Pan Africanism

Pan Africanism
Pan–Africanism and the Organization of African Unity
Pan Africanism Definition
Pan–Africanism is a sociopolitical worldview, and philosophy, as well as a movement, which seeks
to unify both native Africans and those of the African Diaspora, as part of a "global African
community".
Pan Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific and
philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan Africanism as an ethical
system, traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African
civilization and struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo–colonialism.
Pan–Africanism is usually seen as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key aims of the first conference were:
To bring into closer touch with one another the peoples of African descent throughout the world
T o inaugurate plans to bring about a more friendly relationship between Caucasian and African
races
To start moving to securing all African races living in civilized counties with full rights to promote
their business interests.
The success of this early conference was limited but it did set the wheels in motion for greater
debate. For the first time the various elements of anti–colonial and anti racial movements were
brought to the forefront and discussed in the public light. Dubois led the 1st Pan–African congress,
which took place in Paris 1919, to discuss racial discrimination against colored troops stationed in
France after WW1.
The next major landmark in the history of Pan Africanism was the 1945 Manchester Pan Africanism
Conference. For the first time the congress did not ask for recognition or favors from European
powers. They unequivocally demanded an end to colonialism in Africa, in addition to demands for
social justice and rights. All schemes of half freedom were rejected. The Manchester Congress gave
an impetuous to the goal of achieving national independence. The next conference was in Ghana,
this was a

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Pan Africanism and Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr.
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr was a Jamaican political leader who accomplished many things within
his lifetime. He was a well–known publisher, entrepreneur, journalist, Black Nationalist, as well as
Pan–Africanist. Pan Africanism is the idea that all African American people possess a common
cultural legacy extending from Africa. In saying this, all African Americans should work together in
maintaining the culture and removing expatriate power.
Marcus Garvey was important because he aided in inspiring a mass movement amongst African
Americans. Garvey make efforts to show African Americans economic empowerment meanwhile
sharing the importance of taking part in politics and have greater impacts. Along with these many
accomplishments, his biggest accomplishment was becoming the founder of the Universal Negro
Improvement Association and African Communities League in Jamaica. Garvey came to the United
States in 1916 and launched the New York Division of the UNIA the following year. This
association started off with merely thirteen members and exponentially grew to approximately 3500
members. Garvey has reached new heights of power within his career in the late 1920s when he
headed an international convention in Liberty Hall, containing frequent delegates in attendance from
25 countries. Garvey also led a parade of over 50,000 throughout all of Harlem. Marcus Garvey
travelled though many different places including a majority of Central America, Europe, and the
Caribbean where he

Malcolm X 's Philosophy Of Black Pride, Black Nationalism,...
The Autobiography of Malcolm X informs the reader about Malcolm X's philosophy of black pride,
black nationalism, and pan–Africanism. There are a billion reasons to care when it comes to a book
about a human rights activist. I want to take a look at something more personal. There is always
time for change. Who would have thought that a little kid from the country who bounced around
between foster homes, detention centers, and jails would have done anything with his life? I might
have guessed that Malcolm X lived a life of crime until he died in a gunfight based on his history.
That did not happen. He changed. I can probably think of a million things that I want to change in
my life. Some of them probably seem impossible. That is okay. This book teaches me that there is
time for me to change my life as long as I am not dead. This little kid from Nebraska could do it and
so can I. Malcolm X only got six short years before his family was torn apart by the death of his
father and the nervous breakdown of his mother in the beginning. He and his siblings became wards
of the state. He started to dream of living in Boston when he met his half–sister Ella. Malcolm went
through all kinds of transformations in the next stage of his life. He started out as a wide–eyed
country bumpkin, turned into a big–time dancer, became a drug dealer, and landed in jail. In 1948
Malcolm's brother Philbert wrote to him that he had discovered the natural religion for the black
man, also known as the

African Americans On Education : Malcolm X On A Homemade...
Views of African Americans on education: Malcolm X on a Homemade Education; W.E.B. Dubois
in Education; and Oliver Crowell Cox in Education Okema Johnson Coppin State University IDST
499–401 Dr. Ray September 9, 2015 Education is an important aspect in the lives of many
individuals. Education is often seen as a means to better oneself. With education, a whole new world
can be opened up to individuals. For African Americans education is key to achieving a variety of
things in life. During the days of slavery, African Americans were not allowed to be educated. It was
frowned upon and strictly discouraged because slave masters knew that they could not dominate an
educated person. Any slave caught trying to read or write was punished. There are many individuals
whose main purpose is to fight for the rights and equality of African Americans and fighting for the
right to be educated was one of these goals. African Americans alike wanted to be educated because
they know it would lead to progress and a better overall situation. Now in today's society we see that
even though many before us has fought for the right to be educated some do not see it as a privilege.
In this paper, the views of Malcolm X, W.E.B. DuBois and Oliver Cromwell Cox will be examined
in regards to their thoughts on education. Malcolm X is known for his contributions to the Civil
Rights Movement as well as being a leader of the Nation of Islam (Bio, 2015). Before Malcolm X
began making a

Appiah Appiah Cosmopolitanism
Appiah was raised by his father, leader of the independence movement of the Gold Coast, and his
mother, an English woman. He goes on to speak on his experiences living in Kumasi, the capital of
Ghana's Ashante region and the many faces he would meet on his walks down the city. He cites
specific people at times, as if these memories were some of his fondest. While in Ghana, Appiah
experiences a broad cultural understanding by being utterly enveloped and consumed by cultural
integration and unity. It is without doubt that he would propose and praise the ideas of
cosmopolitanism when he essentially grew up in a cosmopolitanism society. He goes on to state, "I
never thought to wonder as a child, why these people traveled so far to live and work ... Show more
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The ending of Appiah's essay is rough and unfinished. He goes through his arguments very quickly
without much analysis or explanation compared to the beginning of his essay. It almost appears that
he lost focus or was rushed towards the end of his essay. Appiah does not present his arguments in a
very convincing manner, with his frequent contradictions that can be interpreted as a strengthener or
weakener of his statements. The flow and overall style towards the end is weak and lacking. As said
before, if we were to view this piece purely as a thought experiment there would be some merit, but
he presents this as a solution to the world's problems: a serious analytic piece, which frankly fails to
do so. He lacks persuasion and proper argumentation and this idealized world is realistically:
impossible. The saving graces of his essay are his discussion on the defintion of comoposltism and
the two strand of partial cosmopolitanism. He demonstrates his knowledge on the subject, but fails
to provide a convincing application to it in real life. And while universal peace is a breathtaking
idealized world, Appiah makes it appear impossible, at least in the near

