The And The Un Declaration On Indigenous Rights

The And The Un Declaration On Indigenous Rights
In recent news reports about LNG development in British Columbia, First Nation communities are
only depicted in a position of power when associated with the proposed wealth of the project and
this is used to sway an undecided public. Furthermore, British Columbia is currently in a moment of
transition deciding where they lie on neoliberal development decisions. Neoliberalism is a form of
governance distinguished in its conjunction of particular practices and knowledge production that
emphasize the market and the responsibilities of enterprising subjects alongside the recognition of
collective and socio–economic rights of disadvantaged groups. Through all this reason, we can
argue that stories about First Nation issues and capitalism are particularly significant a site of
knowledge where the public determines the news. I also related my argument to Peter Manus online
reading and the UN Declaration on Indigenous Rights to give us a relationship between the First
Nations and the project. In Dirk Meissner 's article, "B.C LNG Minister says "We 're Not Afraid" of
Federal Environmental Tests" published on January 27th, 2016, the author introduced Rich
Coleman, British Columbia 's minister in charge of liquefied natural gas, will be heading to Ottawa
to talk about the province 's plan for a multibillion dollar LNG industry. Coleman claims he is
confident that British Columbia 's current environmental regulations will meet any existing or new
emission standards. But
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Lpg Market Prospects in India
DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF LPG IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION
According to the latest scenario of the Natural Gas Analysis, the Natural Gas market in India is
expected to be the one of the fastest growing in the world during the next two decades. Among its
segments LPG has made a substantial progress to become the most convenient, cost effective and
pollution free means of fuel, especially in the middle class segment. LPG market in India is not at all
versatile and competitive. It's a part of the Indian economy is still untouched by privatization. After
1991, many companies tried jumping in the LPG market but could not survive against Government
OMCs like IOCL, HPCL and BPCL. The reason behind such failure is the heavy subsidy given by
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stimulating Demand in Domestic sector:
Vision 2015 of Govt. of India
1. Increase in Domestic LPG Connections: * Focus on areas where LPG penetration is low by
giving incentives ‐Raise population coverage from 45% to 75%. * Increasing LPG customer from
115million to 160 million by 2015 * Switch Over from Kerosene to LPG * While 87% of urban
households are using LPG only 17% of rural population in India is on LPG. * In rural areas
firewood is the most common fuel, considering the availability and affordability * An affordable
alternative is a necessity for rural masses
Government is stimulating demand in rural area through Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitaran
2. Common LPG Kitchen‐Making LPG affordable:
Opening up community Kitchens in all villages with population > 5000 as a part of Corporate
Social Responsibility
Projected Growth in LPG Demand shall be 8–9% year on year till 2015.
Shall improve reach of LPG
A low cost model of distribution sustainable for cluster of villages

Career Objective Sample
Career Objective
Accomplished and highly safety focused Electrician seeking a challenging new career opportunity
where I can utilise my qualifications and extensive experience on various oil & gas projects
spanning 12 years. Trade qualified, multi–skilled and competent member and leader, I possess
advanced technical, fault–finding and problem solving skills, coupled with proven
instrumentation/automation and hazardous area expertise. Capable of functioning in remote areas,
harsh and challenging conditions, I am flexible to work various rosters/shifts on a FIFO basis, with a
proven track record of achievement promoting and adhering to workplace safety regulations,
coupled with a 100% accident free record. Physically fit and energetic, with ... Show more content
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May 2014 – Dec 2014 G&S ENGINEERING | www.g–s.com.au Bechtel: Curtis Island QCLNG
Project – Gladstone, Queensland
Instrumentation & Control Technician
Company Profile:
G&S Engineering in an alliance with Calibre Global and Brown Consulting is a leading Australian
integrated engineering services and project delivery group, providing comprehensive capability
across the asset life to service the resources and infrastructure markets in Australia and overseas
locations.
Project Scope:
Queensland Curtis LNG (a joint venture of QGC, China National Offshore Oil Corporation & Tokyo
Gas), Australia Pacific LNG (a joint venture of ConocoPhillips, Origin and Sinopec), and Santos
GLNG (a joint venture of Santos, Petronas, Total, and Kogas) each engaged Bechtel to design and
build the liquefied natural gas complex on Curtis Island.
Key Duties:
Worked collaboratively as part of the specialist electrical team sub–contracted to Bechtel on the
QCLNG project to carry–out the commissioning, installing and fault finding on all major
instrumentation and controls

The Environmental Performance of Chevron in Terms of...
With annual revenue of US $19.02 billion, Chevron Corporation is the 16th largest integrated oil
and gas energy company in the world. Globally they account for a workforce of approximately
62,000 (Forbes 2011). In 2010, the company produced 2.763 million barrels of oil per day (Chevron
2012). Corporations as large as Chevron owe a great amount of responsibility towards the society
and environment above and beyond the economic and legal obligations. The industry is strongly
linked to environmental scandals and companies make various efforts to address these issues
(Farache and Perks 2010, 235). The following thesis will review the Environmental performance of
Chevron in terms of fulfilling social needs within society and stakeholders. ... Show more content on
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Therefore, LNG sold globally enables to reduce 45 million tonnes less greenhouse emissions per
year; this was recognized by the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum and European
Commission. Further, they have engineered their LNG plant's lighting system in such a way that it
does not harm the natural habitats and its species, preventing stress caused to them and their
hatchlings (Chevron 2010; Chevron Australia 2012). In 2011 Chevron Australia has been awarded
the Environment Award for its best practices in environmental management and stewardship by the
Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association's (APPEA 2011). Similarly, in
Indonesia and Philippines, Chevron produces geothermal energy which is a form of clean renewable
energy generated using the earth's own heat while producing no greenhouse emissions. In Indonesia
alone they produce more that 630 megawatts of clean and affordable energy for approximately 4
million homes. At the same time they are committed to protect the endangered wildlife in
corporation with the community, park rangers and international wildlife groups to protect the
biodiversity. In recognition they received Indonesia's prestigious trophy for Best Environmental
Management (Indonesia Associate 2012; Chevron 2012). Chevron deployed its Social and Health
Impact Assessments (ESHIS) process that requires scanning every project in the early stages to
evaluate its environmental, social and health impacts and risks. This allows the

Pipeline Failures Are Caused By Undetected Corrosion Of...
The majority of pipeline failures are caused by undetected corrosion of the pipe (1). A real–time
corrosion detection technique that does not require access to the entire pipeline would allow for
maintenance and repairs to be done before a failure occurs, saving time and money, reducing or
negating environmental damage, and easing political pressure and social stigma on pipelines.
Pipeline failures can relate to each aspect of the STEEP model. When a pipeline fails, it effects the
surrounding environment by leaking hazardous gas and hydrocarbons into the ecosystem. In
addition to the environmental affects, the economical effects are drastic. Between 2002 and 2009,
pipeline companies spent over $600,000,000 on pipeline failures (1). Social and political stances on
pipelines are very crucial right now, as pipelines have a stigma in the media because of the damage
and loss of life failures cause. If we can reduce or negate these failures, social and political support
for pipelines should grow, enabling more pipelines to be built across the world. From my research, I
have not found any corrosion detection techniques out there that do what I am proposing. A real–
time corrosion detection technique would allow companies to detect corrosion in
underground/underwater piping systems without having to excavate, or dive and inspect them. A
wireless technology that can be introduced to a piping system capable of detecting corrosion or a
corrosive environment

