Richard II's Failures as King of England

King Richard II Essay
Richard II was a king of England, but his failures attracted more interests from different parties. Most of the other rulers renowned in the world
have fame for being successful in their rule. However, Richard II was known for his failures and inadequacies during his rule. Richard was king
when he was nine years but since there was no regency, his uncle, John of Gaunt, dominated his control when he was young. However, during
Richard II's rule, there was erupt of the French war. The war was spreading at a high rate, and the effects were seen all over the nation. There were
poor royal finances, and they could not satisfy the needs of the armies during the war (Lebow, 2017). In 1381, Peasant's Revolt also happened as the
king imposed a third poll... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the parliament got infuriated by his decision of choosing a favorite one Robert De Vere who was the Earl of Oxford and made him the
duke of Ireland. Richard II was aware of the challenges that his leadership faced but was not willing to implement the right measures that could make
the nation a better. In most cases, the cases that came up in his government but solutions offered to the legal arguments were done by force (Charlton,
Tonks, Mclelland, Coats,Thompson, Sims & Saeed, 2016). After the defeat of De Vere at the Radcot Bridge, Richard was defenseless. By 1387, there
were some of his opponents who felt that Richard II was worth being replaced by another person who understood the needs of the citizens. It was in
1388 when the Merciless Parliament purged the government. The parliament used power to ensure that the government was impeached mainly those
people that were Richard's favorites operating in the state. The event angered Richard II so that he was determined to revenge and ensures that those
who had conducted the operations faced his wrath. His angered led to more issues that resulted in the failure of his
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Europe, Ireland and the wider world I: Renaissance to...
Europe, Ireland and the wider world I: Renaissance to Enlightenment, 1350 – 1750: HI2102
What were the main causes of the Flight of the Earls?
On the 14th of September in the year 1607 the Earl of Tyrone Hugh O'Neill and the Earl of Tyrconnel Rory O'Donnell fled Ireland alongside officials,
their families and numerous Gaelic chieftains. They left Ireland from Rathmullen in County Donegal. This flee was to become known as the flight of the
Earls. They arrived in the Spanish Netherlands and then eventually made their way to Rome. The Flight of the Earls led to the most drastic form of the
British government's policy of plantation in Ireland. The Flight of the Earls has remained as one of the most memorable events in the history of Ireland.
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In September 1600 a Spanish fleet which had been sent by Philip of Spain to help the Irish struggle landed in Kinsale in County Cork. Mountjoy
and his forces however took siege against the Spanish armada. O'Neill then took to march from the north of Ireland all the way to the far south,
Kinsale, in order to quell the siege. This battle came to be known as the Battle of Kinsale which occurred on the 24th of December 1600. The battle
was particularly bloody and led to the defeat of the Irish. After the battle Red Hugh O'Donnell left Ireland with the Spanish whilst Hugh O'Neill went
back to Ulster. The Battle of Kinsale brought with it the beginning of the end of the old Gaelic order.
The Earls in Ireland suffered such a great loss in this Battle of Kinsale, a loss which set in motion the decline of the power of the Earls in Ireland
and which ultimately played a hand in the cause of the flight of the earls. Irish losses in the Battle of Kinsale were believed to be between 1000 and
1200. The fact that Ireland had help in this particular battle, with the Spanish aid, showed the Irish Earls that they could not defeat the English
battalions even with help which would provide a major loss in confidence in the effort to rid Ireland of the English crown. The defeat at Kinsale led
to the signing of the Treaty of Mellifont in 1603 which effectively signalled the end of the Nine years war. When the Battle of Kinsale ended Hugh
O'Neil and Rory O'Donnell fled

How Have Castles Changed Over Time
Castles are huge, strong houses, where kings and lords once lived with their families, soldiers and servants. They were built to provide safety from
attack and to display the owner's wealth. The first proper castles were built in England after the Norman Conquest in 1066. They were introduced by
William the Conqueror, when he invaded England from his homeland in France. Castle designs have changed over history. This is because of changes
in technology over time. The first castles were simply 'mounds' of earth, and medieval castle designs improved on these basics – adding ditches in the
Bailey design, which is the name given to the lay out of the castle. In Goodrich Castle the great hall was an important status symbol. Its cheer size and
The earliest Motte and Bailey castles were simply a wooden blockhouse placed on a mound. The rapid construction of the Motte and Bailey castles
enabled the Normans to control the conquered English.
In the 12th century Goodrich Castle, was replaced with stone. This decreased the level of destruction during wars. As a development of Stone Keep
castles, concentric castles were built from 1250 onwards. The concentric design was copied from the castles in the Middle East; knowledge and
understanding of design and structure came into England through returning crusaders (soldiers) during the 1200's.
The castles were built to demonstrate the strong bond between the King and his nobility. They were seen as a reflection of a more stable and secure
society with respect for law and the authority of the government.
The castle was owned by many rich men. In 1086 the castle was owned by Godric Mappestone. In 1204 king John gave Goodrich castle to William
Marshall, he built towers and more walls. Then the castle and earldom was passed to William de Valence, the husband of Marshall's niece and
half–brother to Henry III. Now it's in hands of the English

King Lear vs the Stone Angel Blindness
Blindness; a flaw with insight` It was once said, "What you lose in blindness is the space around you, the place where you are, and without that you
might not exist. You could be nowhere at all."(Kingslover) This is a quote that can relate the characters in The Stone Angel and King Lear. In the
tragedy King Lear, written by William Shakespeare and in the novel The Stone Angel, written by Margaret Laurence, the term blindness has an entirely
different meaning. It is not a physical flaw, but the inability of the characters to use their thoughts and emotions to see a person for whom they truly
are. King Lear, Gloucester, and Hagar are prime examples of characters that suffered most by having this flaw. Nevertheless, from this blindness...
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Alone, Lear is isolated from his family, his power and starts to go mad. Gloucester, much like Lear is isolated from the only son that truly loves him,
the legimate Edgar. In addition Gloucester is isolated from the truth, which Edmund hides. Edmund manipulates Gloucester to believe " It is in his
hands my lord, but I hope his heart is not in the contents"(I.ii. 67–68), Edgar's hands that is, that wrote a letter plotting to kill Gloucester. Edmund also
convinces Gloucester to leave the castle, and when Gloucester does leave he too is alone and isolated. After John dies, Hagar once again does not
cry. She feels she must not only bear the pain alone, but that she cannot allow herself to be comforted by others. A matron puts her arm around her
and says, "Cry. Let yourself. It's the best thing." In response, Hagar remembers, I shoved her arm away. I straightened my spine and that was the
hardest thing I've ever had to do in my entire life, to stand straight then. I wouldn't cry in front of strangers, whatever it might cost me (Laurence
242) When she got home, Hagar found that she was not able to cry. "The night my son died I was transformed to stone and never wept at all" (243).
Her pride leads her to become isolated, she never wants anyone to comfort, or help her. In addition, in the hospital Doris tells Hagar about an old
friend and "I never realized until this moment how cut off I am." (294), is the