Maya Angelou
All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes is Maya Angelou's, who happens to be the author,
personal account of her experience as she travels back to Africa in an attempt at fulfilling the feeling
of 'home' she is looking for. In the autobiography Angelou speaks on the issues of racism and
cultural differences between both the Ghanaians and the Americans within the country. The book
gives an eye opening view of the times during the Civil Rights Movement and the key people during
that time, while looking into the ancestry of the people who were so wrongly taken from their own
place they call own. Another important issue that is presented to the reader is the exploration of
African, as well as, African– American identities throughout the book. ... Show more content on
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To begin the story Angelou must deal with the problem of struggling to be a mother to her grown
son, Guy, who happened to get into an accident where he broke his neck. They both came to Ghana
after spending two years in Cairo, Egypt. The purpose of the trip was to enroll Guy into the
University of Ghana, with the accident happening just three days after their arrival. While describing
her son's accident, we are introduced to her friend Julian Mayfield, who introduces Angelou to Efua
Sutherland, a writer and actor; as Sutherland becomes a close friend of Angelou's who allows her to
let out all of her pain. After getting a job at the university, in which Guy attended, Angelou begins to
make friends and becomes roommates with two other Americans that happened to be lodgers at the
YMCA they would go on to live at, and Guy's quick recovery, she begins to feel comfortable with
her new life in Africa. Further along in the story, Angelou searches for various jobs that paid more
than the minimum in order to pay for her sons tuition and the car she recently bought. Her and her
roommates hire a village boy named Kojo who reminds her of her brother Bailey and ultimately
serves as a substitute for her son Guy. While traveling through eastern villages in Ghana, she
describes to us the romantic relationship she had with a man named Sheikhali, who proposes that
she be his second wife although she refuses. As the story progresses she participated in the
organizing of a march in Ghana the same day as Martin Luther King Jr's march on Washington.
Later she meets Malcolm X, as he was in Ghana to gain support from a variety of different
governments. Being the chosen one drive him around, Angelou has many talks with him including
those of personal matters and on the topic of civil rights. She then took part in a play that was being
performed in Germany. After Germany she took a quick visit to Cairo in order to visit

Cuisinart Cookware Essay
The Cuisinart Multiclad stainless steel 12 piece cookware set has an incredible 325 customer
reviews on Amazon.com. You can appreciate how busy people are in their every day lives so for
over 300 people to give up their time to write a review for this cookware set is really something
special. This Cuisinart cookware set includes saucepans, skillets, a stock pot, sauté pan and a
steamer insert. It has a solid aluminum core construction with a mirror finish interior which is very
stylish.
Add to the fact that it has a lifetime warranty and is oven safe to an incredible 500°F you can see
why it is one of the most popular cookware sets on Amazon.
Here are some features of this beautiful cookware set:
As I've already stated, it includes multiple saucepans, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This kitchenware set has no coatings to flake off or any plastic to melt if you put it in the
dishwasher.
There are 12 pieces included in this incredibly stylish yet useful cookware set.
From my research of reviews about this product, customers just love it. There's no two ways about
it. One user commented about the fact that stainless steel is sanitary and cleans up nearly as easily as
nonstick cookware. Having an aluminum core means that heat will be transmitted quickly and
evenly and you should experience even cooking with no annoying hot spots. The same user
commented that this multiclad cookware set is better than AllClad.
Another user commented on the fact that a friend of hers had a job which was all about testing
kitchen cookware and she recommended this particular range of cooking set above all others. That's
very hearty praise and a great professional recommendation. It has all the features as the AllClad
sets without the major pricetag.
The same user further commented that she has used this same set for almost 10 years of heavy use
and all bits look as good as

Pan Africanism: An Ethical System
Throughout history, the fight for justice for African Americans began with many influential leaders.
Pan Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific, and
philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan Africanism as an ethical
system traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African
civilization and the struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo–colonialism. Pan
Africanism was created as the roots to a new government. The focus was mostly on power
consolidation in Africa and especially stressed the importance of collective self–reliance. Leaders
that influenced this era consisted of Malcolm X, Haile Selassie, Ahmed Sekou Toure, Kwame
Nkrumah and Muammar Gaddafi and Marcus Garvey. The fight started with the development of the
flag which represented Pan Africanism. Each color of the Pan Africanism flag has certain
significance.
"Red: the blood that unites all people of Black African ancestry, and shed for liberation;
Black: black people whose existence as a nation, though not a nation–state, is affirmed by the
existence of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the earliest forms where Pan Africanism was demonstrated was in the late 1780s. From the
late 1780s onward, free blacks in the United States established their own churches in response to
racial segregation in white churches. Garvey began to envision a global movement that would unite
the race and found an African empire. "Among its objectives, the UNIA sought to promote race
pride, "strengthen the imperialism of independent African States," promote worldwide commerce
and industry, and "promote a conscientious Christian worship" that would aid "in civilizing the
backward tribes of Africa," a civilizationist approach standard for the time"(Makalani, 2001). Pan
Africanism was a dedicated movement to create

The Pan Africanism For Beginners
The Pan–African movement as described in Lemelle's Pan–Africanism for Beginners is "a set of
ideas and ideologies containing social and cultural, political and economic, material and spiritual
aspects." Each aspect is accompanied by a plethora of historical figures and terms unique to the
movement described thoroughly in the text and the presented glossary. The piece makes it easy to
understand all the information accompanying each topic. While it does have its strengths and
weaknesses, the book as a whole creates and explains a diverse scope of information. It describes
the beginnings of Pan–Africanism and shows how the beliefs of many influential people have
stemmed from the notions and dreams of years passed.
As a learning experience, Lemelle 's Pan–Africanism for Beginners provides a strong broad base of
knowledge. Instead of concentrating on the specifics of Pan–Africanism, it covers a broad range of
topics, from the Diaspora to Garveyism to the Harlem Renaissance. Because there are so many
people and movements associated with Pan–Africanism, it is nearly impossible to go into detail
about every important event in one book. Even so, Lemelle provides enough information to convey
the complexity of Pan–Africanism. By including its many facets, Lemelle is able to spark an interest
in the reader so that they can focus on specific research. For instance, when Lemelle explained the
Conference of Independent African States, he described that the purpose of the conference was

Pan Africanism And Rastafarianism
Pan–Africanism encourages the unification all people of African descent. This belief gained
popularity throughout the African diaspora in the 1970's as "one of the manifestations of the Black
Power Movement"(Britannica Academic, Encyclopedia). During the height of his career, Bob
Marley utilized his positive social influence and Rastafarian faith to give a global view of Pan–
African ideals in order to uplift his listeners and spread a message of peace and equality. During the
post Civil Rights era, blacks in the United States had just received rights through the passage of the
1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, and the 1968 Fair Housing Act. This federal
legislation ended legal segregation and other discriminations that were deeply entrenched in
American society. By the mid–1960s, Bob Marley "[immersed] himself into the faith by Rastafari"
(bobmarley.com). Rastafarianism is a religion, popular among Black Jamaicans, "[combining]
Protestant Christianity, mysticism, and a Pan–African political consciousness". At this time in his
life, Bob Marley became more conscious about not just only the political issues in Jamaica, but the
political issues and racial issues all over the world.
In 1963 Bob Marley joined local vocal classes where he met Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer. The men
became friends and formed the iconic reggae music trio, The Wailing Wailers. Reggae music
"evokes a message of universal suffrage," (Reggae As Social Change: The Spread of
Rastafarianism).

