism in young urban Sri Lankan women
Introduction
Overweight and obesity result from fat accumulation in adipose tissue which is an important fact
occur in result of energy imbalance and associated with many chronic diseases. The risk of
becoming overweight/obese with this fat accumulation increases across all socio–economic classes
as a result of urbanization, which expose them to an obesogenic environment. A relatively high
prevalence of overweight and obesity has been identified in Sri Lankan urban population, especially
females (Katulanda, et al., 2010). Genetics plays an important role in obesity (Loos et al, 2009).
Twin studies states also supports the fact that genetic influences are notable in obesity (Bouchard, et
al,1990). Genetic composition can predispose an individual to weight gain in this obesogenic
environment which arises with urbanization.
Different SNPs in the lep R have been associated with overwitght / obesity. SNP– Q223R in
extracellular domain of leptin receptor gene, results in the nucleotide substitution, Adenine to
Guanine due to condon change occurs at 223rd position which is a non–conservative amino acid
change. This amino acid change placed in first cytokine receptor homology, in between two FNIII–
like sub–domains and can affect the function of Lep Rs in hypothalamus and placenta as well as
soluble leptin receptors in energy homiostasis.
Although BMI has been widely used for accesses obesity, it does not

Lab Report on Exercise Prescription Essays
KINESIOLOGY 4330 – FITNESS PROGRAMS & APPRAISAL CASE STUDY Doe, Jane
First Author: Tovar, Jonathan Case Study for Jane Doe Abstract Jane Does, a 27 year old sedentary
Hispanic female, who was approached by us to participate in our program. goal was of losing
weight. The initial ACSM risk stratification diagnosis indicated a body composition of 27% body fat
at 137 lbs with a height of 5'6. The family medical history indicated a history of heart disease on the
paternal and maternal side of the family. According to ACSM risk stratification guidelines she does
not need a referral from a physician for exercise clearance. Measures regarding examining body
composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength/endurance, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Duration of exercise: 3 min Scoring procedures: Remain standing after exercise. Beginning 5 sec
after the cessation of exercise, take a 15–sec pulse count. Multiply the 15–sec count by 4 to express
the score in beats per minute (bpm). VO2 max in ml*kg–1 – min can be estimated using the
following equation . Women: VO2max = 65.81 – (0.1847 × 183)= 32.01 ml*kg–1 – min Muscular
Strength / Endurance 1 RM Strength test were administered to determine strength and endurance.
1RM Bench Press= 90lbs 1RM Leg Press= 350lbs 1 Minute Curl–Up= 48 repetitions 1 Minute Push
Up= 22 Flexibility Sit and Reach test was used to evaluate the subjects flexibility Jane Doe = 20
inch trunk flexion which ranks her in the 70% Summary of Diagnosis Jane Doe is sedentary healthy,
and based on her evaluations she falls under average or above average on almost all categories.
Exercise Prescription Caloric Balance / Body Composition According to Harris–Benedict Equation
Jane Does RMR is 1118.575. Her TEE is 1788.907 kcal a day which totals 12522.349kcals a week.
Her exercise program is of 3500 kcal per week. Which brings her total weekly of 9022.349 kcals per
week (average of 1288.907 per day w/ exercise ) with exercise with a weight loss of 2 pounds per
week Cardiorespiratory Fitness

