SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 27
Download to read offline
Green Chemistry - Economical View
To understand the economics of green chemistry and green engineering, it is first
necessary to understand basic economic theory as it applies to chemical
manufacturing.
Traditionally, chemists at the bench scale develop viable product pathways to
meet scientific and corporate demands while engineers design optimized
processes to implement these pathways using production costs as the primary
design criterion.
This approach to product design is limited because it treats chemical
manufacturing as an isolated action and neglects the multiple levels of economic
influence that can impact a chemical product.
In actuality, economic theory can be applied with increasing complexity to three
levels of scale:
(1) microscale or plant scale,
(2) corporate scale,
(3) macroscale or economy scale.
Each level is now briefly defined only as a means to provide a context for
understanding the economic influence of green principles
Introduction
What is a Green Economy?
Increasing
 Increase in green
investment
 Quantity & quality of
jobs in green sectors
 Share of green sectors
in GDP
 Social inclusion
Decreasing
• Energy/resource use per
unit of production
• CO2 and pollution
level/GDP
• Wasteful consumption
• Poverty
WHAT IS GREEN ECONOMY?
Novel concepts have also been introduced to the current and next generation of
research and researchers that includes the interaction of chemistry with the
environment, the development and application of sustainability indicators and
metrics and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies for assessing the current
and potential states of sustainability for a system (e.g., a process, reaction, or
supply chain), and the use of renewable materials as feedstocks for sustainable
materials management. Additionally, for readers who are chemists, they have been
introduced to chemical engineering concepts such as reactor design and kinetics,
reactor and process engineering, thermodynamics, separations, and energy and
heat transfer. These are concepts chemists now need to consider and integrate into
their research during the chemical synthesis design phase. What is being
developed, up to this point, is the demonstrated need for research to no longer be
focused on one stage of the process or be constrained to a closed system, but the
need for research and researchers to think holistically about the challenge they are
solving, or the new technology they are developing. This introduces and
demonstrates the economic and, in turn, the correlated societal and environmental
benefits that are gained when the principles of green chemistry and green
engineering are introduced into a technology
Why a Green Economy?
 It was born out of multiple crises and
accelerating resource scarcity.
 A Green Economy is the economic
vehicle for sustainable development.
 A Green Economy has strategies to
end the persistence of poverty.
 It is a new economic paradigm that can
drive growth of income and jobs,
without creating environmental risk.
This statistic displays the market size of the green chemistry industry worldwide
in 2015, with forecasted figures for 2016 to 2020.
The global renewable chemicals market size in 2015 was some 51.7 billion U.S.
dollars, and it is forecasted that by 2020 it will be some 85.6 billion U.S. dollars.
Forecasted market size of the green chemistry industry worldwide from 2015 to
2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Market size (in $ bn.)
2015 51.72016*
2016 57.22017*
2017 63.22018*
2018 69.92019*
2019 77.42020
2020 85.60000
Where we are currently with respect to green economy
51.72016
57.22017
63.22018
69.92019
77.4202
85.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Global Trends:
Growth in economy, energy and emissions
Green Industry Policy and Pilot Implementation
 Completed
Green Growth Policy Advice
for Manufacturing in India - GGGI
Gujarat, Orissa, Tamil Nadu &
Himachal Pradesh
Green Industry for Low Carbon
Growth in South East Asia – Japan
Cambodia, Lao & Myanmar
Policy Advice for Environmental
Management in Viet Nam – Phase I
Green Industry Policy Framework
Pilot I: EAF Steel Industry
Pilot II: Eco-Town Development
in Hoi An City
Pilot III: Zero Waste Systems
for Crafts Villages
Low Carbon Development in
Africa – Japan
Egypt, Kenya, Senegal &
South Africa
 Under Implementation
Policy Advice for Environmental
Management in Viet Nam – Phase II
Replication
Scale-up
8
The Green Industry Initiative
 Greening of Industries
 Resource Efficient and
Cleaner Production
 Transfer of
Environmentally Sound
Technologies
 Execution of Stockholm
Convention on Persistent
Organic Pollutants
(POPs)
 Mercury Programme
 Creating New Green
Industries
 New Business Models –
Chemical Leasing
 Reduce, Reuse and
Recycle (3R) Industries
 Eco-Industrial Parks
 Renewable and Energy-
Efficient Technologies
9
China - investing US$ 468 billion in greening
key sectors by 2015; >double past five years.
Barbados - National Strategic Plan includes
green economy as one of its six goals by 2025.
South Africa - launched a process to develop a
national Green Economy Plan.
Indonesia - national development plan has a
goal of a “green and everlasting Indonesia” by
2025.
Brazil – State of Sao Paulo developed a green
economy plan with targets and indicators.
Green Economy in Action
Impact
Although the principles of green chemistry and green engineering have been established for well over a
decade, only recently have companies begun large-scale implementation and use of these concepts for
industrial applications, often with emphasis on developing renewable feedstocks for chemical processes.
The slow growth in the application of the green principles can be attributed to their misguided worth
within the business model. Green principles are most often associated with “environmentally friendly”
products.
Thus, the only perceived benefits for the company are the environmental outcomes of the manufacturing
processes or products themselves. If consumers can be swayed to use these products based on the
“ecofriendly” label, then a company will likely incorporate green principles into its strategy to increase
market share.
However, this business view of green principles is naive and excludes many of the fundamental economic
benefits that are offered from their use.
At the microscale, each of the 12 green chemistry principles can be related to a number of the economic
factors. In all, 10 of the 12 principles can impact safety and insurance costs, 9 principles can impact waste
disposal costs, 7 principles can impact material costs, 6 principles can impact equipment costs, 4
principles can impact utility costs, and 4 principles can impact land use costs. At the corporate scale, all
12 principles will impact R&D costs, 11 of the 12 principles can impact product image costs, and 3
principles can impact logistics costs.
At the macroscale, all 12 principles can impact global supply chain costs while 9 principles can impact
government policy costs. More important than the numbers are how and why the principles will impact
these costs.
BAU vs. a Green Scenario
Green Scenario
2 % of GDP or 1.3