The 's Theory Of Pan Africanism
The oppression of Africans has been a prevalent source of pain and suffering since the Trans–
Atlantic Slave Trade. Political and economic systems have been designed to implement
disenfranchisement for people of color on all societal platforms. Throughout the course of the black
experience, many prominent individuals held arguments and intellectual conversations regarding the
socioeconomic characteristics of African–Americans. The most controversial, prolific intellectual
figure who harnessed a self–reliance attitude, with the idea of collective identity as a people, was
none other than the Caribbean–born Marcus Garvey. Garvey, a social activist, was prominent in the
Black Nationalism and Pan–Africanism movements. Theories developed by Garvey inspired
millions as he lectured about self–reliance and liberation of blacks to embark on the back–to–Africa
movement. Achieving the goal of black liberation fueled the arguments presented by Marcus
Garvey. Garvey's theory of Pan–Africanism proved to be a dominant force in the unification of the
African community. Throughout this essay, I will respond to the notion of Pan–Africanism, Garvey's
Ideologies, and his accomplishments in providing Black consciousness for the African diaspora.
Garvey's ideologies were illustrated through his founding of the United Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), as well as being the founder of the Black Star Line which engaged the idea of
the back–to–Africa movement. Collectively, these key

Pan Africanism For Beginners Essay
Sid Lemelle hoped for his book, Pan–Africanism for Beginners, to be a comprehensive guide to the
complex concept of Pan–Africanism. Lemelle begins the book by broadly defining Pan–Africanism
to mean the inclusion of "all people of African ancestry living in continental Africa and throughout
the world." This definition sets the foundation for his analysis of Pan–Africanism. Pan–Africanism
for Beginners explores the major leaders and events associated with Pan–African sentiments
chronologically. The exploration begins with the "early pioneers of Pan–Africanism" (20) such as
Prince Hall, Paul Cuffe, Dr. Martin R. Delany, and Fredrick Douglass. While this was an early stage
of Pan–Africanism, conflicting views on how to deal the issues of racism and oppression. Prince
Hall and Paul Cuffe believed in the emigration of blacks to Africa. However, Dr. Delany and
Frederick Douglass "argued against emigration." Instead, they believed that the "United States was
their home, and that they should remain" (25). Lemelle notes that Dr. Delany later changed his
attributes, however it is unclear if he changes his views from support of emigration to opposition to
emigration or vice versa. This is not a major weakness; however, it did confuse me as a reader
attempting to understand the beginnings of Pan–Africanism. One of the initial major Pan–African
events Lemelle introduced was the creation of Sierra Leone's "Province of Freedom" along with the
founding of Liberia. These two "ex–slave

Neverland and Peter and Wendy by James Matthew Barrie
Closing the Window (draft 5)
"On these magic shores children at play are for ever breaching their coracles. We too have been
there; we can still hear the sound of the surf, though we shall land no more."
Romantic children's literature for time immemorial has allowed its audience to imagine the
unimaginable, to believe in the magical, to explore uncharted territory and to see themselves in and
through the lives of the characters. These tales expose their audiences to the opportunities, and the
freedom that can only be accessed in the time of childhood innocence or in fond remembrance of
this time of wonder. Over one hundred years ago, when Sir James Matthew Barrie wrote Peter and
Wendy, he created Neverland, the ultimate childhood utopia – the home of eternal youth. This
fantastical island, "nicely crammed" to ensure that adventures are never far between, can only be
accessed by flight; and so for the Darling children, this meant thinking happy thoughts and being
sprinkled with fairy dust – enabling them to fly out of their bedroom window to Peter Pan's
permanent address: "second star to the right and straight on till morning" , assured that "mother
would always leave the window open for her children to fly back" .
However, in the changed society of the 21st century, the archetype of the puer aeternus seems lost.
In a world where the name Peter Pan is attached to the stigma of a diagnosis, we are far less
forgiving of naiveté than we once were. Rather, contemporary

African Racism In Pan Africanism In The 19th Century
Pan Africanism was a philosophical, economic and sociocultural call for unity between Africans and
the diaspora that gained popularity in the 19th century. The aim of the movement was to resist
physical and symbolic domination exerted by capitalist powers and overturn the social hierarchies
established by the forces of slavery, racism, and colonialism in Africa and abroad. The idea behind
including the African diaspora in Pan Africanist efforts is due not only to the common history that
connects them but to a common plight rooted in the same racism experienced by Africans and
people of African descent. United, African Nations would have the socio–political and economic
strength to compete on the world stage and the power to redefine the narratives illustrating
blackness in an Eurocentric society within a Eurocentric world. Among the black leaders that
represented Pan Africanism were W.E.B DuBois and Marcus Garvey, political advocates different,
and almost opposing, in their methods but similar in their belief in the need for African solidarity in
order to reassert African pride and humanity from neo–colonial subjugation. Pan Africanism gained
institutional legitimacy with the founding of the African Association in London and the international
attention gained by the various congresses that called for multinational participation, both
highlighted the priorities of Africans dispersed throughout the world by asserting themselves as a
solidified political entity with aims and

Examples Of Diasporic Culture In Home To Harlem
2. A ship is a significant term regarding the context of diasporic culture because it is a vehicle which
can move between various places. Ideally, it could be used as a tool to explore one's identity. The
image of the ship is utilized in almost all the texts which we have read thus far this semester, from
texts such as Claude McKay's Home to Harlem to the opening scenes of Zora Neale Hurston's Their
Eyes Were Watching God to Marcus Garvey's essays and speeches in Philosophy and Opinion.
Where ships remain a metaphorical component of the two fictional texts mentioned, it represents a
vehicle which would further a Pan–African agenda in the second. In Home to Harlem, McKay's
protagonist, Jake, spends his time on various forms of transportation, such as trains. However, he
begins his tale on a freighter on his way back to Harlem. The first image we see of him is one on a
ship, making a choice to come back to the United States. As an American protagonist, Jake's
diasporic identity has been created by ships through the slave trade while simultaneously being
steered by ships through his own autonomy regarding decisions on where to live at any moment. As
mentioned before, Marcus Garvey's essays and speeches hinge on the return to Africa. This return
would be accomplished through the Black Star, which never began its journey in relocating black
individuals to Africa. Overall, both texts represent ships as a vehicle which can give individuals with
diasporic backgrounds some form of