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Natural Gas
THE ADVANTAGES AND SHORT COMINGS OF GAS VERSUS LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
(LNG) CASE STUDY : USA
PREPARE BY: OFOEGBU ROSEMARY. N
INTRODUCTION
Gas is a source of energy, which can generate combustion with the source of heat and oxygen, it is a
consumable product and highly inflammable.
It is a source of energy used in this modern society, it is widely use all over the word for different
purposes.
In this context, we take a look at the benefit of gas and liquefied natural gas, the effect as a primary
source of energy the impact on man and the short comings its posses
However, liquefied natural gas which is regarded as the end product of gas in liquid form i.e. LNG
undergo some stages and processes, it also contain some chemical reaction ... Show more content on
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This transfers the Carbon from the Earth to the Environment leading to the Global Warming Effect.
Natural Gas has been touted as a much Greener Fuel as compared to Oil and Coal. However some
experts dispute the fact that Natural Gas is cleaner and say that if you consider the lifetime impact
from the mining of Gas to its use it may be more harmful to the environment than Oil. Natural Gas
leads to Air Pollution due to some Gas that escapes into the Air and it?s not possible to capture all
the Natural Gas that is released. Water pollution is also accounted for as one of the shortcomings of
natural gas
Furthermore, the deliberate increase in terrorism in USA can be traced to huge amount of money
been generate from natural gas. E.g. terrorist attack on America by Osama Bin Laden Like other
sources of fossil fuel energy, Natural Gas Energy has much impact in depleting, and does not form a
sustainable answer to man?s energy questions. Natural Gas is highly combustible and it can lead to
explosions if not carefully handled. This is the reason that it is not used in vehicles more. Also it
exists mostly in the gaseous state which makes handling it more difficult than Oil.

What Liquefied Natural Gas ( Lng )
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research Topic The initial part of this
thesis provides, through selective reference to some of the literature, a clearer understanding of the
question of what Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG hereinafter) is and how its transportation system
works from the production plants to consumers all over the world. The aforementioned analysis will
constitute the basis of understanding the main international technical and geostrategic changes
taking place in the LNG industry and the factors which lead to the contemporary augmentation of
the spot market. In particular, this chapter includes an analysis of the technical characteristics of
LNG and its transportation process on the one hand, and an analysis of the legal background
focusing on chartering. More specifically, it provides a brief analysis of the definitions and the main
characteristics of the Time Charter Parties (T/C hereinafter), and Voyage Charter Parties (VCP
hereinafter). The remainder of the chapter is devoted to the presentation and discussion of the main
chartering routines followed when trading a vessel under different charter–parties (C/P hereinafter)
and special C/P forms. 1.1.1 Technical Background Analysis Definition and basic properties of LNG
This introductory subsection provides a brief overview of LNG basic properties, a pre–requisite for
accurately assessing potential LNG safety hazards and risks. Before proceeding to examine LNG
properties, it will be necessary

Alternative Fuels Essay
UPS's alternative fuels fleet is in response to growing trends in government and environmental
policies along with scientific discoveries in clean energy. The government launched a National
Clean Fleets Partnership aimed at helping businesses incorporate vehicles that run on alternate fuels.
The public private partnership began a collaboration between the U.S. Department of Energy and
businesses such as UPS's. Over the years UPS's has tried different options to achieve cost savings by
using fuel efficient alternative vehicles dating back to the 1930's. The first alternative vehicle they
started using was electric cars to deliver packages in New York City. These electric cars could only
reach 20–mph which was ideal in New York City, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the 2004 discovery of a massive shale gas fields in the Marcellus Shale region of the United
States this has caused the price of liquefied natural gas to drop in price making it a competitive
choice to diesel. This information is giving UPS more options to alternative fuels at a price that the
company can afford and still make a profit. UPS continues to test and gather information on
alternative fuels that would be best for their business and the environment. It is important for
businesses such as UPS to stay on top of changes in the external environment so they can make the
best decisions for the business. Without the discovery of the shale gas fields UPS would not have the
options that they currently do. The business needs to continue to stay up to date with external
environment information to know which alternative fuel technologies will become central over time.
UPS will continue testing new technologies in order to determine which energy source will have the
greatest benefit to the business. Sustainability is economic development that generates wealth and
meets the needs of the current population while preserving society and the environment for the
needs of future generations. UPS purchased 48 liquified natural gas engine tractor trailers in 2011,
by the

Case Study: Brownsville, Texas
Brownsville, Texas will improve economically through Texas LNG by providing more jobs to locals
and attracting people with a higher education. Brownsville is a little town on, at the tip of South
Texas, recognized for its riches in history. However, according to U.S. Census Bureau data and
economic website 24/7 Wall St., Brownsville is one of the poorest cities in the nation. Consequently,
it is time for a change and revolutionize Brownsville by agreeing to let LNG settle down in the port
of Brownsville. Texas LNG will provide jobs majorly to locals since the beginning of construction
of the plant. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of September 2015, the
unemployment rate in Brownsville, Texas is 6.6. Brownsville lacks in skilled workers since most of
the educated people from Brownsville migrate to other cities for better opportunities in jobs.
Allowing Texas and LNG will provide a variety of jobs for the residents of Brownsville by either a
high profiling job or a hard labor job such as construction and maintenance. ... Show more content
Consequently, people with high education will want to migrate to Brownsville, Texas. This will
allow Brownsville to convert more cultural diverse by having people from different parts of the
world that have the qualifications to work and will improve infrastructure. The people who will then
live in Brownsville, will then pay local taxes, pay mortgage, and invest in the community of the city.
Having more educated people from other parts of the world will increase the economy in
Brownsville,

Gas Utilization Of Oil And Gas Technologies
Although the difficulty in storing processing, transporting and distributing gas makes it difficult to
utilise (Cost of transporting per unit energy is about 10 times higher than that of oil) (Thomas et al,
2000), the evolution in oil and gas technologies has presented many new ways for the
commercialisation of APG, Technological options for the monetisation of APG categorised into the
methods available for getting gas from production sites to consumers where it can consumed. In this
chapter the various methods would be briefly described, highlighting obtainable products and
benefits, challenges and limitations and viability conditions. These methods are summarised as
shown in figure 10. Figure 10: Paths to gas monetisation 4.1.1 Pipelines This is the oldest and
simplest form of gas utilization. It involves transporting treated gas from producers directly to its
consumers (Speight, 2007; Kidnay et al., 2006) 4.1.1.1 Products and Benefits The product is
pipeline quality gas for domestic, commercial and industrial use or for further processing. Utilized
mainly for power and heat generation. Once in place, this system aids the utilization of massive
amounts of APG a well planned out pipeline network could supply numerous consumers from
numerous producers 4.1.1.2 Challenges and Limitations The Pipeline system is inflexible. Once
built, routes cannot be changed and additional connections are complex and uneconomical. Once
piping diameters are decided, quantities that can be