trillion USD per year
invested in greening
10 key sectors from
2010-2050.
Policies adopted to
help reduce harmful
CO2 emissions and
subsidies, and
incentives created to
increase
investments, i.e., in
natural capital and
energy efficiency.
Business as Usual
Current trends assumed
to continue with 2% of
GDP per year allocated
in a BAU across 10 key
sectors from 2010-2050.
Policies continue to
support investment in
non-green infrastructure,
harmful fossil fuel and
fishing subsidies, etc.
GDPgrowth(%)
Green Economy : over time, achieves
higher rates of GDP growth …
Green Economy : reduces
ecological scarcities…
Resource Efficiency: Savings Opportunities
 US$ 2.9 trillion savings in 2030 from capturing the resource productivity potential
 Rising to US$ 3.7 trillion if carbon is priced at $30 per tonne, subsidies on water,
energy, and agriculture are eliminated, and energy taxes are removed
 15 opportunities can deliver about 75% of total resource productivity benefits, for
example:
Source: McKinsey (2011)
Reducing food waste
• Reducing municipal water leakage
• Higher energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry
• Increasing transport fuel efficiency
• Improving end-use steel efficiency
• Improving power plant efficiency
A green economy is not business as usual
By 2030 and beyond…
 Global energy demand up by 45%
 Oil price up to USD 180 per barrel
 GHG emissions up 45%
 Global average temperature up 6°C in the next century
 Sustained losses equivalent to 5-10% of global GDP as
compared to the 3% of GDP loss from the current
financial crisis
 Poor countries will suffer costs in excess of 10% of their
GDP
Basic framework for monitoring the transition
1. Green Investments, Jobs
and Sectors
• Investment (monetary)
• Employment (jobs)
• Output (monetary)
Key Sectors
Agriculture
Buildings
Cities
Energy
Forests
Fisheries
Manufacturing
Tourism
Transport
Waste
Water
2. Decoupling Impacts &
Resource Productivity
GDP per unit…
• GHG emissions
• Energy use
• Water use
• Material use
• Waste generation
Economy-
wide
Selected key
sectors
3. Aggregate indicators of
progress and well-being
e.g. Adjusted net savings, expanded
wealth estimates, indices of
well-being, poverty reduction,
Genuine Progress Indicator, etc.
THE GREEN INDUSTRY INITIATIVE
Greening of Industries
Helping enterprises improve resource
productivity and environmental performance
Creating New Green Industries
Establishing new operations delivering
environmental goods and services
 Efficient use of materials, energy and
water
 Reduction of wastes and emissions
 Safe and responsible management of
chemicals, renewable raw materials
 Phasing out toxic substances
 Substituting fossil fuels with renewable
energy sources
 Using recycled raw-materials
 Product and process redesign, Green
Chemistry
 Reduce, reuse and recycle (3R)
industries
 Pollution control technology and
equipment
 Renewable and energy-efficient
technologies
 Re-engineering of production
processes and redesign of products
 Waste management and resource
recovery
 Environmental advisory and analytical
services
Financing the Green Economy
• Investments in the range of $1.3 trillion /year
(less than 10% of gross capital formation)
• Investment in green sectors is growing :
• Renewable energy of $211 bn + in 2010, up from $160 in 2009
and $33 in 2004.
• Policy & Subsidy Reform, Public investment, & Green Public
Procurement can leverage private capital effectively
• Need for innovative financing routes…
• Development Financing Institutions – local & global
• Seeding with Public Finance
• Green Climate Fund
• Resource Taxation & other Eco-Taxes
Emerging Economies Leading Transition
• Countries are developing Green Economy strategies and
activities to spur greater economic growth and jobs,
environmental protection and equality.
• Emerging economies are playing a driving role -- Indonesia, the
Republic of Korea and South Africa, already have national Green
Economy plans.
• Initiatives cover energy-related measures but also decoupling
materials use and waste generation:
o The Republic of Korea’s policy of Extended Producer Responsibility
has triggered 14% increase in materials recycling rates, providing
an economic benefit of $1.6 billion
o Brazil’s recycling already generates returns of $2 billion a year,
while avoiding 10 million tones of greenhouse gas emissions; a fully
recycling economy there would be worth 0.3 per cent of GDP.
Case Study: China’s 12 Five Year Plan
China is the world’s lead investor in renewable energy, overtaking Spain in 2009 and
spending US$ 49 billion in 2010.
Overall, China is committed to spending US$ 468 billion over the next five years, more
than double the previous five years, on key industries, including renewable energy,
clean technologies and waste management
Objectives of 5 year plan include (among others):
 Reduce water consumption of unit of industrial added value by 30%
 Increase agricultural water irrigation efficiency by 53%
 Increase percentage of non-fossil fuel among primary energy consumption
by 11.4%
 Reduce energy consumption per unit GDP by 16%
 Reduce CO2 emission per unit GDP by 17%
 Increase forest coverage by 21%.
Identified barriers to renewable energy
deployment
- Absence of national strategy & policy
- Lack of political & regulatory support
- Existing policies not enforced
- Low energy prices & tariff changes
- Strong competition from conventional sources (subsidies)
- Lack of economic incentives
- Electric power grid access not guaranteed
- Political risk considerations
- Unfavorable project risk profile
- Inadequate returns for project finance
- Impact of global economic downturn
The Green Industry Challenge
GI Flagship:
Industrial view
V
.S
Savings from the Recycling Industry
*Source: BIR Study on the Environmental Benefits of Recycling (2009)
Conclusion
The focus of this Presentation has been to provide a better understanding of how
green chemistry and green engineering should be construed within the economic
structure of chemical manufacturing. The benefits of green technologies are only fully
realized by considering economic factors at the microscale, corporate scale, and
macroscale. This knowledge will help corporate decision makers embrace green
chemistry and green engineering during the product or process development phase
by transcending the misguided conventional belief that investment in environmental
technologies cannot support economic growth and profitability. The key challenge
facing deployment of green technologies is the risk of investment in R&D given the
changing societal preferences regarding sustainability. Given the holistic view that
must be adopted to best understand the benefits of green chemistry and green
engineering in achieving sustainability, chemical assessment must transition from
traditional cost–benefit larger sustainability assessments. Several methodologies and
subsequent software packages have been developed with the goal of guiding decision
makers through the process of multicriteria decision support. The successful
evaluation of these tools using real-world examples illustrates the value of green
chemistry and green engineering when pursuing sustainable development.
Thank you