Reflection On Racism
s a sociology major, I was broadly aware of the complexities of race relations within the U.S and I
thought the class would simply solidify notions that I had previously held to be true. In reality, the
class taught me a lot of invaluable information about the socio cultural spheres of Africa and how
systematic relationships between the U.S and Africa have historically produced and reproduced the
conditions in which Africa finds itself today. Our ideology, and I'm sure other classmates will agree,
has been infiltrated with biased and Eurocentric images of justified world domination through early
childhood socialization in the Texas public school system. The construct in which we have been
placed in encourages complacency and a sort of traditional patriotism. Patriotism that can be
described as the simple acceptance of the physical and social state of the country without openly
challenging long held beliefs and practices, even if these beliefs enable structural violence against
black communities by part of police enforcement, facilitate the active criminalization of blackness,
brutalities, murders and institutionalized racism. The social forces that affect and produce our
perceptions of Africa have been so seamlessly integrated into our conditioning, even as early as
primary school, that I had been unable to recognize the racist schools of thought we have inherited
from our colonial predecessors through outlets that are so seemingly benign, such as children's
movies. The

The Pan Africanism For Beginners
The Pan–African movement as described in Lemelle's Pan–Africanism for Beginners is "a set of
ideas and ideologies containing social and cultural, political and economic, material and spiritual
aspects." Each aspect is accompanied by a plethora of historical figures and terms unique to the
movement, well described throughout the text and in the presented glossary. This book makes it easy
to understand all the information accompanying each topic. While it does have its strengths and
weaknesses, this book as a whole creates and explains a diverse scope of information. It describes
the beginnings of Pan–Africanism and shows how the beliefs of many influential people have
stemmed from notions and dreams of years passed.
As a learning experience, Lemelle 's Pan–Africanism for Beginners provides a strong broad base of
knowledge. Instead of concentrating on the specifics of Pan–Africanism, this book covers a broad
range of aspects, from the Diaspora to Garveyism to the Harlem Renaissance. Because there are so
many people and movements associated with Pan–Africanism, it is nearly impossible to go into
detail about every important event in one book. Even so, Lemelle does a good job at providing
enough detail on each topic, while still conveying how complex Pan–Africanism is. By including
many facets of Pan–Africanism, Lemelle is able to spark an interest in the reader so that they can
continue onto more specific research. For instance, when Lemelle explained the Conference of

Healers Of Ghana
Film Analysis: Healers of Ghana Healers of Ghana were an amazing film of the people in Ghana.
The scenes that caught my attention was learning the about the Techiman Bono people and their
belief in witchcraft. They have rituals and religious belief of polytheism. In the film we are in
Techiman Bono in Ghana that consists of seventy different ethnic groups along with over ninety
different languages that are spoken. The education system is well organized as in the film the
children are engaging in physical activities. They have the children line up for the inspection of hand
and teeth to promote, the learning of taking care of them. As a result to the education system, most
of the children go to secondary school. The Bono tribes believed that

The Pan African Consciousness
"I know no national boundary where the Negro is concerned. The whole world is my province until
Africa is free" (Garvey). These words by Marcus Garvey perfectly illustrate the spirit of unification
that characterized the attitude of many people of African Descent as a direct result of the callous
treatment that Africa as a whole suffered at the hands of Europeans. Europe not only ravished Africa
of a significant resource in the millions of lives that it stole and enslaved. Europe also pillaged the
continent with the brutal institution of colonization. The manacles of colonization inspired great
suffering in the lands and lives of Africans examples include Land exploitation, labor exploitation
and most significantly exploiting the minds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is at this point that Cesaire argues the permanent malnutrition is introduced. This production of
cash crops led to famine in the lands of The Congo and thusly caused permanent damage in the lives
of the colonized. This damage led to the aspect of the Pan African movement that celebrated Africa.
One very important idea pushed by Marcus Garvey, who is known as the father of the Pan– African
Movement, is that "Africa was the ancestral home and spiritual cradle of all African–descended
peoples, the scene of past and future glory" ( Lynch 31). Garvey thought it was very important that
the continent be freed from "tyrannous European imperialist grasp" (Lynch 31). The ideas that
Garvey postulated about Africa were founded in the consequences of Europe's misuse of the land.
Another way that European colonization caused harm to Africans is through labor exploitation.
Death, taxation, and torture were tools used to enforce labor policies. After Europeans confiscated
African land, they proceeded to charge Africans taxes to inhabit the land. They charged the taxes in
a manner that required Africans to work for Europeans in order to pay. The railway line in The
Congo, Ivory recovery, cash crop cultivation and rubber extraction were all tasks performed by
Africans. Africans most often worked without pay. Europeans however made

Essay about Garvey, Dubois and Pan Africanism
Pan Africanism, in its fundamental definition, implores the black population to pursue self–dignity
and self–determination in bettering their situation and becoming equal to the majority population;
W.E.B. Dubois and Marcus Garvey, while both active Pan–Africanists in theory, have different goals
and perspectives on the ways in which the racial problems should be approached. The central
differences between Dubois and Garvey lie in their adolescent upbringings, and permeate through
adulthood to form opinions about the history of colonialism and imperialism that separated society
as a whole. In many ways, class structure ultimately shapes the views of a person towards
themselves as well as society in general – as we compare and contrast ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Garvey was born in Jamaica, poor and convinced that the country could do nothing for him
academically or socially – this is when he decided to travel to the United states to seek newer
opportunities. Dubois, however, was raised by middle class parents in Massachusetts, where he
formed the belief that only hard work will cause success in ones' life. He attended Fisk University
and eventually Harvard, further reinforcing his beliefs that integration and hard work would be the
only way to make it in that society. Garvey appealed to the masses, with his message of self–
determination, despite socio–economic background. He stated himself, "... I appeal for four hundred
million Negroes of the world, and fifteen millions in America in particular," and thus, he did attract
a very large audience. Dubois, on the other hand, saw the wealthy and well educated as the epicenter
of black prosperity and growth, and thus proclaimed that "from [educated blacks'] knowledge and
experience, [they] would lead the mass." Because of this overt separation in viewpoints of the lower
class blacks, many are lead to believe that only Dubois exuded scrutiny of blacks in America.
Dubois frequently declared that poor blacks were in their situations by their own accord, and made
statements such as "wealth is the result of work and saving and the rich rightly inherited the earth.
The poor, on the