What Do You See When You Look in the Mirror
Student: Diana Young
Course: 21st Century Skills: Information and Communication Literacy
Date: 7 September 2013
Professor: Colin Witherspoon
What Do You See in The Mirror? Have you ever looked at yourself in the mirror and were proud of
what you saw, just to step on the scale and feel like someone is playing a trick on you? Weight is a
funny thing when you are looking at the aspect of being healthy and having a productive life. Being
considered a healthy person has less to do with your weight on the scale and more to do with an
accurate body fat percentage. Even people who exercise and look physically fit could be considered
obese when it comes down to looking at the average weight/height chart. When looking at the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2013). Retrieved from Liver Doctor: http://www.liverdoctor.com/body–types/
Hillis, J. (2013, September 5). BMI Vs. Body Fat Percentage. Retrieved from Livestrong.com:
http://www.livestrong.com/article/77106–bmi–vs.–body–fat–percentage/
Steven B. Halls, M. (2008, May 26). About the "Metropolitan Life" tables of height and weight.
Retrieved from Halls.md: http://www.halls.md/ideal–weight/met.htm
What Is Body Fat Percentage? (2013). Retrieved from WiseGeek.com:
http://www.wisegeek.com/what–is–body–fat–percentage.htm
You have a great start for a rough draft here except you have no conclusion. Good introduction and
three solid supporting paragraphs, but you need to wrap it all up and reiterate your thesis statement
in a fifth paragraph. In you three supporting paragraphs you have a lot of good information, it does
seem like it almost entirely paraphrased though. You do need to include your own original ideas as
well (though keep it in third person). This could possibly take the form of summarizing the
information you have included in a paragraph to make a concise point for your

Body Fat Persuasive Essay
There is something about this generation that wants us to believe that a six pack is the ultimate
epitome of the sexy, fit woman. I don't disagree that working toward a trim waist–line is a worthy
goal since many health problems arise with the abundance of belly fat. It's the "absession" with the
six pack that can become dangerous. Female bodies were meant to have a certain amount of body
fat in order to maintain healthy menstrual cycles, fertility, safe pregnancies, healthy bones, skin and
hair. Obtaining and maintaining a six pack requires a body fat percentage that can be unhealthy for a
female body. 10–13 percent body fat is necessary to regulate many body systems. It is normal for
female athletes to have 14–20 percent, while women who are considered ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When the female athlete loses too much fat and calories along with a rigorous workout schedule, the
body may put up its defenses to protect itself from doing its job to reproduce. This may seem like a
good thing at first since, hey, don't some Olympians lose their menses? However, this can lead to
early menopause and that is never a good thing! Early menopause increases the risk of certain
cancers, osteoporosis, weight gain especially around the middle ( the very thing that caused this
problem in the first place), hair loss, dry skin, etc.
I am one of the many women who has idolized the six pack but as hard as I've tried to achieve it,
and the closer I've gotten to it, the more I am faced with this question. Is it really worth it? I've never
quite gotten to a six pack, and with my genetics and short waistline, I probably never will. I'm at 16
percent body fat and even though that is pretty low, it all tends to hang out on my lower belly. Quite
frankly, I don't want to lower my body fat and end up harming myself to grasp at something so

Normative Discontent of Body Image
Many people in modern culture have developed what has been termed a normative discontent with
their bodies. Women are particularly vulnerable to this development of body dissatisfaction, which
has been shown to create numerous negative heath issues. These health issues are a direct result
from trying to achieve the unrealistic ideal image media has created. This idea on how the body
should look floods modern media and women are discriminated upon if they are unable to meet
these strict physical requirements. However, unknown to the masses, the majority of the physical
characteristics portrayed are achieved from digital enhancement and not only the product of weight
loss. It is my goal within this paper to discuss the populations affected ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This causes a malnourished state has been known to cause many harmful health problems. Extreme
fatigue, muscle weakness, fainting, and dizziness can all be linked improper levels of vitamins and
minerals. (cite bulimia) On average, women generally have 6 to 11 percent more body fat than men.
Studies show that a women's hormone estrogen reduces their ability to convert food into energy
which results in an increase amount of stored body fat. When the body reaches a low body fat
percentage Amenorrhea, the loss of menstruation in women is a likely outcome. This can be a major
health concern for young women and should be checked out immediately. Even with all of these
negative health issues women are still inclined to achieve an unhealthy body weight. We are no
longer exercising for health benefits; but rather to keep up appearance issues at any cost.
http://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/20/world/study–finds–tv–alters–fiji–girls–view–of–body.html
BD travels across cultures
One of the most concerning aspects about this western way of thinking is the fact that is expanding
to other parts of the world. Culture is a major contributor to the way body images are formed. As a
result, different cultures around the world will have different views regarding what is considered
attractive. For example, in Polynesian culture bigger thicker individuals were