More Related Content

What's hot

Green chemistry 1
Green chemistry 1Green chemistry 1
Green chemistry 1translateds
 
Green chemistry in pharmaceuticals
Green chemistry in pharmaceuticalsGreen chemistry in pharmaceuticals
Green chemistry in pharmaceuticalsKapish Kapoor
 
Green Chemistry
Green ChemistryGreen Chemistry
Green ChemistryIES Aramo
 
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go Green
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenGreen chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go Green
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenTariq Tauheed
 
Green Chemistry In Real World Practices Pharmaceutical Industry Experience
Green Chemistry In Real World Practices   Pharmaceutical Industry ExperienceGreen Chemistry In Real World Practices   Pharmaceutical Industry Experience
Green Chemistry In Real World Practices Pharmaceutical Industry ExperienceNewreka Green Synth Technologies
 
Green chemistry: Production of electricity from Ammonia
Green chemistry: Production of electricity from AmmoniaGreen chemistry: Production of electricity from Ammonia
Green chemistry: Production of electricity from AmmoniaArosek Padhi
 
Green chem original ppt
Green chem original pptGreen chem original ppt
Green chem original pptgodhabadhri
 

What's hot (20)

Intro to green chemistry
Intro to green chemistryIntro to green chemistry
Intro to green chemistry
 
Green Chemistry
Green ChemistryGreen Chemistry
Green Chemistry
 
Green chemistry
Green chemistryGreen chemistry
Green chemistry
 
Green chemistry
Green chemistryGreen chemistry
Green chemistry
 
Green chemistry 1
Green chemistry 1Green chemistry 1
Green chemistry 1
 
Green chemistry
Green chemistryGreen chemistry
Green chemistry
 
Green chemistry
Green chemistryGreen chemistry
Green chemistry
 
Green chemistry durga
Green chemistry durgaGreen chemistry durga
Green chemistry durga
 
Green chemistry in pharmaceuticals
Green chemistry in pharmaceuticalsGreen chemistry in pharmaceuticals
Green chemistry in pharmaceuticals
 
12 principles of Green chemistry
12 principles of Green chemistry12 principles of Green chemistry
12 principles of Green chemistry
 
Green Chemistry
Green ChemistryGreen Chemistry
Green Chemistry
 
Green chemistry ppt jon
Green chemistry ppt jonGreen chemistry ppt jon
Green chemistry ppt jon
 
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go Green
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenGreen chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go Green
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go Green
 
Green Chemistry In Real World Practices Pharmaceutical Industry Experience
Green Chemistry In Real World Practices   Pharmaceutical Industry ExperienceGreen Chemistry In Real World Practices   Pharmaceutical Industry Experience
Green Chemistry In Real World Practices Pharmaceutical Industry Experience
 
green chemistry
green chemistrygreen chemistry
green chemistry
 
Green chemistry: Production of electricity from Ammonia
Green chemistry: Production of electricity from AmmoniaGreen chemistry: Production of electricity from Ammonia
Green chemistry: Production of electricity from Ammonia
 
Green chem original ppt
Green chem original pptGreen chem original ppt
Green chem original ppt
 
Green chemistry nikhil
Green chemistry nikhilGreen chemistry nikhil
Green chemistry nikhil
 
Green chemistry
Green chemistryGreen chemistry
Green chemistry
 
Green chemistry
Green chemistryGreen chemistry
Green chemistry
 

Similar to Green Chemistry - Economical View

Green technology
Green technologyGreen technology
Green technologydomsr
 
Biotec n climate change
Biotec n climate changeBiotec n climate change
Biotec n climate changeGay Delgado
 
Green technology 06 42_50
Green technology 06 42_50Green technology 06 42_50
Green technology 06 42_50domsr
 
Sustainable Development in Petrochemical Industries
Sustainable Development in Petrochemical IndustriesSustainable Development in Petrochemical Industries
Sustainable Development in Petrochemical IndustriesMuhammad Amjad Maroof
 
Institutions and green economy
Institutions and green economyInstitutions and green economy
Institutions and green economynurlee93
 
9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative
9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative
9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiativeBaterdene Batchuluun
 
Gct roadmap
Gct roadmapGct roadmap
Gct roadmapauspin
 
3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf
3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf
3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdfOECDregions
 
When Old is Gold: Circular Economy in Africa
When Old is Gold: Circular Economy in AfricaWhen Old is Gold: Circular Economy in Africa
When Old is Gold: Circular Economy in AfricaSamar Al-Bagoury
 
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...Christo Ananth
 
Environmental Economics A Review
Environmental Economics A ReviewEnvironmental Economics A Review
Environmental Economics A Reviewijtsrd
 
Carbeion Background
Carbeion BackgroundCarbeion Background
Carbeion BackgroundCarbeion
 
Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...
Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...
Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...Brittany Pope
 
Sustainable Manufacturing A Primer
Sustainable Manufacturing A PrimerSustainable Manufacturing A Primer
Sustainable Manufacturing A Primerijtsrd
 

Similar to Green Chemistry - Economical View (20)

Green Growth Strategy: Overview – OECD
Green Growth Strategy: Overview – OECDGreen Growth Strategy: Overview – OECD
Green Growth Strategy: Overview – OECD
 