Douglas Haig Significance
In this essay I will be exploring whether Douglas Haig played a significant role during World War One. I will argue that Haig was quite significant,
however some things that he did overpower peoples views of him as a vertus leader – The Somme.
The issue of Douglas Haig's role as a British general during WorldWar One, during the Battle of the Somme in 1916, leading the BEF (British
Expeditionary Force) at the start of the war and his many other roles, has been thoroughly questioned by many historians to date. Through different
views and opinions, Haig's skills have been both celebrated and criticised; over the years he has been viewed as both "Architect of Victory and the
Butcher of the Somme", with much evidence supporting both arguments. His role my opinion I believe that Douglas Haig did play a slightly
significant role during World War and that people overlook some of his great things.
The majority of people seem to support the idea of Haig being a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By using the Naval forces strategically, Britain was capable of causing heavy damage to Germany's infrastructure and forces. By applying this
Blockade over Germany, their living standards fell dramatically and many who have looked into this topic agree that it was the role of the Blockades
that was the most significant during WWI. For example, when being encompassed by British ships, the average calorie intake for a German decreased
to 1000 according to the National Archives; the Germans suffered over 700,000 wartime casualties due to the increasing starvation. Although the
blockade made an important contribution to the Allied victory, many of its devastating side effects casted a long looming shadow over post–war
German Society. However it brought both sides closer to the end hence how the Navy remain to have played a very significant role during World War

How Did Godwin Rise To Power
Godwin was born in 1001 in Sussex to Wulfnoth, Thegn of Sussex.
Godwin's rise to power was rapid. In 1017, when King Cnut created the English Earldoms, Godwin became the Earl of Wessex. Two years later he
went with Cnut on a visit to Denmark, where Cnut was so impressed by Godwin that he arranged for him to marry Gytha, sister of Ulf.They had
several children: Swegen, Tostig, Harold, Gyrth and Edith. By the time Edward the Confessor became king in 1042 he was the most powerful Earl in
Anglo–Saxon England. King Edward married Edith in order to keep Godwin loyal to him and his sons became Earls (Swegen became the Earl of
Hereford, Gloucester and Oxford and Harold became the Earl of East Anglia). He also had a nephew (Beorn) who was Earl of Hertforshire

Henry Viii 's Second Pregnancy
February of 1518 brought with it the announcement of a royal pregnancy. Catherine of Aragon, Henry VIII's first wife, announced her sixth
pregnancy[]. Not unlike her previous five pregnancies, this one was greeted with as much, if not more caution than excitement. Henry VIII wanted
nothing more than to produce a son to carry on his name and to continue the Tudor dynasty, and until this point, he and Catherine had not been granted
that luxury. After two stillborns, two infant deaths, and the birth of one daughter, Mary, the hope that Henry VIII andCatherine of Aragon would
produce a son was all but diminished. That hope was not soon restored, as Catherine delivered a girl on the Tenth of November in 1518, and the infant
died within hours of her birth.
Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon had often been described as "unusually good" by the people they interacted with in daily life[]. They
slept together often, they spent a lot of time together outside of their regular royal duties, and they seemed to get along together quite well. However,
not unlike most kings in that time, Henry VIII did carry on affairs with other women. His most notable affair while married to Catherine was with
Elizabeth Blount, who was a lady in waiting to the Queen. While most of Henry's affairs were short lived, his relationship with Elizabeth Blount lasted
close to eight years []. In June of 1519, Blount gave birth to healthy boy, and the boy was named Henry.
Although Henry VIII had

Coming to Vinland
By 879 AD, Guthrum's remaining army left Wessex, some following him to his Kingdom and some leaving to life a more settled life in Northumbria
in York. Some assembled on the Thames to form a new army to return to the European continent to begin new campaigns and take advantage of the
political turmoil in Francia with the death of King Charles the Bald (Charles II) in 877 AD. Although with the treaty in place between King Alfred of
Wessex and King Guthrum of the Danelaw, Alfred was saved any major conflicts but still had to deal with the occasional Viking raid here and there
upon his kingdom. Alfred had reorganized his army, rebuilt and built new defenses around the countryside and a navy. Peace between the Danelaw and
Wessex continued until in 884 AD, when King Guthrum of the Danelaw attacked Wessex. Alfred defeated him and made a peace agreement that was
outlined in the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum. This peace treaty formally drew the boundaries of the Danelaw and allowed for Danish self–rule in that
region. In November 885 AD, a Viking named Rollo (HrГіlfr, possibly Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf the Walker)) was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking
fleet which besieged Paris under the leadership of Sigfred. The Vikings initially demanded a ransom, but the Count of Paris, Odo denied it to them,
even though he could only muster a few hundred soldiers to defend the city. However, even though the Vikings used a variety siege engines, they failed
to breach the Parisian Walls.

The Five Stages Of Grief
The five stages of grief according to Linda Pastan are denial, Acceptance, Bargaining, anger and depression, these poem was written in the year 1978
by Linda Pastan. She was born in May 27 1932. She was a poet and novelist, she lived in New York City. This poem 'the five stages of grief is
self–explanatory, it talks about the stages a person goes through when they lose someone or something they lose. Grief of Mind is a poem written by
Edward Dave about grief which is the theme of five stages of grief. The song" Chasing Pavement' by Adele also has traces of grief and also portrays
the same message which is the denial, acceptance, bargaining anger and depression as the poem. Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci is also a painting that
portrays on dying love and grief over a loved one. All four pieces of literature/art have a tenebrous setting. In her book The Five Stages of Grief,
Linda Pastan combines concrete and delicate imagery as she records her feelings about the steps in the gradual acceptance of death. Each stage is
represented by its own group of poems; each group has its unique voice, speech, and dimension of feeling. Although the images peculiar to the
different stages do lie over something else, they are utilized in different contexts and so stimulates varying emotions. The book cover shows a
winding staircase whose upper steps cannot be seen, though the balcony is in partial view and the lower steps are in full view. The reader is invited to
ascend in

Edward the Confessor as a Failure Essay
Edward the Confessor as a Failure During Edward's the Confessor's reign from 1042–1066, Edward faced many problems. According to Stafford, some
of the problems had no obvious solutions. Some historians argue that Edward was a failure as he was unable to deal with the power of the Godwine,
and was even less successful with the power of Harold and thirdly, he was unable to solve the problem of the succession issue according to Barlow as
he shows that there were no contemporary sources that show Edward dealing with the succession, in the latter part of his reign. Evidence shown from
historians that Edward had an inconsistent policy towards the succession issue. The Norman sources and English sources... Show more content on
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This shows Edward as a successful as he defended his kingdom from Swein invading. There is also evidence from Barlow that "Edward always
took command whenever possible of an invasion. Edward provides training of his navy and he gave it leadership when danger threatened."
According to Barlow, Edward was able to deal with the foreign policy going worse. Edward was able to stop William from forming an alliance
with Flanders. The reason why he does this was because then that would mean they would share maritime power, meaning that they could help
Swein, Magnus or Harold Hardrada from invading England. Edward forms an alliance with William, meaning that William will not be able to form
an alliance with Flanders. Therefore this shows that Edward was a success as he was defending his kingdom from any external enemies. This view of
Edward is agreed by other historians such as the Vita, ASC and Ailred. Also according to Snorri Sturluson he says that Edward was 'nicknamed
Edward the Good, which describes him wellГўв‚¬В¦By the English he is regarded as a saint." According to Barlow, Edward had no ambition to widen
his empire his policy towards Scotland and Wales, like his Scandinavian policy, was purely defensive. Schama supports this view as he mentions that
Edward was concerned with defending western borders of Mercia and Wessex against expansion of the Welsh princes. Due to all these historians