Obesity During The Us Military
OBESITY IN THE US MILITARY The Department of Defense (DoD) is the largest employer in the
United States; there are over 1.3 million men and women on active duty and 826 thousand serving
in the National Guard and Reserve forces. Each year roughly 184,000 new military personnel must
be recruited to replace those who leave (nber.org, 2010). Recruitment has become more demanding
for the U.S. military in the past years. Most of the new recruits entering the ranks are young men
and women between the ages of 17 and 20 years old; they are America 's sons and daughters. Over
the past decades, the continued increase of obesity cases in America has severely affected the supply
of prospective military recruits (Gagnon & Stephens, 2015). The US military is not immune to this
obesity epidemic the rate of service members kicked out for weight issues continues to rise. Obesity
has also become the leading cause of new recruits being denied entry into military service. Is it
possible that the US will reach a point where it will be unable to sustain a proper fighting force in
the future? Since the US armed forces recruit from the general population, the increase in
overweight/obesity in children and adults has become a concern and a threat to national defense
(Hruby et al,. 2015). This apparent issue first came to public attention in 2002, in a report entitled
"Are U.S. Troops Too Fat to Fight?" The report revealed trends within overweight active duty and
reserves as well as new recruits

The Effect Of Obesity On The New Zealand
The Factors that Lead to Obesity in New Zealand
There is a large variety of environmental factors that have led to the increase in Obesity in New
Zealand. This essay will explore the factors that have caused the increase in and how they interlink
with each other. There has been a clear trend of this world wide however New Zealand is currently
among the highest for the percentage of there population being rated 3rd behind the United States of
America and Mexico with 28.4% of our population being considered Over weight for Adults. 35%
of New Zealanders are considered obese placing 3rd behind Greece and Italy for. This has increase
from 18.8% in 1997 which has been seen as the 4th highest Behind United States of America,
Mexico and Australia. In individuals under 15 (Organisation for Economic Co–operation and
Development [OECD], 2013). Interlinking environmental factors have led to this epidemic is a
serious problem that is in need of fixing.
Obesity is a problem in society due the health problems it leads to. Heart Disease, Cancer and
Diabetes are a few life threating diseases that are far more common in obese people compared to
non–obese. Atherosclerosis is a Heart disease where plaque builds up on the lining of arteries, which
is that most common reason for vascular disease which is 10 times more common in obese people.
Forms of cancer. For likely hood of women Breast, colon, gallbladder and uterus cancer increases.
For Men the likely hood of colon and prostate cancer

The Rockport-Walking Test
Introduction
The primary focus of this lab is to familiarize students with the procedure and practice of taking
measurements, doing calculations, and constructing interpretations. These are foundational skills
that will be applicable and essential to any study performed. This lab requires and utilizes height,
weight, gender, age, and skinfold measurements to determine BMI, body composition, and
estimated VO2max. The Rockport–walking test, an alternative field test that directly establishes a
subject's maximal energy consumption, is required to determine the aerobic limitations/abilities of
the male subject M.N. and the female subject M.B. (Kline et al.1987). These calculations will be
used to formulate interpretation regarding the relationship ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to research done by Shete, Bute, and Deshmukh (2014), regular physical training can
improve aerobic capacity by enlarging cardiac chambers, increasing density of capillaries and
number of mitochondria (Shete, Bute, & Deshmukh, 2014). Both subjects are physically active on a
daily basis which enables them to produce good results in these various procedures and Shete, Bute,
and Deshmukh 2014 study says "regular physical activity definitely shows a higher aerobic
capacity" (Shete et al., 2014 p.