Indonesia’s Kerosene to Lpg Conversion Program
Indonesian government is embarking in a new economic project that is changing its current fuel
consumption (Kerosene) by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Due to the low quality of life, Kerosene
is widely used as cooking fuel by Indonesians household and commercial sector. It is a major
subsidized fuel where its usage is over sixty per cent of the 230 million populations. Therefore, this
kind of announcement can be the appropriate spark for BlueGas Company to think how this
declaration can be a lucrative investment for the organization in the Indonesian market. BlueGas is a
leading global player for LPG with the presence in 80 countries, so it is very obvious that this
company's management promulgates an intensive market study by developing ... Show more content
The parent company of BlueGas, BlueOil has already established foothold in Indonesia in the retail
service station and Lubricants market. Hence, this can be very helpful for the BlueGas to understand
the market and to get experience out it.
PERTAMINA as the only company existed in the market and supported by the Indonesian
government doesn't have the ability and the capacity to meet approximately 50 per cent of potential
total demand. This can open the appetite for any company to come and invest especially; the
government's invitation is based on first–come–first serve. Many economic indicators Like GDP,
purchasing power, income and industry growth are indicating a real motivated growth number,
which will make any investor optimistic about the future.
As per the above market analysis advantages and disadvantages, I think BlueGas Company should
invest in the Indonesian market. This company is delivering an essential product in any life sector.
That means; no one can neglect its importance despite of the objections and demonstrations.
However, BlueGas Company has to work
BlueGas Company has to take into consideration several actions which can make the company
penetrates effectively the Indonesian market. The key element for any successful company is by
delivering the best product, price, place and promotion.
Regarding the product, this can be done by

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Liquefied Natural Gas...
Mbali Mokgatla
A00018165
PCE 311 WAC Assignment
Liquefied Natural Gas Transportation and Its Risks
Mother Nature gave us natural resources to patronize and natural gas is one of them. Small
quantities of ethane, propane, butane and pentane are found in the natural gas composition but it is
mostly made up of methane. The high volume of pipeline gas makes it difficult for it to be
transported in its gaseous form. This is the reason why the oil industry is dominating because of how
easy it can be transported. Pipelines are suitable for transporting pipeline natural gas but
constructing the suitable infrastructure is very expensive and not technically feasible for global
transportation.1 In addition, for you to be able to make it in the gas industry you need trading
partners to buy your natural gas. Having said that, one can deduce that the only way to make a ...
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The advantage of LNG is that it can be regasified when it gets to the end user. More companies are
getting into the LNG market as it is more profitable and less expensive with less hazardous
emissions to the atmosphere. Countries that do not have natural gas import it from other countries as
liquefied gas and regasify it. Importing LNG is advantageous for developing countries as LNG is
good for boosting the economy of a country. It does that by allowing foreign direct investment
where other countries open and run natural gas companies in other countries. Shell is a foreign
company in Nigeria but it boosts the economy of Nigeria by increasing the gross domestic product
and the total income in Nigeria. The growth of the LNG market creates jobs through construction of
natural gas plans and other facilities that need to be in place for storage and regasification process.2
LNG helps oil companies to increase their revenue by selling the natural gas that comes with oil
other than flaring it to the atmosphere hence decreasing harmful

E & I Supervisor Biography
A highly safety–focused and accomplished Electrical Supervisor with advanced project
management, site supervision and team leadership skills, together with proven expertise in planning
and scheduling of work activities, overseeing compliance and hazardous area work, whilst meeting
project specifications and deadlines. Experienced in leading large scale Greenfield & Brownfield
construction projects in oil & gas, power generation and construction environments, I have excellent
communication and interpersonal skills with demonstrated proficiency aligning and collaborating
with construction crews, clients, vendors and senior management to achieve efficient coordination
of maintenance and installation activities. Flexible and adaptable to work ... Show more content on
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Supervise 30+ electricians, instrument tube fitters, trade assistances and hazardous area inspectors,
plus Apprentices utilising strong delegation, coaching, mentoring skills in addition to interpretation
and implementation of design and planning.
Manage the E&I team working within Construction, Commissioning, Operational and High Voltage
areas to develop, write, submit, review and implement complex permits, JHA's and WMS to ensure
all hazards were are controlled.
Utilize CCMS, SitePro, Citrix, Zenator, Navis Works and iDocs to pass on as much information as
possible and achieving productive night shift handovers as well as for day–to–day tasks.
Organise and oversee sub–contractor activities, ensuring they have the required materials and
tooling to complete their assigned task safely, on time and budget and to specified quality standards.
Maintain an active involvement with the IIF action team, continually promoting safety awareness to
crew members and management, ensuring compliance with all safety standards and leading by
example, which has resulted in the crew embracing an IIF

Fumigufium Research Paper
Our world is giant but fragile. Fragile enough that we are able to greatly affect it. Our final articles
focus on the topic of pollution and how it degrades our society as well as the environment.
Fumigufium by John Evelyn begins by describing the terrible smoke and its affects caused by the
burning of coal in London. The city is transformed from one of beauty to disgust. It was claimed
you could barely distinguish someone from a crowd. People had developed persistent coughs as
well. It was obvious the pollution from fossil fuels had produced negative affects. Although, a fairly
new energy source may now be harvested which burns cleaner than coal and oil. It is natural gas. As
seen in Fracking Nation, natural gas is an untapped resource which ... Show more content on
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I believe the answer to this is no, but it is more complicated than it seems. We may not be able to
develop without degradation, but we may be able to limit degradation so that our effect becomes
negligible and the environment is healthy enough to replenish itself. In the case of Fumifugium, the
burning of wood rather than the burning of coal is seen as a cleaner solution since it emits less
pollutants than coal. Even though it would require massive amounts of wood and deforstation, it was
pointed out that trees could be replanted year by year replenishing the used supply. This increase of
trees planted could also benefit the little pollutants that are created by burning the wood as trees are
able to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. Fracking Nation also provided its own solution to
minimizing the affect of the fracking problem by the use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). LPG
converts back into a gas underground which allows it to be almost 100% retrievable when being
sucked back up with the natural gas from the reservoir. It's retrievablity lowers the cost of filtering it
back along with lowering the need for water and decreasing the size of staging operations needed. It
eliminates the need for pits for waste. Furthermore, Restoring Rivers, describes how collaborative
efforts and organization may promote restoration projects. Through these efforts the goals of
improving water quality, managing riparian vegetation, enhancing in–stream habitats, providing
passages for fish, and stabilizing banks may be