Essay The Theme of Blindness in King Lear
The Theme of Blindness in King Lear
In the tragedy King Lear, the term blindness has an entirely different meaning. It is not a physical flaw, but the inability of the characters to see a
person for whom they truly are. They can only read what is presented to them on the surface. King Lear, Gloucester and Albany are three prime
examples characters who suffered most by having this flaw.
Lear was by far the blindest of the three. Because Lear was the King, one would expect him to have superb reasoning skills, but his lack of insight
kept him from making wise choices. This is the flaw that led to his downfall.
Lear's first big mistake was letting himself be fooled by Regan and Goneril, and giving them his throne. For they did not ... Show more content on
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As the play progressed Lear's sanity went downhill, but his vision became clearer. When Goneril and Regan would not provide him with shelter during
a furious storm, Lear realized that they were the daughters who did not love him. He also began to understand the words of Cordelia from the beginning
of the play, he realized that she loved him too much to put into words.
When Lear and Cordelia finally reunited near the end of the play, Lear expressed his sorrow for what he had done. "You must bear with me, I pray you
now, forget and forgive:/ I am old an foolish." ( 4, 7. 82 ) But it was too late, Lear's rashness and inability to see clearly had already cost him, and
Cordelia their lives.
Lear was not the only character to suffer from blindness, Gloucester too, had lack of insight. He could not see the goodness of his son Edgar, and the
wickedness of Edmund. A forged letter was the only evidence needed to convince Gloucester that Edgar was plotting to kill him. Immediately after
reading the letter Gloucester screams in a rage;
"O villain, villain! His very opinion in the/ letter! Abhorred villain! Unatural, delested, brutish/ villain! Worse than brutish! Go, sirrah, seek him; I'll
/ apprehend him. Abominable villain! Where is he?" (1, 2. 75–78 )
He did not even stop to consider if Edgar were capable of doing such a thing.
Ironically, it is not until Gloucester loses his physical sight, when his vision becomes clear. He finds out that it was

Queen Elizabeth I : The Life Of Queen Elizabeth I
Queen Elizabeth I "I known I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a king of England, too,
and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any Prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm" (Huso). This quote said by
Queen Elizabeth shows that she is a confident woman that is not to be messed with. Looking at Elizabeth's, early life to becoming the virgin queen
and finally the battles that she fought, one will see what makes up the rememberable Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth's parents made a huge impact in her
life. Henry VIII was the king of England at the time of Elizabeth's birth. Henry married his second wife, Anne Boleyn, looking to have a son with her
but instead had Elizabeth (Huso). Anne Boleyn was the mother of Elizabeth till 1536 when Anne was beheaded to make room for the kings third wife,
Jane Seymour ("Elizabeth I" Encyclopedia). With the death of her mother, Elizabeth was raised by her four stepmothers ("Elizabeth I"UXL). Before
Elizabeth became queen, her siblings got their shot at ruling. Elizabeth's half–brother, Edward VI, became king in 1547 but later died six years later
("Elizabeth I"UXL). Mary I came to the throne in 1553 after the death of Edward VI and changed the country from Protestantism to Catholic
("Elizabeth I" Encyclopedia). Mary I then died in late 1558 and the throne became Elizabeth's ("Elizabeth I" Encyclopedia). Elizabeth is one of the
most educated queens in

Scottish Recruitment
In 1296, Scotland was unprepared for war. Occasionally described as prefeudal in nature, Scottish recruitment was based on the idea of 'free service'
and 'Scottish service' . 'Free service' referred to the 'free men' of Scotland such as Barons, Knights and the lesser nobility or 'free men' who were
equipped and mounted according to their rank. 'Scottish service' was used to indicate able–bodied men from Earldoms north of the Forth who did not
hold lands or significant resources. England was much more prepared for war, with their army being recruited under instructions of the Great Seal.
This often left the Scottish forces using guerrilla warfare to combat their enemies. It is therefore no surprise that Wallace began hismilitary career with

Feudalism: A Military Based Society
The system of feudalism was a way that everyone could get the things they needed through mutual relationships. Feudalism worked because of the
loyalty of the people and the influential church. Furthermore, the manor also contributed to supporting feudalism. Each and every role was important in
this system and it wouldn't have worked without the farmers. Feudalism is a military based society that has mutualistic relationships which help the
people meet their needs and this system would not work without the roles of peasants. Feudalism was a system where everyone relied on each other
through trust, loyalty, and different social classes. It was created when Germanic tribes made the Roman Empire fall. Germanic culture did not have a
written language and most of Rome's learning, science, and technology was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The king has everything, but he must keep his respect and all his things. The king needed loyal people to work the land and he also needed an army
to protect the land. The king expected his lord to supply him with a great army, in return from the king giving the lord land (Biel 9). The king had an
official/sheriff put together a small army of knights that helped fulfill the king's wishes throughout the kingdom. The sheriffs also collected a type of
income tax for the King which helped the king fiance the armies that protected his kingdom (Biel 18). The King was the highest rank and he provided
land for his vassals. The king divided his whole kingdom into 50–60 fiefs and his role was to give out land (Biel 9). The kingdoms were divided into
duchies, earldoms, or countries, for the king's vassals. Their land was then divided into smaller fiefs again and again until the lowest rank got land
(Biel 10). The king was the highest rank and he had everything, but he also had to keep his people's loyalty and everything he