Pan Africanism : The Black Social, Intellectual, And...
Pan–Africanism
Pan–Africanism signifies the difficulties of black social, intellectual, and political notions over a two
hundred year span. What establishes Pan–Africanism, on the basic level, is the unity of Africans
worldwide. Pan–Africanists believe that the African people in its entirety, which includes the
Diaspora and the African continent, does not just share common beginnings but also a common
destiny. (Asante, 1976, p. 97) This ideology of an intertwined past and future of all the African
people has however took many forms, as different thinkers feel that there are different methods in
achieving African unity. Three great thinkers, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey, and Malcolm X,
were all leaders of their own Pan–African movement which each contained their own element in
achieving Pan–Africanism. DuBois took a more academic stance which included the utilization of
the elites, whereas Garvey and Malcolm X were more so grassroots organizers as they believed in
the bottom–up decision making rather than top–down.
To commence, Dr. William Edward Burghardt DuBois, better known as W.E.B. Dubois, is
acknowledged as the "Father of Pan–Africanism." (Esedebe, 1971, p. 84) One of DuBois first
movement towards Pan–Africanism was his idea of the "Talented Tenth." He felt that in order to
save the Negro race it must be done by exceptional men. (Franklin, 2011, p. 301) Dubois believed
that the development of the Negro race must be done through college education. This involved
writing

African Social & Political Thought
PHL 305: AFRICAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT
QUESTION: TAKE ONE AFRICAN SOCIO–POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER AND DISCUSS:
A. HIS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
B. THE PROBLEM HE TRIED TO SOLVE
C. THE EXTENT TO WHICH HE WAS SUCCESSFUL.
African socialism was one of the earliest theories proffered by many African leaders at the outset of
independence. Leaders such as Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, Obafemi Awolowo and
Leopold Senghor all supported this concept but had different approaches to it.
In this essay, my focus will be on Julius Nyerere and his approach to the idea of African socialism.
Julius Kambarage Nyerere was born on the 13thof April, 1922 in Butiama in then Tanganyika
(Tanzania).As President of the United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the area of achieving self–reliance by African states particularly Tanzania, Nyerere developed an
educational philosophy which could be approached under two main headings; Education for Self–
reliance and Adult education. His interest in Self–reliance shares a great deal with Gandhi's
approach to 'Basic Education'. There was a strong concern to counteract the colonialists'
assumptions and practices of the dominant, formal means of education, which he saw as enslaving
and oriented towards 'western' interest and norms. It was designed to transmit the values of the
colonizing power and to train individuals for the service of the colonial state. It induced attitudes of
subservience, human inequality and individualism, and emphasized white–collar skills. The context
of colonial education was largely alien and the entire system was organized by racial segregation.
For Nyerere who was once a teacher himself, he believed that education had to work for the
common good, foster co–operation and promote equality. He asserted that the school curriculum
should go hand in hand with de–emphasizing the import of formal examinations which merely
assesses a person's ability to learn facts. He said it was necessary for African states to abandon
examinations that are geared towards

African Ideology And Ghana
The prime minister of Ghana and the first African head of a West African country freed from
colonization, Kwame Nkrumah, followed a pan–African ideology and hoped to be the one who
would guide Africa in a unified direction, leading an independent Africa that was industrialized and
powerful (Muehlenbeck 2012: 17). Despite his ambition, or maybe because of it, his policies
virtually bankrupted Ghana through a focus on large industrial projects that did not form a good
base for the industrialization he hoped for in his country. Additionally the discrepancies between the
ways he handled his political relations in private and in public for the sake of protecting his image
contributed to the trouble Ghana faced. Kwame Nkrumah went to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
May 23, 2016). Unfortunately, things did not work out this way.
Firstly, Nkrumah had much difficulty securing the funds to build the Volta Dam. Originally the
British, who were still in control of Ghana at the time, were going to fund the dam but backed out,
citing the high costs and the decline of British colonial power (Black Power, BBC: 1992).
Afterwards, Ghana spent much time trying to secure the money needed for the project, but the
United States was unwilling to earmark the amount of funds, and Nkrumah was unable to get the
World Bank to approve a loan for the money he needed. The only solution provided was from either
the Soviet Union or the private sector of America, and so Nkrumah found himself directed toward
Kaiser Aluminum (Muehlenbeck 2012: 20). This is where more issues began to form. Kaiser
Aluminum, like some other companies, did not give Ghana the kind of beneficial deals they sought
with their industrialization projects and Nkrumah did not pursue other options that would have been
better deals for his country. For Kaiser Aluminum, they refused to work with Nkrumah's plan unless
he conceded the use of Ghanaian bauxite and instead let them import it. They explained this away as
just concern for the difference in aluminum quality the bauxite would provide, but were also largely
motivated by the threat of Ghana repurposing the aluminum

African Americans And Its Impact On Society
African Americans have been through so much since being uprooted from their home in Africa.
Most people do not understand what happened to African Americans and they understand what they
had to go through to be where they are today. It went from being kings in the comfort of their home
to being thrown on a boat packed like sardines to be forced to work in the fields. The trip was a
massacre itself because many did not make it due to the treatment from others. African Americans
have always been treated like outsiders and it took many people to sway the perception of others to
be where they are today. Through all the ups and downs African Americans persevered and made it
out the struggle. African Americans has always been treated badly all groups of people and they
always looked down on African Americans. Throughout the history involving African American, it
showed the constant inferiority treatment. African Americans were slaves years ago, people still
look at blacks as less important than other people. Slavery has a huge impact on our society today
because people are still bias and unfair towards African Americans, most African Americans are still
living in poverty and don't have proper education beyond high school which is why they don't have
the equal opportunity for jobs. African Americans still continue to sit in the shadow behind white
people.
In the past history, African Americans were slaves and were looked at and thought of as less
important than whites. Still today

Kwame Nkrumah's Impact On The Contribution Of The...
Throughout human history, there have been multiples leaders that have sought to implement change
and bring prosperity to their people and definitely, Kwame Nkrumah is one of them. Indeed,
Nkrumah is one of the leading figures in the fight against colonialism not only in Ghana, his
country, but also in the continent of Africa itself, and across the world. He sought to challenge the
colonial powers and their system of global capitalism by implementing the socialist route once he
achieved the independence of Ghana from the British Empire in 1957. Although, Nkrumah was not
successful in his plan and after nine years as President of Ghana, he was removed from power, he
still played a major role on the development of the Pan–Africanism movement and its huge impact
in different parts of the world. To recall, Pan–Africanism is the principle of the political union of all
indigenous inhabitants of Africa. In other words, this movement encouraged the African people all
over the globe to unite as one and fight for their independence and rights to not be colonized and
exploited anymore. From his early years of life, Nkrumah experienced first–hand the exploitation
and suffering of the African people. While he was attending the Lincoln University and later,
University of Pennsylvania, he had the opportunity to get involved in political organizations that
would help his African brothers not only in the United States, but also back in Africa. For this
reason, he joined a group of African