Green technology
Green technologyGreen technology
Green technology
 
Biotec n climate change
Biotec n climate changeBiotec n climate change
Biotec n climate change
 
Green technology 06 42_50
Green technology 06 42_50Green technology 06 42_50
Green technology 06 42_50
 
Green business investment_report
Green business investment_reportGreen business investment_report
Green business investment_report
 
planet-positive-chemicals.pdf
planet-positive-chemicals.pdfplanet-positive-chemicals.pdf
planet-positive-chemicals.pdf
 
Sustainable Development in Petrochemical Industries
Sustainable Development in Petrochemical IndustriesSustainable Development in Petrochemical Industries
Sustainable Development in Petrochemical Industries
 
Institutions and green economy
Institutions and green economyInstitutions and green economy
Institutions and green economy
 
9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative
9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative
9 1 sheng fulai-green economy initiative
 
Economics of waste
Economics of wasteEconomics of waste
Economics of waste
 
Gct roadmap
Gct roadmapGct roadmap
Gct roadmap
 
3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf
3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf
3 - Climate Action-Philip Grundmann.pdf
 
Green Energy Technology Pros And Cons
Green Energy Technology Pros And ConsGreen Energy Technology Pros And Cons
Green Energy Technology Pros And Cons
 
When Old is Gold: Circular Economy in Africa
When Old is Gold: Circular Economy in AfricaWhen Old is Gold: Circular Economy in Africa
When Old is Gold: Circular Economy in Africa
 
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Frontiers In Environmental, Green Economics a...
 
Environmental Economics A Review
Environmental Economics A ReviewEnvironmental Economics A Review
Environmental Economics A Review
 
Carbeion Background
Carbeion BackgroundCarbeion Background
Carbeion Background
 
Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...
Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...
Why British Columbia Should Continue Gradually Increase...
 
Sustainable Manufacturing A Primer
Sustainable Manufacturing A PrimerSustainable Manufacturing A Primer
Sustainable Manufacturing A Primer
 
Jx3617151720
Jx3617151720Jx3617151720
Jx3617151720
 

Recently uploaded

Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptxBuy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptxPrecize Formely Leadoff
 
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTES
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTESACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTES
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTESKumarJayaraman3
 
India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023
India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023
India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023SkillCircle
 
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Commonwealth
 
2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources PresentationAdnet Communications
 
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...Matthews Bantsijang
 
20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf
20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf
20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdfAdnet Communications
 
Solution manual for Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...
Solution manual for  Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...Solution manual for  Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...
Solution manual for Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...mwangimwangi222
 
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.KumarJayaraman3
 
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AIWhat Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI360factors
 
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?Stephen Perrenod
 
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...Antonis Zairis
 
Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707
Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707
Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707harshan90
 
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024Guillaume Ⓥ Sarlat
 
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.Arifa Saeed
 
Work and Pensions report into UK corporate DB funding
Work and Pensions report into UK corporate DB fundingWork and Pensions report into UK corporate DB funding
Work and Pensions report into UK corporate DB fundingHenry Tapper
 
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdfStock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdfMichael Silva
 
20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal. .pptx
20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal.    .pptx20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal.    .pptx
20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal. .pptxFinTech Belgium
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptxBuy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
Buy and Sell Urban Tots unlisted shares.pptx
 
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTES
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTESACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTES
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II BRANCH ACCOUNTS NOTES
 
India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023
India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023
India Economic Survey Complete for the year of 2022 to 2023
 
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
Monthly Market Risk Update: March 2024 [SlideShare]
 
2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation
2024.03 Strategic Resources Presentation
 
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
Remembering my Totem _Unity is Strength_ growing in Bophuthatswana_Matthews B...
 
20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf
20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf
20240314 Calibre March 2024 Investor Presentation (FINAL).pdf
 
Solution manual for Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...
Solution manual for  Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...Solution manual for  Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...
Solution manual for Intermediate Accounting, 11th Edition by David Spiceland...
 
Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024
Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024
Commercial Bank Economic Capsule - March 2024
 
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.
ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS.II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS.
 
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AIWhat Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
What Key Factors Should Risk Officers Consider When Using Generative AI
 
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
The Power Laws of Bitcoin: How can an S-curve be a power law?
 
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
The unequal battle of inflation and the appropriate sustainable solution | Eu...
 
Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707
Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707
Mphasis - Schwab Newsletter PDF - Sample 8707
 
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
Sarlat Advisory - Corporate Brochure - 2024
 
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
MARKET FAILURE SITUATION IN THE ECONOMY.
 
Work and Pensions report into UK corporate DB funding
Work and Pensions report into UK corporate DB fundingWork and Pensions report into UK corporate DB funding
Work and Pensions report into UK corporate DB funding
 
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdfStock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
Stock Market Brief Deck for March 26.pdf
 
Effects & Policies Of Bank Consolidation
Effects & Policies Of Bank ConsolidationEffects & Policies Of Bank Consolidation
Effects & Policies Of Bank Consolidation
 
20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal. .pptx
20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal.    .pptx20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal.    .pptx
20240315 _E-Invoicing Digiteal. .pptx
 