Kidnapped By Robert Louis Stevenson
In 18th–century Britain, the kidnapping of an aristocratic boy by the name of James Annesley thoroughly captivated the public's attention. James was
the legitimate heir to the wealthy house of Annesley, but was only twelve–years–old when he was kidnapped by his uncle, shipped to America, and
sold into indentured servitude. James spent twelve years in servitude until he finally escaped and returned to Ireland to reclaim his birthright. His story,
riddled with betrayal and bravery, inspired many fictional works, including the famous novel, Kidnapped, by Robert Louis Stevenson. Birthright: The
True Story That Inspired Kidnapped, written by A. Roger Ekirch and published in 2010, is the historical account of that kidnapping. Ekirch wrote...
Lord Altham was advised to marry a good woman if he wished to "inherit the titles and entailed estates of his elder cousin, the Earl of Anglesea"
(Ekirch 50). The baron did so soon after. He married a woman by the name of Sally Gregory in 1722. Sally Gregory was cruel to Jemmy and
beatings were commonplace. Although Lord Altham insisted his son would one day succeed him as Earl of Anglesea, there were rumors that
Gregory planned to start a new family with the baron and leave Jemmy out of his rightful inheritance. Due to the insistence of Gregory, Jemmy was
sent away and forced to live on the streets and perform odd jobs for money. He was eventually taken in by a good–hearted butcher and his family, but it
was not before long that trouble began to stir. While James was away, his father died rather suddenly and mysteriously. Right before his death, Lord
Altham "reportedly asked for God's forgiveness for having 'wronged' his son" (Ekirch 60). His guilt towards James was probably due to the
banishment of the boy, as well as bastardizing him temporarily as part of a financial stunt. Due to the symptoms and spontaneity of the death, Ekirch
suspected possible foul play. The biggest suspect was Richard Annesley, Lord Altham's little brother. Richard and Altham had a very tumultuous
relationship with a history of discord and numerous quarrels over inheritance. While there were no suspicions at the time and no proof now,

Richard 3rd Comparison
Richard III Act questions
Act III 1. Compare Hastings' speech in III, iv, 48–53 with his speech in III, iv, 95–100. What has Hastings realized by the end of the scene?
Hastings speeches compared show Hastings realizations that of Richards plan. In lines 48–52, Hastings believes he can read Richard like a book, as he
is in a good mood, he says "I think there's never a man in Christendom Can lesser hide his love or hate than he, For by his face straight shall you know
his heart". By this we see that Hastings is in belief that him and Richard are great friends, and that nothing is 'on his mind'. By lines 95–100, Hastings
has been ordered to be beheaded by Richard as he believes him to be a traitor. As Hastings is about to be gone, he... Show more content on
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He asks for the earldom of Hereford, to which Richard changes the subject. 4. Do you agree or disagree with Margaret's idea of retributive justice and
why?
Must death be answered by death or is there another way justice can come about?
In modern times, I do not believe in retributive justice. I believe that death can be solved by jail time, these people who are in jail may rather be
dead, so why give them the satisfaction? Justice can now come about by the perpetrator being put into a jail cell and the victims family being greatful
they're locked away to think about that they have done. Although, I do believe in the times Margaret lived, death may have been a form of justice as
the jails may not have been as secure, or the penalties not as harsh. 5. Do you think Richard's arguments to get Elizabeth to woo her daughter in his
name work? Why or why not?
Richard III significant quotes
Act III
1. "Sweet Prince, the untainted virtue of your years Hath not yet dived into the world's deceit; Nor more can you distinguish of a man Than of his
outward show, which, God he knows, Seldom or never jumpeth with the heart." (III, i, 7–11)
Richard is talking to the prince about how he is only a child, and his eyes are not open to the trickery of the world. He explains to the prince that what
someone shows or says to you, may not be what

Essay on William the Conqueror
William I became known as William the Conqueror through his will and determination. William gained power through his father and soon he
climbed high enough to conquer England and become its new king. William was born in 1028 at Falaise Castle. He was the son of Robert the Duke
of Normandy and Herleve, the daughter of a tanner in Falaise. Robert was said to have caught sight of Herleve while she was washing her linens in
the castle moat. William's father went on a pilgrimage in 1034 to release his sins. While returning home from his journey, he died suddenly. Having no
other heir, William took his place as Duke ofNormandy. William had a hard time taking control. People constantly rebelled during his rule, and he
would have to learn ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the middle of September, England was invaded by Harold Hardrada, King of Norway. He was accompanied by Tostig, Earl of Northumbria,
Harold's unruly and discontented brother, who had earlier been banished and his earldom confiscated Harold went north to meet the invaders at
Stamford Bridge in Yorkshire, where he won a victory over the Viking army. The winds William had been waiting for turned favorable and he set
sail with his massive army. News of his landing at Pevensey was told to Harold, who responded by hurrying south to meet him, giving his exhausted
army no rest. If Harold had rested and reorganized his army, the outcome of the battle and English history could have been very different. On the 14th
of October, the Saxon and Norman forces clashed in the Battle of Hastings. Harold took up a defensive position on Senlac Ridge. The Norman army
was forced to attack uphill, placing them at a disadvantage. A rumor arose in the Norman ranks that William was dead, causing panic. Many of the
Saxon fyrdd pursued the fleeing Normans down the hill. William raised his armies morale by loudly announcing that he was still alive. The Normans
with new strength fought hard against the Saxons, Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine were both slain on the battlefield. The battle continued for
most of the

Cromwell's Responsibility For Expansions And Effectiveness...
Cromwell's Responsibility For Expansions And Effectiveness Of Government Between 1530 and 1539
The most influential and controversial thesis concerning Cromwell's role in the revolution in government in the 1530s was Elton's 'The Tudor
Revolution in Government'. In this work, Elton asses Cromwell "as the most remarkable revolutionary in English history.". Elton argued that Cromwell
seized the unique opportunity presented by Henry VIII's martial problems to turn England into a unified, independent sovereign state, ruled by a
constitutional monarch through national and bureaucratic institutions. This is certainly true to an extent however it could be argued that these changes
were reactionary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The appointments of both the Earl of Norfolk and Charles Brandon, Earl of Suffolk, seem indicative of a politically and religiously conservative
council. These facts obviously take responsibility for these changes away from Cromwell.
The importance of the executive Privvy Council is that it gave drive and continuity to royal government owing to the stability of its membership – no
longer did the impetus need to come from the monarch or chief minister. This would be particularly important after Cromwell's downfall in the
1540s, when Henry did not allow another Cromwell to emerge and his powers were failing, and even more after 1547 when Edward VI was a boy,
succeeded by two women. The Privvy Council took over responsibility for the executive. It had certainly taken over the management of the day–to–day
business on behalf of the monarch by Elizabeth's reign, but it is most doubtful that this occurred in the 1530s or that Cromwell planned it.
Several other objections have been raised to Elton's assessment of the development of the Privvy Council. Elton argued that Cromwell was able by "the
reorganisation of the haphazard medieval Council into a more formally constituted board of government; and by the promotion of the principal
secretary (himself)" to get himself appointed the chief executive and co–ordinating minister. Rather than judging it to be part of Cromwell's plan to

Corruption In I Claudius
I, Claudius is a fictional autobiography written in the voice of the fourth Roman Emperor, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus–Claudius for
short. The story recounts the period of the founding of the Roman Empire to the coronation of Claudius himself; but, as seen from the perspective of
Claudius–an adamant republican–the Roman Empire is one that is doomed to fall, prophesied by the Sibyl of Cumae, due to political instability and
dangerous power struggles. Similar to the Roman Empire of I, Claudius, the Britain of King Lear also falls into a state of political chaos akin to
anarchy; the sudden abdication of Lear and his senility ultimately bring about the unravelling of his family, followers, and kingdom. The following
power struggles in Rome and Britain lead to the corruption of many individuals in their respective time periods. Both I, Claudius by Robert Graves
and King Lear by William Shakespeare, set during times of political turbulence, suggest that the competition for and possession of power can corrupt
and alter individuals and society. Both works are set in times of political turbulence, times in which people would seize the opportunity to gain absolute
power or at least an upper hand over others. In I, Claudius, Livia, Claudius' grandmother, proves to be an incredibly ambitious woman, with the political
acumen to match. Before the birth of the Roman Empire, the Second Triumvirate, consisting of Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (at that time),
ruled the