Oil And Natural Gas Pipeline
Pipeline transportation is a process which can be used to transport natural gas from discovery areas
or refinery plant to its distribution station, its length is generally from hundreds to thousands of
kilometers. It has already had 130 years history, its development is closely related to the
improvement of oil and gas industry as one of the main way to ship oil and natural gas. Modern
pipeline transport began in the mid–19th century, the first natural gas pipeline around the world has
been built at 1886 in Pennsylvania of American but its further development is beginning in the 20th
century. With the expansion of natural gas industry after World War II, countries in the world have
begun to build considerable natural gas pipelines, the length of global main pipelines have exceed
1,600,000 Kilometer so far. Currently, it has already become an important way to transport a large
quantity of natural gas on land. This essay will show the efficiency of natural gas pipeline
transportation in safety, stability and economy aspects. In addition, pipelines can enable natural gas
transport more secure, stable and economical. Pipelines' safety will be discussed in the first,
following this, the essay will show that pipelines are easier to maintain a stable operating condition.
At last, the economy of pipelines will be given.
There are several ways to transport natural gas in energy industry, such as through vehicles, rails and
ships. However, pipeline transportation could be one of the

Mining Accidents Are Not Dangerous For People And The...
However, this resource is finite. According to the World Coal Association, "If we don 't increase
production AT ALL we have 118 years left... we 'll be seeing a 512% increase in coal demand... That
118 years gets chopped down right quick to 23 years IF we increase production to meet demand"
("23 Years Worth of Coal Left"). Because of rising populations and the demand for more energy, the
need for coal rises. Unfortunately, because coal is derived from fossils, it will eventually run out,
possibly in a few decades. There is also the possibility of accidents that can occur during mining that
make it dangerous for people and the environment. Activities such as digging into mountains,
tearing up land, removing trees, etc., cause major damage to ... Show more content on
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Associated natural gas is usually extracted along with oil, and then sent to a processing plant. The
finished product is called "pipeline quality natural gas." This gas can also be liquefied and
transported by ships. In this form, it is called LNG, or liquefied natural gas.
Although natural gas is cleaner than most fossil fuels, it still produces Co2 emissions. During the
extraction process, natural gas escapes into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. Natural
gas leaks are also dangerous to local communities because of the fact that natural gas is colorless,
odorless, highly toxic, and explosive (Rutherford). The pipelines that carry the natural gas across the
country are another cause for concern:
"12.8 billion cubic feet. That's how much natural gas has been released since 2010 in nearly 700
"incidents" reported to the federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration...
Another 36 million cubic feet of natural gas escaped during incidents from the distribution systems
that deliver gas to homes and businesses during that time. Added up, it's enough gas to heat more
than 170,000 homes for a year" (Thompson).
This immense amount of natural gas that has escaped doesn't just "disappear"; it only causes further
damage to the environment.
Nuclear energy is yet another source of energy the U.S invests in. The United States is currently the
world's leader as far as producing nuclear energy; however, over 90% of the uranium

The Feasibility Of Chicago Bridge & Iron Company
The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CB&I)
venturing into the East African Nation of Mozambique. This is a joint venture with Saipem and
Chiyoda, but this study will focus solely on CB&I. The venture is a contracted initial development
of the onshore LNG (liquefied natural gas) park in Mozambique by Anadarko Petroleum
Corporation. The development is set to be in the Rovuma Basin in Mozambique. This particular area
has over 75 trillion cubic feet of potentially recoverable natural gas resources (Blum, 2015). The
onshore LNG park will include two LNG trains that both have a capacity of six million tons per
annum, multi–berth marine jetty, condensate storage, and the necessary ... Show more content on
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The four operating groups within CB&I are: Engineering & Construction, Fabrication Services,
Capitol Services and Technology (CBI, 2015). The Energy and Construction sector provides
procurement, engineering, construction, and fabrication for major energy infrastructure facilities
(CBI, 2015). CB&I's fabrication services sector is the largest supplier of storage tanks and vessels
for various industries such as water/ wastewater, oil, natural gas, and power generation (CBI, 2015).
The capital services group provides services for governments and private sectors that focus on
maintenance, environmental, infrastructure and program management (CBI, 2015). The technology
group specializes in licensed process technologies, catalysts and specialized equipment for use in
petrochemical facilities, oil refineries and gas processing plants (CBI, 2015).
Drivers of Globalization for Oil and Natural Gas Industry
The natural gas and oil industry is driven by the competitive, cost, and government drivers. The gas
and oil industry can only prosper when there are enough resources (both natural and man–made) to
match the demand. There must also be infrastructures in place that can transport and store the
natural gas. This is the role that CB&I will play in the venture into Mozambique. The cost of gas
and oil largely reflects availability. Measuring sourcing efficiencies entails the potential percentage

Applicability Of 4d Modeling For Resource Allocation Of...
a) I read an article named "applicability of 4D modeling for resource allocation in mega liquefied
natural gas plant construction" in Automation in Construction. The authors are Ying Zhou
(Huazhong University of Science &Technology), Lieyun Ding Huazhong (University of Science
&Technology), Xiangyu Wang (Curtin University), Martijn Truijens (Australasian Joint Research
Centre for Building Information Modeling), Hanbin Luo (Kyung Hee University). b) This paper
presented that four–dimensional (4D) modeling has gained much potential in improving
construction process design and planning. It gave readers a description about the tradition approach
in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant construction and the development of it. Then the author
described a process of an example where 4D models were applied to an offshore LNG plant
construction project. At last the paper made a conclusion that the 4D models played an important
tool for LNG construction projects and planning and the scheduling of resources. The focus of this
article is similar to a topic covered in CVEN 638. The topic is "Digital Cities". In the class, the
professor gave us the concept of digital cities. A digital city platform allow for heterogeneous 2D,
3D and 4D temporal data to be brought together in a comprehensive format. Here the 4D model
means the time streamline will be added in the model visualization in order to improve the
efficiency of scheduling, planning and cite communication. It's

MD & A Case Study: Fortis Inc.
The MD&A states that Fortis is making an effort to achieve its growth sustainably in rate base,
assets and earnings via its investment in business operations. Additionally, Fortis will keep focusing
on clean energy and energy conservation initiatives, at the same time, balancing technology
developments and changes in customer needs (Fortis Inc., 2016, P.21).
On April 1, 2016, Fortis acquired Aitken Creek which was a subsidiary of Chevron Canada
Properties Ltd. Aitken Creek Gas Storage ULC owns and operates natural gas storage facility, and
the company is located in the heart of the prolific Montney production region. This company owns
business related to natural gas transmission as well. And it is the only underground natural gas
storage