The World Of The Continent Of Africa
There are millions of people who are known worldwide for several of reasons. Each and every day I
hear about different people from the different countries who have played a part in American history
and also who have made a difference in the world. This semester I took on a different course. Not
only because I had too but because I wanted to learn more about my African culture. The continent
of Africa is viewed by many was a poor and out of control country. I have learned so much in this
class about Africa as a whole that I love being able to talk to others about what I have learned and
talk about Africa I different way as other may think of it. I chose to do research on one of known
and historic person, Kwame Nkrumah. Also known as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dr Nkrumah continued his schooling in England, where he helped to organize the Fifth Pan–African
Congress in 1945. In 1947 Nkrumah founded the West African National Secretary to the United
States Gold Coast Convention. In 1947 the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was established
(Stanislaw, 1998). Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast from London to become its secretary
(Biography of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, 2009). After a few years, Nkrumah broke from the
organization, and formed the Convention People's Party (Biography of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, 2009).
The CPP had a slogan that made a statement, "Self–Government Now." Many people from the Gold
Coast society supported the movement and slogan. They wanted to see the end of British rule, which
included all small traders, army veterans, and other nationalists (Stanislaw, 1998).
The protest by Nkrumah's after a time of struggle became successful. In 1950 Britain government
jailed him for political agitation. After being jailed Britain government allowed a new national
constitution to be drafted, with elections to be held in early February of 1951 (Biography of Dr
Kwame Nkrumah, 2009). While still under arrest and in prison, Nkrumah became the continent's
first African–born prime minister. After winning the 1951 election, Nkrumah's CPP went on to win
subsequent

President Nkrumah 's The Fight Against Imperialism
President Nkrumah's ideology and ability to mobilize a continent of individuals was based heavily
on his dedication to inform the oppressed about the current war being waged. This new war
expanded across continents and was described as neocolonialism. President Nkrumah inspired
further generations of likeminded individuals such as Kwame Ture who adopted Nkrumah's first
name. In order to understand both Kwame Ture and Kwame Nkrumah's influence in the fight
against imperialism it is important to understand both men's definition of colonialism in Africa and
The Americas. Both individuals offer a way to destroy these mechanisms in hopes that African and
Latin American countries can find unity and freedom from Imperialism. President Nkrumah
describes neo colonialism as a mechanism existing through economic, political, religious,
ideological, and cultural means at the hands of the Western World and their pre–existing colonizers.
Neo colonialism is regarded as the birth child of early colonialism by European and American
countries. Colonialism sucked the resources dry from the countries in which they occupied.
Colonizers then sold the products in their home countries, leaving little to spare for the Indian,
African, and Latin American inhabitants who continued to live in poverty. President Nkrumah
describes this new form of colonialism as "switching tactics." He describes these imperialist tactics;
as methods of promoting independence and freedom when in reality they are

Malcolm's Influence On African Power
More than just a battle over land, Carmichael suggested that the undoing of the influences of
Western civilization, especially among African Americans would be the major obstacle they had to
overcome on the road to unity. However, without this process, there would not be much of a
revolution at all. Rather, it would be only a replacement without substantial reconfiguration. For
him, the unlearning of an imposed culture was essential to bring neo–colonialism to an end and he
considered African communal traditions crucial in this transformation toward a post–colonial and
post–capitalistic future of a united African continent. For Stokely culture was deeply political. In the
past, he suggested, people only fought for a change in power, however, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike Malcolm, whose internationalism well preceded his departure from the Nation of Islam,
Carmichael's ideas, despite his increasing interest in the worldwide anti–colonial struggle, remained
firmly grounded in the U.S. political tradition, as his promotion of the idea of group pluralism
illustrates. Moreover, despite the fact that he considered Frantz Fanon as one of his central later
influences, Carmichael refused to acknowledge the shortcomings of some African leaders as well as
the depth of colonial entanglement and the class–specific interests that shaped the experiences of
many postcolonial

Critical Analysis Of Marcus Garvey's Vision Of Africa
Vision of Africa
The introduction is being written to introduce us to Marcus Garvey and his efforts to give enslaved
African– Americans a voice. It gives us a small batch of background information on Mr. Garvey and
then goes on to give us information on other activist who also had the will to fight for what he
wanted as well. The author informs us that Mr. Garvey was not the first person to fight for his
people but instead reintroduced these ideas in a time where the African– American slaves were
beginning to give up on the American dream and the American "promise."
The author uses different figures of history and how they contributed to the fight for the freedoms of
African– American slaves. They all shared a common goal but all focused on different aspects of a
dream for a better life. These figures all felt that their one voice could be a voice for those five
hundred thousand people of color who were not seen as human beings.
Also, the author uses current themes of hatred and bigotry that can be seen in present day 2017.
"'Garvey leaped into the ocean of Black unhappiness at a most timely moment for a savior...they
could expect no changes in their traditional status in America'" (Clarke). When Barack Obama won
the presidency, he was seen as a hero to those who felt silenced but the history of white power in our
country. Then Number Forty– Five came to gain the presidency. When this happened, the Klu Klux
Klan (KKK) reemerged and is now an even bigger symbol of hatred and segregation. This time, it is
now white supremacist against minorities but rather White Conservatives versus everybody else
who is not a pure white, or at least as pure as a white individual can be.
The important themes to learn about in the introduction are the African people's search for an
identity and the "all men are created equal" excerpt. The slaves would look for their identity of
whether they were citizens of the United States or if they were just property. All men are meant to be
created equal only if they are white. There are many key figures that are talked about in this
introductory chapter that would help us understand these themes. Bishop Henry McNeal Turner was
one of the most well known and outspoken advocates of Black

Intellectual Of Electrical Engineering : The Negritude
Intellectual to electrical engineering
The Negritude
By the end of the 19th century, most of Africans were living under some form of European colonial
domination. The history of Africa and its Diaspora was dismissed as insignificant at best, inexistent
at worse. Black cultures were ridiculed, stereotyped, and scorned. So the concept of Negritude
emerged as the expression of a revolt against the historical situation of French colonialism and
racism.
Negritude was both a literary and ideological movement led by French–speaking black writers and
intellectuals. The movement is marked by its rejection of European colonization and its role in the
African diaspora, pride in "blackness" and traditional African values and culture. The negritude
movement was inspired by the Harlem renaissance writers and thinkers but still different to the
Black panters mouvment in many point such as the use of violence.
The negritude founders' Aimé Césaire from Martinique, Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal and
Léon–Gontran Damas from French Guiana ( met in Paris in 1931) have to define themselves against
a world which leaves no room for who and what they are because they are black folks in a world
where universal seems to naturally mean white. Thus, the Negritude or the self–affirmation of black
peoples was an answer to the question: what are we in this white world? Indeed, all of the three
founders was colonial subject because they all came from French colonies, and being colonial
subjects meant