Green Chemistry - Economical View

  • 1. Green Chemistry - Economical View
  • 2. To understand the economics of green chemistry and green engineering, it is first necessary to understand basic economic theory as it applies to chemical manufacturing. Traditionally, chemists at the bench scale develop viable product pathways to meet scientific and corporate demands while engineers design optimized processes to implement these pathways using production costs as the primary design criterion. This approach to product design is limited because it treats chemical manufacturing as an isolated action and neglects the multiple levels of economic influence that can impact a chemical product. In actuality, economic theory can be applied with increasing complexity to three levels of scale: (1) microscale or plant scale, (2) corporate scale, (3) macroscale or economy scale. Each level is now briefly defined only as a means to provide a context for understanding the economic influence of green principles Introduction
  • 3. What is a Green Economy? Increasing  Increase in green investment  Quantity & quality of jobs in green sectors  Share of green sectors in GDP  Social inclusion Decreasing • Energy/resource use per unit of production • CO2 and pollution level/GDP • Wasteful consumption • Poverty
  • 4. WHAT IS GREEN ECONOMY? Novel concepts have also been introduced to the current and next generation of research and researchers that includes the interaction of chemistry with the environment, the development and application of sustainability indicators and metrics and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies for assessing the current and potential states of sustainability for a system (e.g., a process, reaction, or supply chain), and the use of renewable materials as feedstocks for sustainable materials management. Additionally, for readers who are chemists, they have been introduced to chemical engineering concepts such as reactor design and kinetics, reactor and process engineering, thermodynamics, separations, and energy and heat transfer. These are concepts chemists now need to consider and integrate into their research during the chemical synthesis design phase. What is being developed, up to this point, is the demonstrated need for research to no longer be focused on one stage of the process or be constrained to a closed system, but the need for research and researchers to think holistically about the challenge they are solving, or the new technology they are developing. This introduces and demonstrates the economic and, in turn, the correlated societal and environmental benefits that are gained when the principles of green chemistry and green engineering are introduced into a technology
  • 5. Why a Green Economy?  It was born out of multiple crises and accelerating resource scarcity.  A Green Economy is the economic vehicle for sustainable development.  A Green Economy has strategies to end the persistence of poverty.  It is a new economic paradigm that can drive growth of income and jobs, without creating environmental risk.
  • 6. This statistic displays the market size of the green chemistry industry worldwide in 2015, with forecasted figures for 2016 to 2020. The global renewable chemicals market size in 2015 was some 51.7 billion U.S. dollars, and it is forecasted that by 2020 it will be some 85.6 billion U.S. dollars. Forecasted market size of the green chemistry industry worldwide from 2015 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars) Market size (in $ bn.) 2015 51.72016* 2016 57.22017* 2017 63.22018* 2018 69.92019* 2019 77.42020 2020 85.60000 Where we are currently with respect to green economy 51.72016 57.22017 63.22018 69.92019 77.4202 85.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
  • 7. Global Trends: Growth in economy, energy and emissions
  • 8. Green Industry Policy and Pilot Implementation  Completed Green Growth Policy Advice for Manufacturing in India - GGGI Gujarat, Orissa, Tamil Nadu & Himachal Pradesh Green Industry for Low Carbon Growth in South East Asia – Japan Cambodia, Lao & Myanmar Policy Advice for Environmental Management in Viet Nam – Phase I Green Industry Policy Framework Pilot I: EAF Steel Industry Pilot II: Eco-Town Development in Hoi An City Pilot III: Zero Waste Systems for Crafts Villages Low Carbon Development in Africa – Japan Egypt, Kenya, Senegal & South Africa  Under Implementation Policy Advice for Environmental Management in Viet Nam – Phase II Replication Scale-up 8
  • 9. The Green Industry Initiative  Greening of Industries  Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production  Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technologies  Execution of Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)  Mercury Programme  Creating New Green Industries  New Business Models – Chemical Leasing  Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3R) Industries  Eco-Industrial Parks  Renewable and Energy- Efficient Technologies 9
  • 10. China - investing US$ 468 billion in greening key sectors by 2015; >double past five years. Barbados - National Strategic Plan includes green economy as one of its six goals by 2025. South Africa - launched a process to develop a national Green Economy Plan. Indonesia - national development plan has a goal of a “green and everlasting Indonesia” by 2025. Brazil – State of Sao Paulo developed a green economy plan with targets and indicators. Green Economy in Action
  • 11. Impact Although the principles of green chemistry and green engineering have been established for well over a decade, only recently have companies begun large-scale implementation and use of these concepts for industrial applications, often with emphasis on developing renewable feedstocks for chemical processes. The slow growth in the application of the green principles can be attributed to their misguided worth within the business model. Green principles are most often associated with “environmentally friendly” products. Thus, the only perceived benefits for the company are the environmental outcomes of the manufacturing processes or products themselves. If consumers can be swayed to use these products based on the “ecofriendly” label, then a company will likely incorporate green principles into its strategy to increase market share. However, this business view of green principles is naive and excludes many of the fundamental economic benefits that are offered from their use. At the microscale, each of the 12 green chemistry principles can be related to a number of the economic factors. In all, 10 of the 12 principles can impact safety and insurance costs, 9 principles can impact waste disposal costs, 7 principles can impact material costs, 6 principles can impact equipment costs, 4 principles can impact utility costs, and 4 principles can impact land use costs. At the corporate scale, all 12 principles will impact R&D costs, 11 of the 12 principles can impact product image costs, and 3 principles can impact logistics costs. At the macroscale, all 12 principles can impact global supply chain costs while 9 principles can impact government policy costs. More important than the numbers are how and why the principles will impact these costs.