The Natural Gas Of Gas Essay
Natural gas liquefaction goes back to the 19th century when Michael Faraday, a British chemist and
physicist, experimented with liquefying different types of gases including natural gas. Liquefied
natural gas (LNG) is an odorless, colorless, non–toxic, non–corrosive and non–flammable form of
methane. "The first liquefied natural gas plant was built in West Virginia in 1912" (Dominion). The
LNG was first produced in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1939. In the 1950s and 1960s, the ocean–going trade
in international LNG began. In 1969, the first LNG terminal and commercial liquefaction facility in
the world in the United States began operations in Kenai, Alaska. The Kenai Peninsula LNG plant,
operated by ConocoPhillips, is one of the oldest and constantly operated LNG plants in the world. In
order for natural gas to be exported overseas, it must first be turned into liquefied natural gas,
attested and a safe process that requires the construction and operation of new facilities.
The US government has a deep history of regulating different aspects of natural gas, including LNG,
in interstate commerce. In 1938, Congress passed the Natural Gas Act, which granted the Federal
Power Commission (FPC) exclusive jurisdiction over the import and export of natural gas. The
federal government had been reorganized since 1938. To this day, the function of protecting the
"public interest" for natural gas imports and exports has been allocated between two federal entities
which are the FERC and DOE.

Strategic International Trade Operations Essay
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Assignment 2
Expansion strategies applying into Japanese LNG market
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Assignment 2
Expansion strategies applying into Japanese LNG market
BEO3517 Strategic International Trade Practice
BEO3517 Strategic International Trade Practice
Table of Contents Introduction 1 The level of economic activity and demographics of Japan which is
relevant to the expansion 2 Demographics of Japan 2 Economy of Japan 3 A review of your
company's export performance and strategies 5 A description of your company's operations relevant
to this export expansion 6 Productivity improvements to be gained by this export market expansion
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1 January 2011) | Japans stock of direct foreign investment – from home$146.7 billion (31
December 2011)
$199.4 billion (31 December 2010)Japans stock of direct foreign investment – abroad$880 billion
(31 December 2011)
$795.7 billion (31 December 2010) | Japans Natural gas – production 3.397 billion cu m
(2010)Japans Natural gas –

The Texas Railroad Commission And The American Economy Essay
The Texas Railroad Commission What does one think about when they hear the words Texas
Railroad Commission? Many things may come to mind but it's really only two things and those are
natural gas and oil. Which happened to be one of Texas biggest assets year round. It is one of the
largest bodies in all of the country which gives it such a large influence on the supply and prices of
oil in the country. When the commission first came about its original purpose was to oversee the
railroads. When James Hogg lead the Populist–style resentment for the railroads he won his election
in 1890 and became governor mainly based on the fact that, he had promised to have the railroads
regulated. "The Texas Railroad Commission evolved from its founding in 1891 to a multi–divisional
regulatory commission that oversaw not only railroads but also a number of other industries central
to the modern American economy: petroleum production, natural gas utilities, and motor carriers."
(Childs, 2005) The state simultaneously amended the constitution to allow such a body. With this
being established it gave jurisdiction over the operation of railroads, rates, wharves, terminals and
express companies. "Governor Hogg 's first appointments were John H. Reagan (chairman), Judge
William Pinckney McLean, and Lafayette L. Foster. In 1894 the legislature made the agency
elective, the three commissioners henceforth serving six–year, overlapping terms in Austin."
(Prindle, 1991) Despite the occasional

Lpg And Natural Gas : Gas
There are distinctive energy contents with LPG and Natural Gas, they are the same, but they are
different in many ways (Hahn). LPG and Natural Gas are broadly accessible and used for thousands
of applications (Hahn). There are two core distinctions in the way that natural gas (Methane) and
LPG (Propane) are burnt (Hahn). CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is a readily substitution of petrol
that is made by compressing natural gas (Hahn). Consisting mostly of methane, CNG is odorless,
colorless and tasteless (Sirdah, Rahma). CNG is produced from domestically drilled natural gas
wells or in conjunction with crude oil production (Sirdah, Rahma). CNG Methane gas can be stored
at high pressure; typically over 200 bars (Hahn). LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) The term LPG
encompasses more than one kind of gas (Hahn). There are a number of hydrocarbon gases that fall
into the type of LPG (Hahn). Their common trait is that they can be compacted into a liquid low
pressures (Hahn). The first difference are in LPG is the energy content, less gas is required to
produce the same amount of heat because of a higher calorific value, or energy content (Hahn). The
second difference is LPG requires more oxygen to gas ratio for proper ignition (Hahn).
Not only is running an LPG car economical, it is also a cleaner burning fuel than petrol, so engine
life is extended and greenhouse emissions reduced (Sirdah, Rahma). Natural Gas (Methane) Natural
gas is primarily Methane (Sirdah, Rahma). CNG

Rio Grande And South Padre Island Case Study
"I am pessimistic about the human race because it is too ingenious for its own good. Our approach
to nature is to beat it into submission. We would stand a better chance of survival if we
accommodated ourselves to this planet and viewed it appreciatively, instead of skeptically and
dictatorially." ― E.B. White. In accommodation to the environment, the liquefied natural gas (LNG)
plants that are being planned to be built in between Brownsville and Port Isabel should be cancelled
to keep the Rio Grande and South Padre Island a highly admired tourist site. Liquefied natural gas is
natural gas in a liquid form, produced by cooling the gas to –259°F through a process called
liquefaction. Even though there is a low percentage (5%–15%) LNG will catch a fire, the LNG's
vapor can explode when hemmed in a constricted space (Valley Green Space). ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The massive industrialization and pollution that LNG will bring could erode important economic
drivers such as commercial fishing, shrimping, and beach and nature tourism" (Valley Green Space).
Since part of RGV is next to the Gulf of Mexico, many jobs in that area are associated with fishing.
Additionally, the beautiful tourist South Padre Island is at bay, and the tourists who come by to take
in the beauty always need someone to help them discover the sights and wonders the island has to
offer. This is where the tourists play a key in employment in the RGV. If the LNG project sets forth,
"beautiful coastal prairie and dense brush...will be bulldozed and paved over" (Valley Green Space).
Aside from exterminating the habitat for its place, it will continue to degrade the environment by
emancipating pollutants and toxins into