Personal Reflection Paper
BRIEF PAPER ABOUT RESEARCH From the research that I have done forming the three research
articles, I have concluded that the authors who wrote the research journal, the magazine, and the
book advise to not work out heavily every time. The authors suggest that if I do have a busy
schedule, one that does usually fit gym time in the daily commute, that I should at least incorporate
some level of physical activity whenever I have the free time. Simply walking at a fast pace on the
way to work or class, or just getting out of a chair and stretching is beneficial for most, if not all,
people. I can use the advice given to me so that I can be constantly active even when not in the gym,
so that I don't increase body fat percentages. The research articles are for the common group of
people who don't want to commit their life to the gym, but simply want to ease their way into it.
There are no stated risks for going to the gym, however there are indirectly stated risks for not going
to the gym and doing, say studying for copious amounts of hours. Stated in the first research article,
students who had a higher GPA and spent more hours studying tended to have a high body fat
percentage than those who studied 2 hours a day. The articles did list benefits that could come with
the exercise it advised. If I were to increase the physical activity I partake in in the day, I could be
able to breath better as well as have a better respiratory system in general. As well as this, I could

Media And Corruption
Stop reading, the story ends. You go back to your life and believe whatever you want to believe.
Continue reading, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. This is no
joke, this is no movie, this is real life and you're in it. The American media system is innately
corrupt and built on the vain purposes of those who fuel it. The current media and journalism
deceives its viewers and manipulates them via twisting and warping topics on a historically
monumental scale causing a wide range of negative effects. The negative influences the media has
on young men and women corrodes their self–image and deforms it. While attacking the psyche of
children it also promotes racism, xenophobia, and general fear in people from the suburban level to
the state level. This idea of promoting fear mongering leads to the separation of people and country.
In essence, journalism and the media as a whole have become a very successful pro–prejudice
system where anything and everything is negative. In no way is it ethically right to condone or
support any media source, not for some freedom of information cause or political agenda. The act of
condoning the media and journalism admits to the legitimacy of said media and in turn, condones
such behavior. Admitting the media is a legitimate system is also admitting: 'Kim Kardashian having
a baby" is news.
The American media system negatively affects the self–image of young boys and girls in America
by simply putting out

Benefits Of A Low Bodyfat Percentage
Gabriel Torres
Busby/Morss
World Studies ⅞
January 26, 2017
Benefits of a Low Bodyfat Percentage
Obesity is ranked second among preventable causes of death. About 70% of American adults are
either overweight or obese. Being obese or overweight puts the host at a higher risk for health
problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and much more (Alonso–Alonso). When I found out about
this jaw dropping information, I decided to take action and I made it my goal to maintain a low body
fat percentage over the course of two weeks (I will be sharing my experience further down the
road). Because of an elevated mood, aesthetic improvements, health benefits, and my positive
experience, obtaining low bodyfat percentage is very beneficial.
To begin, having a low bodyfat percentage is beneficial because it has the ability to boost self
esteem. "Losing excess weight can make you feel better both physically and emotionally and can
help you live a longer, healthier life" (Alonso–Alonso). "You become a different person physically
and Mentally. Confidence goes over the roof. Everything is mentally achievable" (Cooper). This
shows that having a low body fat percentage causes confidence and internal happiness because it
allows the host to feel better about their appearances in turn producing happier and more productive
people, which is a major common problem in modern days. This proves that a low body fat
percentage can benefit a person's mental health in a positive manner.
In addition, low

Benefits Of Refeed Days
Now if you follow some form of flexible dieting or count macro nutrients (even if it's a chicken,
broccoli, and rice diet) you have something more than just guessing on how much you can have.
That's why I prefer refeed days. For one I don't eliminate anything from a diet or anyone of my
client's diets either, and from a logical stand point I don't know why you have to eat "clean" all the
time but are allowed to eat bad foods or binge once a week uncontrolled? Like that makes totally
since right?
Refeed days are a more scientific approach to overfeeding. If you do follow flexible dieting or track
macro nutrients you know how much you are eating. You have guidelines to follow, and are not
cheating if you normally eat those foods anyway. Since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next logical step would be to increase energy expenditure through cardio. Before I get into
cardio, cardio is like a screwdriver in your entire tool box. The main goals of fat loss should be to
preserve muscle and lose body fat. Yes, every kind of cardio will work for fat loss; but the main
thing you should ask yourself what is more optimal?
There are different kinds of cardio using different energy sources as primary fuel during exercise.
Two of the most common forms are "Low Intensity Steady State, and High Intensity Interval
Training etc...Over time, fat burning is not an immediate process. In order to lose body fat you have
to release from the cells (lipolysis) and use it as fuel (oxidation) otherwise known as burning. Most
people think of "how much fat did I burn during my workout. What you really should be looking at
is "how much fat did I burn over the course of the day?" Now there are different types of cardio that
can be used throughout training. This is not a one size fits all category, but if the goal fat loss; your
main goals are to keep mass while losing body fat. The two most common types of cardio that I see
are: HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training, and Low Intensity Steady