King Lear by William Shakespeare
Blindness is a theme that we see throughout King Lear in many characters including King Lear, Gloucester and Albany. Although blindness is a
theme it is also a psychological metaphor and can be defined as not having sight.2 Shakespeare forces us to see that being blind is a mental flaw
just as much as it is a physical flaw. Lear is not only metaphorically blind but is also blind toward nastiness and loyalty . We see Gloucester's blindness
in more literal terms as he is literally blind but he can still see, and Albany has a more common form of blindness, as he is blind to his wife. These
characters are only able to see after a tragic loss.
However the person in the play that is more significantly blind is King Lear. His role was to distinguish between good and evil, but due to his in
ability to see he is not able to do just so. Lear's first encounter with blindness was at the beginning of the play when he was fooled by his two older
daughters lies and was not able to see the true love that Cordelia had for him, resulting in King Lear banishing her from his kingdom. As shown in
the play "for we have no such daughter, nor shall ever see that face again. Therefore be gone without our grace, our love, our benison" (1.1. 265–267).3
King Lear's blindness also lead to the banishing of Kent, because Kent saw the true love Cordelia had for her father and was trying to protect her
from his irrationality. Kent then disguised himself and was hired as a servant by King Lear. This proves

The Revolutionary Policies of Henry VIII Essay
The Revolutionary Policies of Henry VIII
Henry was a supreme egotist. He advanced personal desires under the guise of public policy or moral right, forced his ministers to pay extreme
penalties for his own mistakes, and summarily executed many with little excuse. In his later years he became grossly fat, paranoid, and unpredictable.
Nonetheless he possessed considerable political insight, and he provided England with a visible and active national leader.
Although Henry seemed to dominate his Parliaments, the importance of that institution increased significantly during his reign. Other advances made
during his reign were the institution of an effective navy and the beginnings of social and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began life as a second son, destined for the church. It was the dream of Henry VII for his eldest son, Arthur, to be king and for his second son,
Henry, to be the highest churchman in England. And so, for the first ten years of his life, Henry was a student of theology. And for the next thirty
years of his life, he remained a dutiful son of the church. It is ironic, then that his most significant historical achievement was the destruction of the
Roman Catholic faith in England. The most prominent casualty of Henry's break with Rome was Thomas Wolsey. Wolsey became Archbishop of
York in 1514; in 1515 the Pope made him a Cardinal and Henry appointed him Chancellor, the highest political office in England. The title of papal
legate, granted in 1518, made him the effective head of the English Church. The son of an Ipswich butcher, Wolsey was the richest and most powerful
man in England after the King. However, he could not impose Henry's will on the Pope. In retaliation, Henry had him convicted of 'praemunire' –
overriding civil law with church law – and confiscated his assets. He died in 1530 while facing an additional charge of treason.
His secretary, the Protestant reformer Thomas Cromwell, succeeded him. Cromwell reorganised the government, the Church and the map of Wales,
replacing the Principality and the Earldom of March with Standard English counties. His

Examples Of Blindness In King Lear
Shakespeare often used metaphors as a way to develop the fate of his characters. His play, King Lear, is no exception. To Shakespeare, blindness isn't
just the physical inability to see. Rather it is also a mental flaw one possesses. Gloucester is a prime example of this metaphorical blindness. Both, King
Lear and Gloucester, share a parallel blindness towards their children. Gloucester's metaphorical blindness deprived him of the ability to see his two
sons, Edmund and Edgar, for who they really are. Edmund had convinced his father that Edgar was plotting to kill him by forging a letter. Gloucester
was visionless to the fact that Edmund may just be after his earldom. He believed Edmund and wanted Edgar disowned and dead. His inability ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During Edmund's scheme of manipulating everyone to believe Edgar wanted to kill their father, Edgar runs away. Fearing for his life, he takes on
the homeless persona as "Poor Tom". Meanwhile, Gloucester has his eyes gouged out as Edmund continues to scheme with King Lear's evil
daughters. While on a physically blind trip to Dover, Poor Tom saves Gloucester from committing suicide. Once they get to Dover, tragedy ensues
and only then does Gloucester realize Edgar was the son who loved and cared for him all along. It is not until he becomes physically blind, that
Gloucester gains knowledge of who his sons really are. The same can be said for Shakespeare's main character, King Lear. Shakespeare's play, King
Lear, parallels Gloucester blindness with King Lear. Both men are blinded within their relationships with their children. The two men reject the child
(Edgar and Cordelia) that truly loves them in favor for the wicked child. Each cannot see that Edmund (Gloucester' son), Goneril and Regan (Lear's
daughters) are after their father's power and prestige. Gloucester and Lear find themselves driven out of their positions by their unloving children, all
while Edgar and Cordelia stand by their father's

Explain Why Did A Rebellion By The Fitzgeralds Occur In 1534
"Why did a rebellion by the Kildare Fitzgeralds occur in 1534, and what were its consequences? "
The rebellion by the Kildare Fitzgeralds occurred in 1534, it is said that was in a fact a turning point in the history of the relationship between both
England and Ireland. There were a number of factors that were said to have led to the rebellion, one of which was the tensions between the Gaelic
Irish, Old English and the "New English". At this time, the island was made up of two elements, the Gaelic Irish and Old English.
As the sixteenth century progressed, however the expansion of Ireland of the structure of the English state, the ethos of which was so different from
that of the Gaelic and gaelicised communities, promoted friction between Irish and old English.
The main reason for the rebellion was predominantly because Thomas Fitzgerald or also known as "Silken" Thomas believed the rumours spread
around the Pale in 1534 concerning his father Gerald Fitzgerald. Gerald was summoned by King Henry VIII to London because he felt Gerald could
not enforce the reformation acts, in obedience to the king's orders ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also the course of events is seen as a point of transition from the medieval days to a more modernistic period of Irish political history. The
Fitzgerald rebellion showed Henry VIII the dangers of leaving Ireland with delegates being controlled from London. The demolition of the Kildare
earldom and the Fitzgerald clan shows the reform in Ireland at this time and for the forth coming years. As well as this, looking at it from a positive
aspect, outside of the Pale the Gaelic Irish were still preserving their own customs, maintaining their social system and keep their own language alive
even after the rebellion which in turn would change the stability of Ireland in the years to