The Strategy Of Mergers And Acquisition
2.1 Strategy of Mergers & Acquisition Mergers & Acquisitions refers to corporate reorganisations
that transfer an organisation's ownership from one firm, the target, to the other known as the
acquirer (Motis, 2007). The difference between a merger and an acquisition is that the former is a
combination of two companies, whereas acquisition is when one company completely takeover
another (Gupta, 2013. M&A can benefit companies in various ways and the main advantage is all
the potential economies of scale that can arise from the deal (Pettinger, 2012). For example, the firm
benefits from cost savings that are associated with marketing and technology. Furthermore, M&A
deals provide firms access to a wider customer base and increase their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also, employees can be made redundant as the acquiring company can shut shown under–
performing departments (eFinanceManagement, 2015). Section 2 2.1 Mergers & Acquisition in Oil
& Gas Industry Organisations see M&A as a fast and efficient way to expand into new markets and
incorporate new technologies (Schuler & Jackson, 2001). M&A have a high level of success,
nonetheless, failures in an M&A deals are also inevitable. According to Schuler & Jackson (2001), a
substantial number of financial and market factors can actually be traced to the negligence of human
resource issues and activities. Gupta (2013) mentioned the different motives organisations have for
pursuing a merger and acquisition deal are strategic, financial and organisational motives.
Conversely, Wheeler et al (2014) go to state the trends for an M&A deal are based on factors such as
oil prices, capital availability, oil acquisitions, or strong valuation. And with the current oil price,
chief economists at Charles Stanley, Jeremy Batstone–Carr, "warns that further price falls could
really start hurting the big firms" (West, 2016), implicating a negative effect on oil companies.
Wheeler et al (2014) state M&A activities declined in the industry during 2013, however, the
industry has continued to see many deals occur afterwards (Ambrose, 2016). Additionally, as

What Are Fossil Fuels?
Today when our car is running low on gas, all we do is stop at a gas station and fill it up. We do not
even take a second to think about it, we just do it. Not many people stop and think about how the
fuel we are putting into our cars got to the gas station in the first place. The bad news for us is that
oil, along with a few other resources, are fossil fuels. Almost everyone's daily life uses fossil fuels in
one way or another. The big question that not many people ask or know the answer to is; what are
fossil fuels? To find out what fossil fuels are, we must first know how they were formed. They were
at first actual living organisms. "They were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived
hundreds of millions of years ago" (Department of Energy, N.d, p.1). Examples of fossil fuels are
oil, coal, and natural gas. All three of these resources are given a term "non–renewable." This is
because once we use all of these resources up, they are gone forever. These non–renewable
resources also cannot be replaced in our lifetime. There is only a certain amount of these fossil fuels
left in the Earth for us to be able to use. To better understand fossil fuels, we need to look at each
one separately. The first fossil fuel that most people think of is oil. "Oil was formed from layers of
sediments rich in the remains of tiny (microscopic) plants and animals. As the layers were buried
deeper and deeper below younger layers of sediment, the plant and animal

Changing Business Environment Companies For A New Customer...
Question 1:
In today's ever changing business environment companies need to explore newer opportunities and
take some risks to succeed. An article provided by Powerlinx, had surveyed 330 senior management
executives, to provide some feedback as to what benefits could be achieved from creating strategic
partnerships. There were six central benefits. One benefit was gaining access to a new customer
base. The expanded customer base would lead to increased market share which would allow a
business to succeed in their market segment. The second most important benefit would be expanding
revenue. Aligning with other firms that have similar objectives would make processes much more
efficient. When businesses align, there are additional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When companies work together, the investment burden is shared and production time is
significantly reduced. The synergy between the four companies will allow them to each focus on a
particular area in order to achieve their strategic plan. In addition to more efficient resource pooling
and shared responsibility, risk is significantly reduced. According to the Harvard Business Review, a
"company sets up a joint venture with a partner that has complementary assets and capabilities, in
order to limit up–front investments, speed up market entry, and reduce risk" (Vantrappen, Deneffe).
If one of these companies could handle all of the operations themselves, initiating a joint venture
might need to be reconsidered; the competitive advantage would be too valuable. Unfortunately,
none of these companies have that luxury, so the joint venture is warranted.
Question 2:
One opportunity in external environment which may have led this initiative is the growing
ownership of alternative fuel powered vehicles in the marketplace. According to the US Department
of Energy, alternative fuel powered vehicles were on the rise in the late 2000s ("7–8 Alternative"). In
regards to liquefied natural gas, the product was growing rapidly in popularity due to the
technological advancements of natural gas drilling giving way to a surplus of LNG for use ("What Is
LNG and Why Is It Popular"). Dan Usin (Navistar CEO) even said "Natural gas has clearly emerged
as the most

Saudi Arabia And The Persian Gulf
Qatar, a country located in the Middle East by Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf, has a thriving
economy due to the vast amount of oil and gas reserves located along its vast coastline. Although
there are actually only 250,000 native Qataris living in the country, they have an average income of
$400,000 each. Gross domestic product, which is considered the total amount of goods and services
produced in a country over the course of a year, is measured at one hundred and ninety–eight billion
in Qatar (Economy overview: Qatar). Qatar essentially constructed urban and industrial projects
around major oil refineries and seaports. Surprisingly, this country, which has a total population of
2,123,160, is uniquely prospering due to revenue from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Qatar's total exports were valued at $57.82 billion, with natural gas, oil, fertilizers, and steel as
popular export commodities ("Qatar Economic Forecast"). Japan is considered Qatar's major trading
partner when it comes to exports. Qatar works with a trade surplus, with revenues gained that are
reinvested into imports that has helped this country maintain a rapidly growing economy ("Qatar
Economy"). On the other hand, Qatar imports food, chemicals, and machinery and transport
equipment from countries such as the United States (14.2 percent), Saudi Arabia (8.6 percent), and
the United Kingdom (6.4 percent) (Economy overview: Qatar). Qatar has become an economic
powerhouse, ranging from the 1950's up until over the past couple of years due to several reasons.
Since Qatar is located on the world's largest natural–gas reserve, this has allowed the country to
employ more than ninety two percent of its citizens in government–funded jobs (Bates). In 1955,
Hamad bin Khalifah Al Than impeached his father and after this occurred, Qatar became a force to
deal with in the region and beyond (Bates). First, Al Than allowed the U.S. set up its military
headquarters just outside of the capital of Qatar. Hamad went on to build the world 's largest
facilities for compressing liquid natural gas, which now exports to Europe, Japan, and India (Bates).
"It really projected Qatar to a role of importance in the

Russia China Energy Relations : A Comprehensive Overview...
Russia–China Energy Relations: A Comprehensive Overview
The future of Russia–China engagement and competition in the energy sector will largely depend on
Russia's ability to maximize its strategic and economic position in the Asia–Pacific region.
Northeast Asia is home to China and Japan – the world's second and third largest economies by
GDP, respectively – and also "boasts half the world's population [and] includes many of the key
engines of the global economy, as well as the largest emitters of greenhouse gases," prompting then–
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to proclaim in 2011 that "the future of politics will be
decided in Asia." Moreover, some of the most vital strategic and security challenges for Russia,
China, and other powers will play out in the Asia–Pacific region; North Korea borders Russia and
China and conducts regular provocations that may raise the risk to regional energy infrastructure,
and maritime hotspots increase the prospect of conflict.
Increasing demand for energy – particularly natural gas – from the major Asian economies will open
up tremendous opportunities for Russia to bolster its energy security by supplying oil and natural
gas to China, Japan, and Korea. At the same time, China's ever–increasing economic leverage and
Russia's high dependence on the energy sector means that depending primarily on the Chinese
market would weaken Russia's energy security. Russia should therefore continue to pursue a dual
track policy of engaging