  • 12. BAU vs. a Green Scenario Green Scenario 2 % of GDP or 1.3 trillion USD per year invested in greening 10 key sectors from 2010-2050. Policies adopted to help reduce harmful CO2 emissions and subsidies, and incentives created to increase investments, i.e., in natural capital and energy efficiency. Business as Usual Current trends assumed to continue with 2% of GDP per year allocated in a BAU across 10 key sectors from 2010-2050. Policies continue to support investment in non-green infrastructure, harmful fossil fuel and fishing subsidies, etc.
  • 13. GDPgrowth(%) Green Economy : over time, achieves higher rates of GDP growth …
  • 14. Green Economy : reduces ecological scarcities…
  • 15. Resource Efficiency: Savings Opportunities  US$ 2.9 trillion savings in 2030 from capturing the resource productivity potential  Rising to US$ 3.7 trillion if carbon is priced at $30 per tonne, subsidies on water, energy, and agriculture are eliminated, and energy taxes are removed  15 opportunities can deliver about 75% of total resource productivity benefits, for example: Source: McKinsey (2011) Reducing food waste • Reducing municipal water leakage • Higher energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry • Increasing transport fuel efficiency • Improving end-use steel efficiency • Improving power plant efficiency
  • 16. A green economy is not business as usual By 2030 and beyond…  Global energy demand up by 45%  Oil price up to USD 180 per barrel  GHG emissions up 45%  Global average temperature up 6°C in the next century  Sustained losses equivalent to 5-10% of global GDP as compared to the 3% of GDP loss from the current financial crisis  Poor countries will suffer costs in excess of 10% of their GDP
  • 17. Basic framework for monitoring the transition 1. Green Investments, Jobs and Sectors • Investment (monetary) • Employment (jobs) • Output (monetary) Key Sectors Agriculture Buildings Cities Energy Forests Fisheries Manufacturing Tourism Transport Waste Water 2. Decoupling Impacts & Resource Productivity GDP per unit… • GHG emissions • Energy use • Water use • Material use • Waste generation Economy- wide Selected key sectors 3. Aggregate indicators of progress and well-being e.g. Adjusted net savings, expanded wealth estimates, indices of well-being, poverty reduction, Genuine Progress Indicator, etc.
  • 18. THE GREEN INDUSTRY INITIATIVE Greening of Industries Helping enterprises improve resource productivity and environmental performance Creating New Green Industries Establishing new operations delivering environmental goods and services  Efficient use of materials, energy and water  Reduction of wastes and emissions  Safe and responsible management of chemicals, renewable raw materials  Phasing out toxic substances  Substituting fossil fuels with renewable energy sources  Using recycled raw-materials  Product and process redesign, Green Chemistry  Reduce, reuse and recycle (3R) industries  Pollution control technology and equipment  Renewable and energy-efficient technologies  Re-engineering of production processes and redesign of products  Waste management and resource recovery  Environmental advisory and analytical services
  • 19. Financing the Green Economy • Investments in the range of $1.3 trillion /year (less than 10% of gross capital formation) • Investment in green sectors is growing : • Renewable energy of $211 bn + in 2010, up from $160 in 2009 and $33 in 2004. • Policy & Subsidy Reform, Public investment, & Green Public Procurement can leverage private capital effectively • Need for innovative financing routes… • Development Financing Institutions – local & global • Seeding with Public Finance • Green Climate Fund • Resource Taxation & other Eco-Taxes
  • 20. Emerging Economies Leading Transition • Countries are developing Green Economy strategies and activities to spur greater economic growth and jobs, environmental protection and equality. • Emerging economies are playing a driving role -- Indonesia, the Republic of Korea and South Africa, already have national Green Economy plans. • Initiatives cover energy-related measures but also decoupling materials use and waste generation: o The Republic of Korea’s policy of Extended Producer Responsibility has triggered 14% increase in materials recycling rates, providing an economic benefit of $1.6 billion o Brazil’s recycling already generates returns of $2 billion a year, while avoiding 10 million tones of greenhouse gas emissions; a fully recycling economy there would be worth 0.3 per cent of GDP.
  • 21. Case Study: China’s 12 Five Year Plan China is the world’s lead investor in renewable energy, overtaking Spain in 2009 and spending US$ 49 billion in 2010. Overall, China is committed to spending US$ 468 billion over the next five years, more than double the previous five years, on key industries, including renewable energy, clean technologies and waste management Objectives of 5 year plan include (among others):  Reduce water consumption of unit of industrial added value by 30%  Increase agricultural water irrigation efficiency by 53%  Increase percentage of non-fossil fuel among primary energy consumption by 11.4%  Reduce energy consumption per unit GDP by 16%  Reduce CO2 emission per unit GDP by 17%  Increase forest coverage by 21%.
  • 22. Identified barriers to renewable energy deployment - Absence of national strategy & policy - Lack of political & regulatory support - Existing policies not enforced - Low energy prices & tariff changes - Strong competition from conventional sources (subsidies) - Lack of economic incentives - Electric power grid access not guaranteed - Political risk considerations - Unfavorable project risk profile - Inadequate returns for project finance - Impact of global economic downturn
  • 23. The Green Industry Challenge
  • 25. Savings from the Recycling Industry *Source: BIR Study on the Environmental Benefits of Recycling (2009)
  • 26. Conclusion The focus of this Presentation has been to provide a better understanding of how green chemistry and green engineering should be construed within the economic structure of chemical manufacturing. The benefits of green technologies are only fully realized by considering economic factors at the microscale, corporate scale, and macroscale. This knowledge will help corporate decision makers embrace green chemistry and green engineering during the product or process development phase by transcending the misguided conventional belief that investment in environmental technologies cannot support economic growth and profitability. The key challenge facing deployment of green technologies is the risk of investment in R&D given the changing societal preferences regarding sustainability. Given the holistic view that must be adopted to best understand the benefits of green chemistry and green engineering in achieving sustainability, chemical assessment must transition from traditional cost–benefit larger sustainability assessments. Several methodologies and subsequent software packages have been developed with the goal of guiding decision makers through the process of multicriteria decision support. The successful evaluation of these tools using real-world examples illustrates the value of green chemistry and green engineering when pursuing sustainable development.