How Did Henry II Improve The Legal System
During the initial years of Henry II's reign as king of England, he attempted to restore the authority that had lapsed during the reign of King Stephen
from 1141 to 1154. In order to do this, Henry II worked to limit the power of the nobles, for example, by destroying adulterine castles. In addition, he
standardised the legal system, which meant that the nobility was reliant on him for justice and also became more involved with financial matters,
which helped to reinforce his control. However, he also had some shortcomings, which affected his success such as the facts that he spent such vast
quantities of time on the continent and that he failed to prevent uprisings. Henry II started to limit the power of the nobility from the very beginning...
This group of legal officials who acted on the behalf of the king exerted royal authority over the law, bringing it further under his control. Brand
comments on how Henry II restored the legal system, saying that he nationalised what had previously been a broken and localised system. This
demonstrates how as king, Henry II extended royal authority successfully over the legal system, which allowed him to restore his authority over the
entire country as the legal system was at the centre of justice. Henry II also standardised punishment in the Grand Assize of Clarendon of 1166,
which helped to limit the power of the nobles, as they could no longer choose how their vassals were punished. Furthermore, it reasserted the fact that
the king was at the head of the legal hierarchy as with the Assize, it showed that he was beginning to use his influence and power to restore the legal
system. As well as this, Henry II started to use royal writs more often. This meant that all EVERYTHING was done with the king's authority and that
the people were reliant on Henry II for

The Household in Richard III and Arden of Faversham: Mosby...
The "household" in Richard III and Arden of Faversham: Mosby and the duke of Gloucester's struggle for power
Table of contents
1.Introduction: the concept of household and the overthrown of established authority in the plays Richard III and Arden of
Faversham..............................3
2.Reasons to overcome the established power......................................................3
3.Strategies to overthrow the status quo 3.1. Lies and deceit...........................................................................................5 3.2. Manipulation of the social
agents............................................................10
4.Fate resolves.....................................................................................................14
5.Conclusion.......................................................................................................15
1. Introduction: the concept of household and the overthrown of established authority in the plays Richard III and Arden of FavershamArden of
Faversham (1592) and William Shakespeare's play, Richard III (1597), will be the main objects of study in this essay. Although we cannot date them
precisely, both entered the Register of the Stationers Company in the last decade of 16th century. Therefore, they can be used to draw a comparison in
order to analyse the idea of "household" in Renaissance England and how the main characters in each play

Buckingham Character Analysis
Buckingham's Desire for Revolution Shakespeare wrote many plays during his lifetime, but possibly none as complex and busy as Richard III. It is
an intricate play where many different characters are portrayed in many different roles. One of those characters is the Duke of Buckingham, a villain
and for the majority of the play the trusted accomplice for Richard. In almost every scene in which Buckingham was portrayed, he proved himself to
be a rebellious villain over and over. As a rebel, he fought as a revolutionist, craving a change of events for self–seeking power. Buckingham
exemplifies the definition of a revolutionist rebel because of his willingness to be part of a revolution in order to change his surroundings and
increase his own eminence. He followed through with almost every plan given to him by Richard to accomplish his purposes until the final order
to kill the young princes. Early on in the play, we learn of the character Buckingham and his allegiance sworn to Richard, the Duke of Gloucester.
One can view Buckingham as Richard's partner in arms. Throughout most of the play, we see the two conspirators design and carry out evil and
malicious acts to place Richard as the king. They were willing to remove any obstacle in order for a new king to be crowned. Clarence, Hastings,
and Lady Anne are a few of the characters who befell a gruesome fate due to the conspiracy of Richard and Buckingham. Buckingham is completely
devoted to Richard's cause and will stop at

Apollo Project: A Brief Biography Of Margaret Hamilton
Margaret Hamilton was the Director of software engineering of the Apollo Project in
1969. She was born August 17, 1936 she lived to the age of 80, she is sill is alive. She wrote the code by hand that allowed humanity to land on the
moon. The code controlled the on–board guidance software required to navigate and land on the moon. From 1961 to 1963, she worked on the SAGE
Project. Where she created a system that could predict and track weather system. It was soon developed for military for anti aircraft air defense. She
helped write software to detect "unfriendly" aircraft from Soviet attacks during the Cold War. From 1976 through 1984, Hamilton was co Founder and
CEO of a company called Higher Order Software. In 1986, she became the founder

Byzantium Feudalism Essay
Though initially economic development of Byzantium was defined by that the emperor was the supreme owner of land and the state had a
considerable fund of the lands belonging only to the state treasury. These lands were so extensive that the peasants living on them could not always
process them. As a result, the state and imperial lands surrendered in long–term rent. The state widely used practice of grant of lands for service
military or state. As a result, in Byzantium there were feudal forms of land tenure which reminded feudal possession in Western Europe. Also we
should consider the Byzantine feudalism analyzing history of social processes in the country and changes in the lower class of the population. For
example, In Western Europe development

Anglo Saxon Legal System
The two sources provide valuable perspectives into the legal system within the anglo saxon period. The Anglo Saxon legal system was based around
the King who was the secular and spiritual leader of the country.The King first had to centralise his power and become the most influential person to
then delegate to others in his kingdom; resulting in the creation of the earls, who ruled over their individual earldoms and carried out the King's orders
given to them through writs, enforcing justice and order. There were around 40 shires (counties) in Anglo–Saxon England, and a sheriff would be the
one to convey the King's will and settle disputes in shire courts.
The first, Source 3, author is anonymous and the existence of the book it was supposedly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example some sheriffs may have been more lenient, or areas may have higher crime rates ect. Source 5 is also written in 1087, 21 years after the
Anglo Saxon reign ended and the Normans took over. The source can therefore be limited in investigating the Anglo Saxon legal system as Norman
customs may have been implemented and integrated to the previous system, therefore hindering the usefulness and extent to which the source tells us
about Angle reign and not

William Shakespeare Research Paper
Who was the man behind the pen? The life of William Shakespeare is a much debated topic, whether or not he was even a real person remains a
well known topic of discussion. Many people believe Shakespeare to be a pen name used by Edward de Vere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. Born in
Stratford upon Avon on April 23, 1564, Shakespeare is considered to be one of the greatest dramatists of all time. Having written many plays, such as
Hamlet, Much Ado about Nothing, and King John, many people doubt that a commoner could write such works of art. Born the son of a prosperous
businessman in Stratford upon Avon, a market town and civil parish inWarwickshire, England, Shakespeare spent his childhood attending Stratford's
grammar school until the age of fifteen. The school was free to children because it was paid for by the borough. Three years after that he met his wife,
Anne Hathaway. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Together they had three children: Susanna, Judith, and her twin brother Hamnet who is believed to have died from the plague at eleven years of age.
After the birth of the twins, there are seven years of William Shakespeare's life where no records exist. Most people generally believe that he went to
London and found work as a horse attendant at one of London's finer theaters. When he began writing plays, he wrote in the style of his time with lots
of metaphors and rhetorical phrases. Though the common style of his time didn't add to the plot of his works, he was able to write wonderful and
intriguing plays and poetry. His play Hamlet showed people everywhere that Shakespeare had been working on something great in his free