Marcus Garvey Research Paper
Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887–1940) was a Jamaican born Black Nationalist, newspaper printer,
writer, orator, and political advocate. His ideas and activism influenced black communities and
nationalist groups, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, post–Colonial movements, and helped
develop the pan–African movement. Garvey promoted African American self reliance, business
development, cultural expression, and political independence rather than the integrationist ideals of
the period. In addition to which Garvey was the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), Black Star Line and Negro Factories Corporation. Garvey sought to challenge
white supremacy and economic imperialism by supporting black business leadership, promoting
black political involvement thereby ensuring racial political representation via the establishment of
their own institutions and eventually through the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ann's Bay Jamaica the third child to Malcus Mosiah Garvey (1838–1920), a mason, and Sarah Jane
Richards (1852–1908), a domestic servant and farmer. Owing to the racial laws of the period Garvey
received only a limited foundational education, yet continually strove to read, attend seminars, and
improve himself throughout his life. Given his family's poverty, as a teenager, Garvey was
apprenticed to Alfred E. Burrowes, a printer. In this role, Garvey soon became interested in
journalism, politics, public speaking, and activism. As a printer's apprentice, Garvey also acquired
the skills which would help in later in life including the development and running of his businesses,
newspapers, and publications. By the age of eighteen, Garvey had excelled to the point of making
himself the youngest publisher in Kingston Jamaica. Increasingly involved in the region, by 1907–
1908 Garvey led an unsuccessful printer's strike which led him to being increasingly involved in
labour, economics, and political issues in the

Kwame Nkrumah Primary Source Analysis
Primary Source Analysis
The need for the unification of Africa is the message that author Kwame Nkrumah is trying to
convey in his significant book "Africa Must Unite". All through this book, the author explains
different theories that were discussed in class and ways that the people back during that time could
do to bond together, and get Africa, and its people strong again, like creating a conventional
government and more. Through his elaborate syntax in this primary source, Nkrumah allows his
audience to fully see what he believes the people during that time, should go through, to get the
country of Africa to be great again. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main problem with this book is the expectation for an entire continent to unite. This is utterly
ridiculous of him to think. He has failed to answer questions that erupt like: "Who will lead?" ,
"What policies will be in place?" , "What language will be considered the national language?" etc.
Do not be mislead, Nkrumah did speak a little on policy, but for his idea to work, he must be way
more detailed. He also believes all of Africa should cut all ties with outside nation. This is a terrible
and selfish idea. It is true some of the small nations may benefit if the more developed nations
would cut ties with countries outside of Africa. However, It is ignorant to ask a small developed
nation to cut its ties to a larger power to try to connect with its smaller underdeveloped sister
nations. It is reasonable to assume these wealthier nations, are receiving money, and security from
these powers. They have nothing to gain from dropping ties with powers, except risk of an economic
depression. Ironically, a better way for him to unite is to keep ties to large powers. Some of the
small under developed nations should definitely unite with developed sister nations; However,
instead of asking the developed nations to cease connections with the large powers, the under
developed nations should join the connection in hopes to soon be large to gain

The Civil Rights Movement In Pan-Africanism And Black Power
Black power is the result of provoking a century's worth of submission, struggle and suffering. For
many, America was considered divided between the whites and blacks, which caused protest from
the African Americans due to the racial inequality. For the past century, blacks have led passive
protest with little or no change to their well being. Black power aims to change that, one of their
core ideology is that Blacks must unite without the help of whites to face racism while not standing
idle and using any means necessary. Black power stems from the influences of Pan–Africanism and
Black empowerment while also going against the core ideas present in Civil Rights Movement like
the nonviolence movement. The Black power protesters wanted separation from the whites which is
similar to the Pan–Africanism movement proposed by Marcus Garvey. Marcus Garvey is an
advocate for black nationalism and was a leader in the Pan–Africanism movement. Marcus
supported the idea of going "Back to Africa" which was what the Pan–Africanism movement was all
about. Garvey even founded a steamship company called Black Star Line with black officers and
crew. Comparatively, Black Power also has a strong stance on the "Back to Africa" as Bayard Rustin
says in "Black Power" and Coalition Politics, "...Negroes are once again turning to nationalistic
slogans, with "black power" affording the same emotional release as "Back to Africa"... did in
earlier periods of frustration and hopelessness". This shows

Disadvantages And Disadvantages Of Anodized Cookware
Anodizing is an industrial process applied to metals to make them harder and more resistant to
corrosion. Metals gradually degrade when in contact with moisture and when exposed to air, a
process known as oxidation. They form an oxide layer which is softer than the metal and can easily
be peeled away either mechanically, like when it rusts, or chemically, such as when it combines with
other substances such as strong acids and bases.
Anodization takes advantage of this process by treating the oxidized surface of the metal with
electric current forming a hard surface that is resistant to manual or chemical corrosion. However,
this explanation is too simplified and the actual chemical process is far more complex. Anodization
technology has grown ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The melting point of aluminium (1221 degrees Fahrenheit) is much higher than that typically found
in the kitchen, making these pots a logical choice for intensive cooking environments.
Easy To Maintain
Hard anodized kitchenware does not require intense cleaning and will usually be cleaned
satisfactorily in soap and water. It is dishwasher safe on its own, although handles and the rivets that
attach them may not withstand harsh dishwashing detergents depending on the material they are
made of. This makes anodized cookware a favorite for regular cooks as well as professional chefs.
Non–Toxic
The process of anodizing creates a tough, strong, non–reactive layer which solves the problem of
possible toxicity. Most of the anodized pots and pans are made of aluminium as the base. On its
own, aluminium is a soft metal and reacts easily with food which means it will be ingested leading
to health problems. Anodized cookware is a better option compared to plain aluminium.
Disadvantages Of Using Hard Anodized Cookware
Expensive
Anodized cookware is a superior cooking material but it doesn't come cheap. With increased
improvements in anodization technology, anodized cookware gets even more expensive by the