Editor's Notes

  1. Microscale : behavior in Individual Plant & RnDs of Chemical MNCs Corporate Scale : trend in aforementioned of a single Chemical MNCs Macroscale : trend of all the chemical MNCs and industries as whole
  2. A Green Economy can be defined as one that results in improved well-being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. There is no one approach to a green economy. A green economy does not favour one political perspective over another; it is relevant to all economies. However, for UNEP’s purposes, it defines a green economy as one that results in human well-being and social equity, while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities. Characterized by substantially increased investments in economic sectors that build on and enhance the earth’s natural capital or reduce ecological scarcities and environmental risks. Sectors include renewable energy, low-carbon transport, energy-efficient buildings, clean technologies, improved waste management, improved freshwater provision, sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
  3. The concept of a green economy does not replace sustainable development, but nearly 20 years after the first Earth Summit in Rio, there is a growing recognition that in order to achieve sustainable development, we must get the economy right. Several concurrent crises have sprung up or accelerated during the last decade: crises in climate, biodiversity, food, fuel and water, and more recently, the financial crisis. Although these crises vary, they all share a common feature, the gross misallocation of capital. Existing policies and market incentives have contributed to the problem. Therefore, we know in order to achieve sustainable development, we are going to need a new economic paradigm. Find 2-3 lines on the Rio Summit
  4. Energy consumption has generally grown more slowly than economic activity as energy efficiency has improved and economies have shifted to less energy-intensive industries and services. Electricity use has outpaced GDP growth, particularly in developing countries, as access to electricity and the use of appliances have grown with rising living standards. Energy efficiency combined with increased use of natural gas — and to a lesser extent nuclear and renewable energy — have helped keep the growth in CO2 emissions slightly lower than the growth in energy consumption. Globally, per capita CO2 emissions remained roughly constant, as emissions grew at about the same rate as population. Since the early 1970s, particularly in developed countries, major investments in technologies to control SO2 emissions, combined with greater use of low-sulphur fuels, have contributed to reducing SO2 emissions.
  5. (The financial and global crisis has pushed millions of people into poverty, especially the most vulnerable in the developing world. This is happening amidst the ongoing food, water, energy, ecosystem and climate crisis. Together, these crises are undermining the efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and setting back development progress of the past few decades. Policy responses to the crisis need to address imbalances that characterized earlier growth strategies with their focus on investing in output expansion to the neglect of building up natural, human and social capital. In the search for new investment programmes to both kick-start growth in the short term and support inclusive sustainable development in the long term, climate-and environment friendly economic policies and approaches can be a major tool in their recovery toolkit. ) The Green Economy Initiative (GEI) responds to the development challenges and imbalances in growth strategies that underlie the global financial and economic crisis by motivating policymakers in all countries to give green investments sufficient space in their counter-cyclical policies and thus reduce the threat of further food, water, energy, ecosystem and climate crises, which have disproportionate impacts on the poor. The Initiative aims to demonstrate that investing in green sectors – such as energy efficient technologies, renewable energy, public transport, sustainable agriculture, environment friendly tourism, and sustainable management of natural resources including ecosystems and biodiversity – has a better chance to bring about recovery and sustainable growth, increase competitiveness, save and create jobs, improve the quality and decency of jobs, and reduce poverty, while tackling acute environmental problems. It also aims to identify the policy and institutional framework that is needed to support rather than undermine such investments and the greening of economic growth in all countries, taking into account national and regional conditions, special characteristics, capacities and needs.
  6. Countries throughout the world are actively promoting a transition to a green economy Sweden is set to become the world's first fossil-fuel free nation. Fossil Free Sweden was created by the Swedish government ahead of the COP21 climate change conference, in Paris in 2015.4 In 2016, Sweden earmarked US$ 3.5 mn to spend on renewable energy R&D in India. Sweden passed a new Climate Act (2017) that legally binds it to reach zero emissions by 2045. Sweden aims to have no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. By 2030, 70% of the emissions from transport are forecasted to be diminished. South Africa will implement nationally appropriate mitigation actions that will result in the reduction of emissions by 34% relative to our Business as Usual trajectory by 2020 and by 42% in 2025. The extent to which this commitment is achieved depends on the provision of finance, technology and capacity building support by developed countries and through the UN climate change regime. South Africa’s Long Term Mitigation Scenarios (LTMS) have allowed for the development of a national climate policy based on what is required by science to limit temperature increase to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels As a result of these strategies, South Africa’s emissions will grow at a reduced rate in the short term, plateau by 2030, and decline thereafter. In support of the Government’s strategies, the CTF co-financed IP will focus on scaling up: grid-connected solar thermal power utility-scale wind power development solar water heaters and demand-side energy efficiency. <http://www.enviropaedia.com/topic/default.php?topic_id=342#targetText=Key%20Sectors%20expected%20to%20Drive%20SA's%20Green%20Economy&targetText=greener%20transport%20including%20electric%20vehicles,efficiency%20including%20demand%2Dside%20management>
  7. The report uses a macroeconomic model to compare a 2% of global GDP investment under a BAU scenario to 2% of global GDP under a GE scenario, applying it to “green” 10 key sectors. The report measures the results not only in terms of GDP, but also the impacts on employment, resource intensity, emissions and ecological impact. We estimated that the annual financing demand to green the global economy was in the range of US 1.05-$2.59 trillion (Annex 1), and took an annual level of $1.3 trillion (i.e., 2% of GDP) as a target for reallocation from “brown” investments to green investments. Under a BAU scenario, it is assumed that policies would continue to support carbon-intensive infrastructure and harmful subsidies. For example, production and price subsidies for fossil fuels exceeded US $650 billion in 2008, which adversely affects a transition to renewable energies. Under a green scenario, policies would be adopted to reduce harmful subsidies and incentives would be created to increase investments in natural capital and energy efficiency, for example.
  8. All 15 opportunities: Building energy efficiency Increasing yields on large-scale farms Reducing food waste Reducing municipal water leakage Urban densification (leading to major transport efficiency gains) Higher energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry Increasing yields on smallholder farms Increasing transport fuel efficiency Increasing the penetration of electric and hybrid vehicles Reducing land degradation Improving end-use steel efficiency Increasing oil and coal recovery Improving irrigation techniques Shifting road freight to rail and barge Improving power plant efficiency