Machiavellian Tactics In Shakespeare's Richard III
In his famed Richard III, William Shakespeare chronicles, albeit with considerable artistic license, the meteoric rise and similarly swift fall of the
work's eponymous tyrant – Richard, Duke of Gloucester. Throughout the tragedy, the playwright portrays Richard, a self–proclaimed Machiavellian and
the discontented brother of the newly crowned king, as exactly the sort of cunning and ambitious man capable of succeeding in his plot, proclaimed
earlier in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 3, to "set the murderous Machiavel to school" (Shakespeare 3.2.193). Yet in actuality, despite such professed
adherence to the infamous work The Prince, Richard tragically and repeatedly deviates from the spirit of Machiavelli's teaching and, in so doing, all but
In strictly a Machiavellian sense, Richard's downfall is the direct result of his errant implementation of The Prince's guiding ideals; whereas for
Shakespeare, the tragic failure of the Duke of Gloucester, though in part due to his missteps as a Machiavellian, most notably evidences the effects of
conscience on the actions of men. Throughout the play, Shakespeare demonstrates the manner in which the Machiavellian "desire to acquire"
(Machiavelli 14) drives characters such as Clarence, his murderers and, above all, Richard to commit inhuman acts of evil to further their own
self–interests. This behavior, Machiavelli would assert, is perfectly natural and inherently good so long as carried out with prudence. Shakespeare,
however, underscores the fundamental falsehood of such thinking with his repeated illustration of the way in which one's sense of morality, to quote
Queen Margaret's curse, "begnaw[s] [the] soul" (Shakespeare 1.3.221) of those who do wrong. In the case of the unnamed Second Murderer, for
instance, the conscience – that construct so foreign to Machiavellian thought – very nearly prevents the hardened criminal from carrying out the murder
of the innocent Clarence by "fill[ing] [him] full of obstacles" (Shakespeare 1.4.141). Though temporarily overcome by the promise of reward, the

Essay Historians' Changing Opinions of Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell was a well known military dictator. He helped the Parliamentarians win the First Civil War and was named Lord Protector. He died
in 1658 but many people still remember him as one of the best leaders in history although others believe he was a harsh tyrant and always wanted too
much power for himself. Throughout the years, numerous historians have changed their views on whether he was a good leader or not. This work will
look at three interpretations from different people on who Cromwell was and what he was like and compare them.
Winstanley said, "Cromwell was the English monster who tried to destroy our monarchy." William Winstanley, a writer and diarist, was a strong
Royalist. He was also known as "The Man Who Saved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These facts are well documented and not just Winstanley's opinion.
At the time of this statement, Cromwell was already dead so Winstanley did not to have to worry about what he could do to him. In some ways,
Winstanley is the well qualified to make a statement as he actually lived at the same time as Cromwell where the other two people making statements
did not and relied on evidence to make their judgements. Of course the fact he has different beliefs would influence his viewpoint.
Rosebery said about Cromwell, "He was the strong raiser and sustainer of the power of the Empire of England."
Lord Rosebery, 1899, was the Prime Minister from 1894 to 1895, the leader of the Liberal party and a supporter of the British Empire. He was a
well–read, educated man and a member of the nobility. As a member of the nobility with an Earldom, Rosebery would be more similar in some ways
to a Royalist. However he was also a well educated person and leader of the Liberal party so would possibly have a more balanced point of view.
His statement was written two centuries after Cromwell and is based on historic evidence and his ability to read books but not from first hand
experience. This means he has other peoples' biased reports to read and these could change they way he thinks about Cromwell without it perhaps being
true.
The Boer War was happening around the same time as Rosebery made this statement and

The Significance of Act 3 Scene 7 to Shakespeare's Richard...
The Significance of Act 3 Scene 7 to Shakespeare's Richard III Richard iii essay Richard the third is the last play in a cycle of eight plays that
Shakespeare wrote to dramatize the history of England between 1398–1485. The plays depict the struggle for the crown and in Richard the third it
shows how Richard finally gets to the crown by committing lots of murders but then is toppled by Richmond. In this essay I will explore how
significant act 3 scene 7 is to the play. In this play Richard is presented as a ingenious man who can easily manipulate others for his sake , he does
this through his use of clever language, in act1 scene 2 Richard persuades Anne to marry him In the play... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He does this so that the people will want a new king and so Richard can become king. In act 4 scene 3 we find that Buckingham has a conscience
when he is asked to kill the princes Buckingham answers 'give me some little breath, some pause, dear lord'. That quote shows how buckinghams
conscience needs some time to think about whether he shall kill the princes. I think Buckingham has a problem about killing the princes as they are
only young and innocent. Buckingham helps Richard become king as he is promised riches, power and the earldom of Hereford but when he thinks
about killing the princes Richard gets angry as he does not want someone who thinks about orders they were given, so Richard does not give
Buckingham the reward that he was promised. This makes Buckingham angry so he brings an army to kill Richard but a storm disperses the troops.
Buckingham aand Richard need each other to be as strong an example of this would be when Buckingham spreads the rumours about king Edward and
the people don't say anything but then when Buckingham gets Richard to 'stand between two churchmen' the people begin to want Richard to become
king. Richard wants to have more power than Buckingham an exmple of this would be when Richard says 'I will not yield to you'. Which means I will
not do what you want me to do. Richard and Buckingham both try to manipulate each other they do

Machiavellian Politics In Richard III And Henry V By...
William Shakespeare wrote his histories focusing on an individual historical character and how they interact with their community as well as how
it affect them or how they affected it. In Richard III, the titular character ambition is to become a true king, but being the youngest of three
brothers (who have male sons as well) his chances are very slim so he ascends into the throne by deceit and murder. In Henry V, the titular
character agrees to go to war to extend his influence onto France over a confusing reason by clergymen. Shakespeare, through both of the monarchs
of these plays, explores Machiavellian politics and what it means to be live by these principles. Although both Richard the Third and Henry the Fifth
are Machiavellians by having the ability to be a constant actor and doing whatever it takes to remain in power, but by having Henry succeed in the
end shows how superior of a Machiavellian he was because he had a concrete goal in mind throughout Henry V. As Machiavellians, Richard III and
Henry V become actors, acting differently in certain situations to be able so that they will benefit, but in these situations Henry V has noble aims.
Richard's goal just seems to become the King(1.1.140–148). In a true Machiavellian fashion, he deceives several people like his brothers and the
common people to try and advance his goal. When he is talking with Clarence his imprisoned brother he tells him, "your imprisonment shall not be
long; I will deliver you." He is