5 Ways Of Break Through Weight Loss Plateaus By Michael S....
5 Ways to Break Through Weight Loss Plateaus By Michael S. Matthews | Submitted On April 11,
2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this
article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on
StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit
Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Michael S. Matthews Have you hit a weight loss
plateau? It 's time to learn why, and what you can do about it. Fat was practically falling off your
body just a few weeks ago, and now you 're wondering if your scale is broken because no matter
what you do, your weight won 't budge. What gives? Why did your routine suddenly stop working,
and what can you do to push through this weight loss plateau? Understanding Weight Loss Vs. Fat
Loss "Weight loss" is a tricky little devil because it doesn 't differentiate between changes in fat,
muscle, and water. The goal, of course, is to lose maximum fat and minimum muscle, and to keep
water retention at a healthy minimum. When you step on the scale and register a pound lighter than
the day or week before, you probably assume that you 've lost a pound of fat; if you weigh the same
or more, you probably assume that you 've lost no fat, or gained. Unfortunately, it 's not that simple.
Nothing swings weight up or down as easily as water retention, for example. If you eat a lot of
sodium and

A Laboratory Report on Body Composition
This is a laboratory report on measuring body composition. The aim of the laboratory report was to
compare two different field methods skinfolds and bioimpedance analysis to measure body
composition and evaluate the most reliable doubly indirect method to measure body composition. A
number of studies such as Kitano,T have shown a strong correlation between skinfold and
bioelectrical impedance analysis and tend to have an average body fat difference of less than 0.6.
Body composition is a combination of numerous components these are: Fat mass, fat free mass,
Adipose tissue mass, Lean body mass and relative body fat. Fat mass is defined as all the extractable
lipids from adipose and other tissue. Fat free mass is all the left over chemicals and tissues,
including water, muscle, bone, connective tissue and internal organs. Adipose tissue mass are
connective tissue that work as the major storage site for fat. Lean body mass is everything in the
body apart from body fat. Lean body mass includes organs, blood, bones, muscles and skin. Relative
body fat is the ratio between fat mass and total body mass. Body composition is measured in many
ways. Anthropometry refers to human body composition measurement. The most accurate and direct
form of measuring body composition is cadaver dissection which involves dissecting a dead human
body and determining the fat percentage. In vivo or indirect, doubly indirect methods do not
measure body composition directly, however predict it from

5 Ways Of Break Through Weight Loss Plateaus By Michael S....
5 Ways to Break Through Weight Loss Plateaus By Michael S. Matthews | Submitted On April 11,
2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this
article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on
StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit
Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Michael S. Matthews Have you hit a weight loss
plateau? It 's time to learn why, and what you can do about it. Fat was practically falling off your
body just a few weeks ago, and now you 're wondering if your scale is broken because no matter
what you do, your weight won 't budge. What gives? Why did your routine suddenly stop working,
and what can you do to push through this weight loss plateau? Understanding Weight Loss Vs. Fat
Loss "Weight loss" is a tricky little devil because it doesn 't differentiate between changes in fat,
muscle, and water. The goal, of course, is to lose maximum fat and minimum muscle, and to keep
water retention at a healthy minimum. When you step on the scale and register a pound lighter than
the day or week before, you probably assume that you 've lost a pound of fat; if you weigh the same
or more, you probably assume that you 've lost no fat, or gained. Unfortunately, it 's not that simple.
Nothing swings weight up or down as easily as water retention, for example. If you eat a lot of
sodium and carbs,

Biophysical Evaluation Lab Essay

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