  9. All 15 opportunities: Building energy efficiency Increasing yields on large-scale farms Reducing food waste Reducing municipal water leakage Urban densification (leading to major transport efficiency gains) Higher energy efficiency in the iron and steel industry Increasing yields on smallholder farms Increasing transport fuel efficiency Increasing the penetration of electric and hybrid vehicles Reducing land degradation Improving end-use steel efficiency Increasing oil and coal recovery Improving irrigation techniques Shifting road freight to rail and barge Improving power plant efficiency
  10. The basic framework for indicators to monitor the transition towards a green economy recognizes three principal groups: “Green Investments, Jobs & Sectors”: This group has an economic focus and represents efforts to achieve a green transformation of the economy and various key sectors, in terms of investment, and the associated share in output and employment. These can be considered as similar to leading indicators. “Decoupling Impacts and Resource Efficiency”: This group assess the environmental impacts of economic activity, identifying indicators of resource efficiency and productivity, and the decoupling of economic activity from these impacts. Principle issues including materials and waste, energy, water, land use and ecosystem change, and emissions of hazardous substances. Work of the International Panel on Sustainable Resource Management has suggested a number of priority areas for further indicator development. “Aggregate indicators of progress and well-being”: This group refers to overall measures of economic progress and well-being, including poverty alleviation and natural capital depreciation (such as in the “Beyond GDP” initiative). This includes thus a wide range of proposed indicators and composite indicators (indices), mostly to complement GDP with social, environmental and more detailed economic criteria. UNEP supports efforts by various actors to expand the range of core indicators by which the performance of an economy is summarized. More details Key sectors: energy, buildings, transport, manufacturing, tourism, waste management, agriculture, forests, fisheries and water// Indicators reflect policy actions, such as the share of renewables in the energy mix Measures of the intensity of energy, resource and material use and waste generation for specific sectors// Indicators capture the outcomes/impacts of policies and investments to green key sectors Measures of the intensity of energy, resource and material use and waste generation for specific sectors// Indicators capture the outcomes/impacts of policies and investments to green key sectors
  11. UNEP research on the Green Economy is being tested, as governments and businesses alike take steps to accelerate a global shift towards a low-carbon, resource-efficient and socially inclusive green future. From China to Barbados, Brazil to South Africa, countries are developing Green Economy strategies and activities to spur greater economic growth and jobs, environmental protection and equality. Emerging economies are playing a driving role. Indonesia, the Republic of Korea and South Africa, already have national Green Economy plans that are very much in line with the report’s recommendations. This leadership role is extending to inspire developing countries. There is definitely a ‘pull factor’ being created by those taking the lead, which will continue to set the pace in the months to come. China is the world’s lead investor in renewable energy, overtaking Spain in 2009 and spending US$ 49 billion in 2010. Overall, China is committed to spending US$468 billion over the next five years, more than double the previous five years, on key industries, including renewable energy, clean technologies and waste management. There has been a drive in clean investment, which is not only benefitting emerging economies, but also other developing countries. According to Bloomberg figures, global investments in renewable energy jumped 32 per cent in 2010, to a record US$211 billion. Countries in Africa posted the highest percentage increase of all developing regions, if the emerging economies of Brazil, China and India are excluded. The Green Economy Report suggests that over time “new and decent jobs” will be created in these key sectors. A recent study by ILO and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), entitled, Low Carbon Development and Green Employment in China, confirms that this is the case. It provides a list of likely winners and losers and the scale of direct and indirect impact involved to identify net gains. It concludes that while 800,000 workers in small coal power plants in China are likely to lose their jobs due to climate mitigation actions, some 2.5 million jobs could be created by 2020 in the wind energy sector alone.
  12. China 12 5YP has Green Development: Building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society’ indicated the importance of climate change and green development. Main objectives of the plan include to significantly improve resource conservation and environmental protection; arable land area will be kept at 121million Ha; water consumption of unit of industrial added value will be reduced 30%; agricultural water irrigation efficiency will be increased 0.53; percentage of non-fossil fuel among primary energy consumption will be up to 11.4%; energy consumption of per GDP will be reduced by 16%; CO2 emission of per GDP will be reduced by 17%; major pollutant emission amount will be reduced significantly, which SO2 and COD will be reduced by 8%, NOX and ammonia compounds will be reduced by10% respectively; forest coverage will be increased up to 21.66%, and forest reserve will increase 600million m3. The Green Economy Report suggests that over time “new and decent jobs” will be created in these key sectors. A recent study by ILO and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), entitled, Low Carbon Development and Green Employment in China, confirms that this is the case. It provides a list of likely winners and losers and the scale of direct and indirect impact involved to identify net gains. It concludes that while 800,000 workers in small coal power plants in China are likely to lose their jobs due to climate mitigation actions, some 2.5 million jobs could be created by 2020 in the wind energy sector alone.
  13. Many industries use more materials and energy than their production processes require, due to continued use of obsolete and inefficient technologies and methodologies. Producers and consumers have adopted patterns of production and consumption that do not take into consideration the limits of the planet’s available resources and its assimilative capacity for emissions, a situation further complicated by continued population growth. Climate change is one main consequence, but loss of biodiversity, land degradation and desertification, air pollution, surface and groundwater pollution, chemical contamination are also important. Current production systems are therefore unsustainable: they do not allow today’s needs to be met without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Source: State of the world, 2008 Innovation for a Sustainable Economy, Worldwatch Institute
  14. The energy required to extract materials from ore or other natural resources, compared to the energy required to the use of recycled materials shows the great potential of energy savings. For example the use of recycled copper saves up to 85% of energy at the primary production stage. But not only for metals recycling plays a major role. If you look at the pulp and paper industry from a resource efficiency point of view, 31 trees, 4,000 kWh of energy, 270 litres of oil, 26,000 litres of water and 3.5 cubic metres of landfill space can be saved by recycling 1 ton of paper. Or if 1 ton of recycled plastic is used, 5,774 kWh of energy, 2,604 litres of oil, and 22 cubic metres of landfill can be saved.
  15. SING WITH ME GREEN WILL: GREEN WILL ROCK YOU BY 2050!!!!!!