Si Usted Quiere Saber Como Bajar
Si usted quiere saber como bajar de peso en 15 dias debe de seguir estos principios basicos para
conseguirlo.En primer lugar, tiene que limitar o eliminar por completo el consumo de alimentos
ricos en grasas. La carne y las verduras son preferibles a ebullición y cocine a fuego lento en lugar
de freír. Aderezo de mayonesa como una mejor bajo en grasa crema agria sustituto. Las papas,
cereales y pasta para comer en la mañana y en la noche es mejor dar preferencia a yogur bajo en
grasa y mariscos, verduras. Carne asimiló rápidamente con guarnición de verduras.
En lugar de dulce se puede comer plátanos, naranjas y otras frutas y bayas. Usted puede beber un
vino seco con una rebanada de chocolate negro (80% de cacao). Además, debe beber mucha agua.
Usted no debe cargar en la noche, y lo más importante – es necesario para mantener la actividad
física. Si desea deshacerse de libras adicionales para siempre, adquirir el hábito de estas reglas
simples.
Además de estas reglas hay muchas dietas que aplicandolas podra peder peso en 15 dias.
Como bajar de peso en 15 dias? Lista de las mejores dietas
Dieta 1: Sopa de dieta dieta de la sopa tiene ventajas obvias: no hay límites de la cantidad de
alimentos, y por lo tanto no se siente hambre. La combinación de líquidos tibios y cálido en el frío.
receta especial sopa para adelgazar ingredientes: cebolla – 6 piezas; Col – 1 cabeza; Tomates – 2–3
piezas; apio verde – 1 manojo; pimiento verde – 2 piezas. Preparación: Lavar y cortar las

The African Struggle Over Time
The African struggle over time has been a topic discussed by many scholars. In Walter Rodney's,
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, he approaches the issue of how Africa's power was stolen
from them. Rodney focuses on the relationship between Africa and Europe and the effects of
exploitation on the African people by, "reinforcing the conclusion that African development is
possible only on the basis of a radical break with the international capitalist system." The tone in
which the book is wrote uses Marxism, which can be controversial, to focus more on economic and
political theories. Rodney argues that if it wasn't for this exploitation, African societies would not be
impoverished today. Six chapters are used to explain the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In Chapter three Rodney focuses on the colonial period in which Africa helped develop the capitalist
progression in Europe. "Colonialism was not merely a system of exploitation but one whose
essential purpose was to repatriate the profit to the so called mother land," states Rodney. Chapter
four gives an historical background of Africa in 1885 and emphasizes on the value that came from
the enslavement of Africans. This time period holds a major significance to the underdevelopment of
Africa because of the Berlin conference. Africa was then divided up due to the scramble in which
Europeans fought over power. The fifth chapter argues that colonialism was the main factor in
underveloping Africa as a whole. Rodney argues that colonialism only did one thing, and that was
steal Africa's resources and strip them of their land. Europeans took so much from the Africans and
made sure to give nothing back which explains the type of relationship they had. In chapter six,
Rodney argues against past scholars who believed that colonialism had valuable outcomes in the
end. The author shows how the economic and political state Africa was left robbed due to
colonialism, he then provides strategies to fight against the underdevelopment. It is clear that that
Rodney is pushing his audience to understand that Europe should be held

Crying Of The Soul By William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
Crying of The Soul
"How hard a thing is life to the lowly, and get how human and real!" W.E.B. Du Bois. Ghana Calls
is a Poem written by William Edward Burghardt Du Bois. He is also formally known as W.E.B. Du
Bois. "He has been referred to as the father of the civil rights movement and as a historian, a
sociologist, a scholar, a teacher, a novelist, and a journalist"(Hufford D 1997). This poem was
dedicated to Kwame Nkrumah. Kwame Nkrumah was the Ghanaian leader who declared Ghana
independence from Great Britain (UK). Many of W.E.B. Du Bois literary work was devoted to
issues associated with the people of African descent from America and Africa as well. In the poem
Mr W.E.B. Du Bois wrote on how it felt growing up in Ghana Africa through the eyes of a child
having a dream. The depiction of the dream gave details of the soul of one Ghanaian and the issues
of the place they call home. W.E.B. Du Bois used imagery, personification and other literary devices
in Ghana Calls to engage the reader on what he is trying to convey in his writing.
W.E.B Du Bois used imagery in the poem. Imagery adds intensity to convey the portrait that the
reader wants to paint in the poem. To add a visual picture of the land in the boy's dream Du Bois
wrote "Covered in ashes, chained with pain"(Ghana Calls Line 22). "Streaming with blood, in horror
lain"(Ghana Calls, line 23). As in lines " I rolled in war and pestilence, war again"(Ghana

The Pan African Significance Of The Obama Administration
The Pan–African significance of the Obama administration, Obama the offspring of a Kenyan
engulfed in a bi–racial reality (thus rendering him sensitive to multiculturalism) who fulfills the
dream of an oppressed people, has been the perceived unification of both the African continent and
the diaspora. However, the term Pan–Africanism comes to stir strong feedback because there is no
consensual agreement on what it is. W.E.B. DuBois, in the 1930s, defined Pan–Africanism as a
movement aimed at an intellectual understanding and cooperation among all groups of African
descent in order to bring about "the industrial and spiritual emancipation of the Negro people.""
Other definitions have come in the form of "self–government by African countries south of the
Sahara," "the economic, social, and cultural development of the continent, the avoidance of conflict
among African states, the promotion of African unity and influence in world affairs," and a personal
favorite, "a struggle in which Africans and others of African blood have been engaged since their
contact with modern Europe." Although none of these definitions are entirely accurate they,
together, frame my understanding of Pan–Africanism as a political movement and philosophical
tradition founded on African pride, a consciousness of the past, and a desired unification of
continental Africans and all who identify with the diaspora; seeing Africa (and its descendents) as
one body even in the presence of differing people,

Capitalism Is A System Of Economic Enterprise Based On...
Capitalism is a system of economic enterprise based on market exchange. The concise definition
from the oxford dictionary is a system of wage–labour and commodity production for sale,
exchange and profit, rather than for the immediate need of the producers'. The word Capital refers to
wealth or money used to invest in a market with the hope of achieving a profit. In other words,
Capitalism is often described as an economic system in which the means of production and
distribution are privately or corporately owned and development occurs through the accumulation
and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.
Capitalist beliefs have been used as early as the 18th century specifically during the Scramble of
Africa. The Scramble of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whereas Africans believed in collectivism which is the theory and practice of the ownership of land
by the means of production by the people or the state. To the Europeans Africa was underdeveloped,
slow and not conscious of all of the resources that were assessable. Ultimately, The Europeans use
of capitalism in Africa led to the depletion of Africa's natural resources and the principle of
domination. The dominant group (Europeans) had power over the subordinate group (Africans). The
dominate group marginalized the Africans by confining them to a lower or outer limit of social
standing so that the Africans could stay oppressed.
Due to the Europeans use of capitalism, domination, and colonization people of the African
Diaspora have been oppressed for generation after generations by the exploitation of their resources
and the belief of having no culture. Black elites such as W.E.B Dubois, Marcus Garvey and Walter
Rodney all appropriated strategies for black advancement. But despite such efforts all of their
ideologies for black advancement differentiated in numerous ways. Dubois, Garvey and Rodney
were the voices of the black movement around the world.
For instance, W.E.B Dubois strongly believed that capitalism was the primary cause of racism.
Dubois was a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and Pan–Africanist. He examined the
geopolitical shifts in Europe, its colonies, as well as

Pan Africanism

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