Case Study On Exxon
Is Exxon's top spot in danger?
Ben Van Beurden, Chief Executive Officer of Royal Dutch Shell has laid out an ambitious plan to
overtake Exxon Mobil, the number one gas company in the world. Prior to 1990s, Shell was the
leader in total shareholder returns, however, it was overtaken by its rivals using the acquisition
route. Mr. Beurden believes that Shell will be able to regain its lost glory post the acquisition of the
BG group.
"I am determined to get us to that number one place," Mr. Beurden said after outlining the
company's long–term strategy in London. "I want to create a world class investment case for Shell
and our shareholders," reports Bloomberg.
Shell with a market capitalization of $216.6 billion has a lot of catching up to do if it wants to
surpass Exxon's market capitalization of $379.5 billion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason for higher valuation is the confidence that Exxon is in a better position to tide over the
current downturn in oil prices and it is a better–managed company than Shell.
Shell's gross and operating margins, return on equity, assets to cash flow are way below that of
Exxon.
Though Shell has narrowed the gap for total shareholder returns, Exxon still has an upper hand.
After the purchase of BG, the total debt of Shell has increased to $81 billion, whereas Exxon with
$43 billion of debt has options left on the table.
To impress the investor community, Shell plans to increase its free cash flow per share, improve its
returns and run the company conservatively. In order to do so, Shell has capped annual investments
at $30 billion until 2020 and it has left options open to reduce spending below its lower target range
of $25 billion in case crude price hovers close to the current levels of $50 per barrel or drops below
it.
It plans to slow down investments in the liquefied natural gas business as

Separating Wall Columns Into The Separation Of Liquefied...
A series of articles have been published from the Yeungnam University mainly led by Long and Lee
that relates to the incorporation of dividing wall columns into the separation of liquefied natural gas.
Each base case had slight variances and the proposed dividing wall column design was also
distinctive.
1.5.1.1 First case study
Figure 29– Double Dividing Wall Column for Natural Gas separation (Long and Lee 2011)
In this natural gas liquid (LNG) separation study conducted by Long and Lee (2011), the base
separation system includes a sequence of depropaniser, debutanizer and deisobutanizer which
separated a system the includes ethane, propane, n–butane, i–butane and heavies (C5+) (Long and
Lee 2011). The demethanizer and deethanizer was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This arrangement reduced energy costs by 30.5%, which is a large jump from the previous sequence
but there are no logical explanations provides as to how they reached this particular arrangement.
The three columns were then integrated into a single Agrawal column (figure 20) with a pressure of
14 bar, but this resulted in the required energy increasing by 13.5% from the conventional sequence
showing the unsuitability of integrating the three columns into one (Long and Lee 2011).
1.5.1.2– Second case study
In a second study conducted by Long and Lee (2012), they aimed at optimising and integrating a
deethanizer and depropaniser, which operate at 30.98 and 17.5 bar respectively. The inspiration of
this particular study came from a patented document conducted in 1996 that presented
improvements in demethanizing and deethanizing stages of Liquefied Natural Gas separation
(Manley 1997). This can be challenging as a balance between a high and low pressure must be
found when integrating the two columns into a single dividing wall column. A high pressure will
increase the temperature of the top stream and lower refrigerant cost but column and equipment wall
thickness will have to be significantly increased. So a balance between the operating and capital cost
must be found with the selection of operating pressure. However Long and Lee (2012) opted to go
with a low pressure of 17.5bar to minimise capital costs and reboiler duties resulting in a 31.74%
decrease in operating

Gas Transportation Methods Of Natural Gas
GAS TRANSPORTATION METHODS
Natural gas is a clean and environmental friendly energy source which is estimated to constitute a
major part of world energy consumption in the coming years. Usage of natural gas is increasing due
to its relatively cheaper costs than diesel or gasoline. Transportation and Storage falls under the final
stage of Oil and Gas processing where it gets transported to the end user for further use in industry,
plant or any other facility. Transportation of natural gas remains as a challenge due to its isolated
reserves throughout the world. Natural gas has more problems in transportation and storage when
compared to other forms of energy such as petroleum, coal etc. The main reason is due to the energy
density of natural gas which is low at ambient temperatures and pressures (Kidnay et al. 2011). So in
order to transport the gas by pipeline, its energy density has to be increased using high pressures.
Another problem of Natural gas due to its low energy density, lies in its storage. Natural gas is
highly volatile and sophisticated storage facilities are to be provided to prevent any hazards.
Therefore natural gas has to be transported continuously to the end user avoiding reasons for
storage. When there is less demand for its usage, natural gas has to be converted to Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) and then stored.
Otherwise transportation of natural gas is carried out in different ways such as:
1. Pipelines
2. Compressed Natural gas (CNG)
3. Liquefied

The Future of Liquefied Natural Gas
The production of natural gas has increased over the past decade along with its consumption.
However, some of the top consumers consist of countries such as Japan and South Korea, where
natural gas is not produced at a sufficient amount domestically. As a result, the need for liquefied
natural gas, also known as LNG, has increased. This need for LNG comes from the concept of
condensing natural gas to its liquid state so that its volume is reduced to 1/600th of its original
volume, making it easier to transport (Source, 2–––). Plus, the demand for natural gas in countries
such as Japan and South Korea is starting to increase the need for LNG since most natural gas
producing nations are too far for pipelines. Therefore, LNG is becoming a viable option for the
transportation of natural gas. In this paper, the creation of LNG will be discussed to show how LNG
is becoming a major factor in the energy industry and the global economy.
In the creation of LNG, many technological advances to the conversion process from gas to liquid
have been essential to its increasing popularity in natural gas exchanging nations. The primary idea
behind the creation of LNG is condensing natural gas after it has been removed from a deep
subsurface reservoir. This condensing process requires an LNG plant. While there is not a standard
for the components of LNG plants, there are some major elements that most of the plants contain.
These elements consist of 5 different sections as shown below.
Gas