Did Feudalism Outweigh The Disadvantages?
Did the Advantages of Feudalism outweigh the disadvantages?
In order to attempt to answer a question such as this we must briefly describe the Feudal system then look at the advantages of having feudalism as a
system and also the disadvantages and then secondly look at the alternatives if there was no such system in place.
Let us first look at the Feudal system itself. The Feudal system was introduced to England and spread throughout Britain by William the Conqueror
after 1066 and the Battle of Hastings. Normandy and indeed most of France already had a form of Feudalism in place and King William required a
hierarchical system of security which guaranteed him loyalty, particularly in the form of an army. Feudalism was the key.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Having been given land by the king, the barons had to raise a number of knights who would serve him, for example by taking a number of knights
into his household and feeding and providing for them, on the chance that they would be needed, but this was a costly way to secure their service.
Given this, most barons would grant smaller fiefs to their vassal knights. On these fiefs, the knights could grow crops or support their families. In
exchange the knights promised to be part of their baron's military contribution to the king and part of the baron's escort if he travelled. The knight's
vassal was the peasant, the poorest social class of medieval society. For labouring on the knight's land, the peasant would be granted a small portion to
work for himself. It was in this relationship to land that the positive and negative aspects for each of these groups in feudal society can be most clearly
seen.
Those closer to the top of the feudal system had most advantages. For the king, there was the obvious advantage that he had an army ready to serve
him the moment he required them, as well as a group of powerful men who supported him. Perhaps it was the barons, though, who gained most from
the feudal system. They were given land, and frequently other gifts to encourage them to support the king. In return they had few arduous duties to
perform. The knights were well off under the system as well, as they were given land, and occasionally food. The peasants also

Difference Between Edward De Vere And Shakespeare
at Bishops Gate and East Smithfield
Edward de Vere and William Shakespeare
The dispute over the true authorship of the First Folio of Shakespeare's Plays (sole authorship or a partnership of genius like Lennon and McCartney)?
Debate over the true authorship of the First Folio of William Shakespeare's plays began from the day of its publication (and had been running in the
background for many years up until then). The debate had been fuelled partly by an analysis of William Shakespeare's own character, background,
education and what little was known of his life and travels; also by Shakespeare's participation in a conspiracy to steal part of the De Vere estate (at a
time when the whole earldom was in question following the untimely death of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1)There are hundreds of literary references within the plays to events in the history of the de Vere family and also to their retainers eg Sir John Folstoff
(2)Edward de Verewas known as both "Spear Shaker" at Court (reinforced by the Earl becoming a champion at Jousting) and also as 'William' when
he left the care of the Cecil family (which may well have been in mockery at his close association with members of the middle and lower classes)
(3)The first performance of a number of Shakespeare's plays was held publicly at Court or the home of the Cecil's under Edward de Vere's
direction with no mention of William Shakespeare on the invitation list eg an early version of A Midsummer Night's Dream was first performed at
the wedding of Edward de Vere and Lady Anne Cecil in 1571 at the home of Lord Burghley, fittingly on the Feast of the Birth of St John the Baptist
on Midsummer's Day in 1571 and later named A Midsummer Night's Dream on Edward de Vere's death on the same day in 1604)
(4)The dedication to the author of the First Folio of plays includes coded references saying "I am De Vere", the name "De Vere" and also a Latin
dedication that makes sense if a reference to Edward de Vere but is nonsense if a reference to William

Richard III Conscience Essay
Human beings behave with a conscience, an innate feeling of right and wrong. The conscience prevents most people from committing horrific acts, and
those who commit such acts bear a guilty conscience. Richard starts out as the perfect Machiavellian, but as Shakespeare's historical drama Richard III
unfolds, he becomes fallible due to his conscience. Richard's Machiavellian techniques allow him to rise to the throne; the same tactics cause Richard's
demise. Shakespeare explicitly uses Richard's failure to demonstrate that Machiavelli's philosophy does not work. According to Shakespeare the most
important reason for the downfall of Richard is his conscience, and Machiavelli's philosophy does not account for this quality of human nature. In...
His guilty conscience causes his once quick and witty mind that always knows the next step in his master plan to spiral into a slow and unsure
mind. Richard's guilt causes him to use unnecessary and exorbitant force. For example, he sends "Anne [his] wife [to] bid the world good night"
(4.3 43), a death that has no political necessity. The conscience consumes Richard as he dreams about a parade of the ghosts of those he murdered.
The dream sequence fulfills queen Margaret's prophecy that "the worm of conscience still begnaw [Richard's] soul". (1.3 233) The eerie dream
sequence sends Richard into a dialogue with himself exclaiming, "O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me!" (5.3 191) This shows how
Richard's guilt consumes his mind, which leads Richard to lose the battle against Norfolk. Machiavelli's teachings do not account for when the prince
goes mad. Not once in Machiavelli's The Prince does he use the word "conscience". Shakespeare uses Richard III to comment on the inhumane nature
of Machiavelli's philosophy. Shakespeare argues that the Machiavellian actions Richard took to claim the throne of England do not lead to success, but
rather end in disaster. Richard explicitly follows Machiavelli's philosophy, yet the drama ends in his death. No human being would be able to follow
Machiavelli's guidelines without his conscience either preventing him, or driving him

Blindness in King Lear Essays
Blindness is defined as, according to dictionaries, "unable to see and lacking the sense of sight", but in King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, it
has a relatively new definition. Blindness, as Shakespeare portrays, not only a physical inability to see, but also a mental flaw that some characters
present in this tragic play. King Lear and the Earl of Gloucester are the two characters who make up the parallel "double plot" of the tragedy caused
of their lack of sight, mental blindness. They both undergo a very similar plot and suffer from their false decisions, the ones they feel very remorseful
of later on. In other words, such blindness is the root of false decisions that leads to disasters. The interaction of physical blindness and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though, Lear has a little realization of this point when he says "Our basest beggars are in the poorest thing superfluous. Allow not nature more than
nature needs, man's life is cheap as beast's... " (2, 4, 297–300) Moreover, it is also very unwise to do because if by any chance his daughters just
wanted his power instead of being his daughter, he would eventually become an old, poor, childless man. All of these events noticeably happened in
the play because of his lack of sight about the knowledge of "the Great Chain of Being". When Goneril and Regan, Lear's two evil daughters, kick him
out into a storm, he has truly become a vulnerable old man with nothing left as he says "Here I stand your slave, / A poor, infirm, weak, and despised
old man..." (3, 2, 20)
Yet, his blindness of knowledge is not the only factor leads him to this sudden downfall, from the king to a "despised old man". His lack of sight
also prevents him to catch other people's personality, he judges weather the people are good or evil just by the surface appearances. One example is
that Lear banishes his once most beloved daughter, Cordelia. She is the only loyal daughter of Lear's who has seen her sister's false love presentations
for Lear and does not want to bracket together her true love with

Research Paper On Manslaughter And Murder
Murder and Manslaughter
Homicides are defined by criminal law, which refers to a body of federal and state rules, as the killing of another human being. In general though, there
are two classes of homicide: intentional killings, such as murder, and non–intentional killings, such as manslaughter. Whethermurder or manslaughter,
these homicides represents violent felonies.
A murder is an act of extreme violence. It is the intentional, premeditated and deliberate killing of another human being. In general, there are two
different degrees for murder. The first–degree murder is killing of another person with the intent to cause death with premeditation and deliberation.
Infamous killings such as the murder of the Black Dalia or the murders committed

Richard II's Failures as King of England

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