Subsidy And Tax Should Be Used For Schools And Providing...
Word counts (excluding figures and references): 1,356
Topic: Subsidy and Tax
Chosen news/article: Government targets 1 crore consumers to give up LPG subsidy PTI Mar 29,
2015, 02.47PM IST, The Economic Times
1. Summary
Under the scheme, LPG cylinders are sold at market rates across the country. Consumers get Rs 558
in their bank accounts so that they can buy LPG at the market rate of Rs 605 per 14.2–kg cylinder.
There is a strand of thought that in India the incomes of most consumers remain far below the global
average, and, therefore, it is the government's responsibility to pay for those who cannot afford.
Government expects that about one crore well off consumers will surrender the subsidy on cooking
gas after Prime Minister Narendra Modi 's appeal to people not to take subsidy if they can afford to
buy LPG at market price.
"This money can be used for schools and providing medical facilities. I appeal to people who can
afford LPG cylinders at market price, please do not take subsidised LPG," the Indian Prime Minister
said. 2. Background:
In fiscal year 2014–15 (to date) there have been no significant increases in the retail price of
subsidized LPG. On10th November 2014 it was reported that the per–cylinder subsidy would be
fixed at Rs 568 from March 2015 – an amount Rs 163.36 above the average per cylinder under–
recovery recorded in early October 2014.
Though the government has started DBT for LPG subsidy, the document pointed that the bottom 50

Ethics : Ethics And Ethics
INTRODUCTION
What Is 'Ethics'? Ethics is the concern that humans have always had for figuring out how best to live
(Shannon Vallor, 2011). The philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying in 399 B.C., "the most
important thing is not life, but the good life (Aristotle, 2011). It was defined generally as a system of
moral principles, by which human actions are judged right or wrong. the rules of conduct recognized
in respect of a society of human actions (Debridge, 2000). The study of ethics can be found in many
various places in our daily life. This report focuses on Engineering Ethics and summarizes an
incident where some Canons of Engineering Ethics were neglected which lead to a fatal accident.
What Is Engineering Ethics? According to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This fuel came in the form of liquid gas as it was determined earlier that more gas could be stored if
it was liquefied. At No. 2 works (the gas plant yard), there were four tanks – three globular and one
cylindrical which all held millions of gallons of liquid natural gas. These were all tanks located on
the ground surface. (Digital, 2004)
Stakeholders
The stakeholders involved in this incident are the East Ohio Gas Company, the gas company in
question; the affected Cleveland residents and the Pittsburgh–Des Moines Company, the tank
designers.
Causes
Even though the real cause of the explosion was never ascertained, the stories vary. The last tank
was designed to have a cylindrical shape believed to hold more natural gas, while the others were
spherical. This was based on advice from Pittsburgh– Des Moines Company. (McElroy, 2012).
Eventually, some people saw vapor leaking from one of the gas tanks in No.2 works. This escaped
gas mixed with the oxygen in the surroundings and became combustible. A spark is believed to have
ignited the gaseous mixture and caused the fatal explosion which eventually set off another
explosion. Others believe that the shortage of materials due to the ongoing World War 2 might have
led to different materials such as alloys used to construct the cylindrical tank. It was suggested that
the quality of materials used for the construction

Hydrogen And Its Effects On The Environment Essay
Data from U.S. Department of Energy shows that the United State people consumes a huge amount
of petroleum and import more petroleum from other countries. The usage of fossil fuel is releasing a
huge amount of carbon dioxide into the environment, and with the huge amount of consumption
there will be a huge amount of carbon dioxide released into the environment. Also, most of the
petroleum is located in countries that have political tension, which can affect the supply of
petroleum. To avoid this problem, we might consider different kinds of alternative fuels that can be
used for vehicles. Hydrogen is considered to be one of the most promising ones because hydrogen it
can provide an unlimited amount of resources, while petroleum had a limited amount of
consumption. There are other kinds of alternative fuels such as Ethanol, Propane, Natural Gas,
Biodiesel, and Electricity. However, using hydrogen is one of the best option we do not have to
worry about fuel shortage or polluting the environment. This is because hydrogen can be obtained
from organic compounds. Organic compounds make up most of the gasoline, natural gas, and
propane. We can obtain hydrogens by separating hydrogen and carbon, which has to go through the
process of heating or reforming. Another way to obtain hydrogen is through electrolysis which
requires an electrical current to separate water into oxygen and hydrogen molecules. One of the
problems is that the currently require a lot of money and effort

Lm of Finance
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The misc shipping line is a large company. Company is preferred provider maritime transportation
and logistics services. It made in 1968 to become integrated maritime, offshore floating solution,
heavy engineering and logistics service provider. This made misc become a subsidiary of
PETRONAS in 1988, a move that produced synergistic benefits especially in the field of oil and gas
transportation. Misc also is the world leading LNG owner operator with over two decades of proven
experience for safely, reliability. They are forging partnerships in technologies advancement to offer
LNG technology solution and new offshore applications.
The company misc is a currently third largest shipping conglomerate in the world by market ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.1.5 Integrated logistics Business MISC Integrated Logistics Sdn Bhd (MILS) integrates logistics
services, which include Freight Management, Transportation, Warehousing, Project Logistics,
Supply Chain Management and other value–added activities to meet the local, regional and global
customers' demand. They have invested in a 39–acre world–class logistics facility in Pulau Indah,
Selangor that delivers a comprehensive range of logistics solutions outside the port boundary for
Free Commercial Zone, equipped with a state–of–the–art dry and cold storage facility. The hub aims
to facilitate the global supply chain through regional consolidation and distribution concept. MILS
Logistics Hub (MLH) was awarded the first Halal Logistics Facility in Malaysia in March 2009 by
the Halal Development Corporation (HDC).
1.1.6 Marine and Heavy Engineering The Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering Sdn Bhd
(MMHE), provides a wide spectrum of oil and gas production facilities and services in marine
repair, marine conversion and engineering & construction.
1.1.7 Maritime Education
Akademi Laut Malaysia(ALAM) is the nerve centre and they also premier training institution for an
exciting and explorative maritime career. ALAM has trained thousands of Malaysians, through a
structured training and education system unique to the Academy in over 30 years. ALAM have good

Alternative Fuels: Cars Can Exhale Water.
Today cars burn off gasoline (or diesel) that gives off harmful chemicals, but tomorrow vehicles
may be running off of alternative resources. Scientist and engineers across the globe are furthering
studies to make alternative fuels a thing of tomorrow. Some such alternative fuels include biodiesel,
electricity, ethanol, hydrogen, propane, and natural gas. All of which have some promising pros. Not
only are those chemicals emitted buy vehicles harmful to humans, but they are also hurting the
environment. Gasoline is nonrenewable resource. Nonrenewable meaning once it is gone there is no
more. First off, what makes gasoline nonrenewable is how is made. Gasoline comes from crude oil,
which in turn comes from oil reservoirs. Oil reservoirs are located across the world. Most of the
time the oil is extracted from these reservoirs from drilling, which can be offshore or inland.
Where does most of the oil pollution in the oceans come from? Most would answer from oil
spillages such as the most recent BP's but actually it happens naturally. Crude oil reservoirs natural
seep oil into the ocean. This oil, naturally emitted, hurts wildlife such as fish and birds, and not to
mention, marsh grass and other plants. When oil gets onto a bird it makes its feathers stick to itself
and causes this bird to not be able to fly, which in turn it is not able to retrieve its own food, which
will lead to its death. Just another reason gasoline is bad.
Also when gasoline is burned it releases

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