Discussion TopicsHistoryClean Air ActPollution ControlsAir PermitsPlant Management History of Air Pollution Laws Air pollution is a part of human historyCavemen to Ancient Greece1306 London1881 Chicago and Cincinnati1948 Denora, Pennsylvania CAA1970First National Clean Air ActNEPA Started the EPA as we know it 1990Pollution control and prevention measuresNAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards3 areas in the USUnclassifiable areaCan not be classified as meeting or not meeting NAAQSAttainment areaArea that meets NAAQS for specific pollutantNonattainment areaDoes not meet standardContributes to AAQ in nearby area that does not meet the NAAQS for specific pollutant State Implementation Plans (SIPS)Limit EmissionsEstablish Emission offset policiesRequire reportingEstablish penalties and proceduresEstablish state or regional responsibility for administering the permit Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS)Major source of HAPS: Any stationary source (or group of them) located within a contiguous area under common control that can emit more than 10 tons per year of any HAP or 25 tons per year of any combination of HAPS 2 types cited most oftenMobileStationary Nonattainment AreasIn nonattainment areas, any stationary source that has potential to emit more than 100 tons per year is considered major stationary sourceMust comply with Prevention of Significant Deterioration and New Source Review Stationary SourcesFixed, nonmoving producers of pollution:Buildings, Structures, facilities or installations that emit an air pollutant for which a national standard is in effect Problems from Mobile SourcesAir ToxicsPollutants that cause adverse health effectsMost of EPA efforts have been concentrated on carcinogens (cancer)Vehicles emit several pollutants that are classified as known or probable human carcinogensBenzene – knownDiesel – probableFormaldehyde - probable Air Quality EmissionsEmission StandardMaximum allowable amount of a pollutant legally permitted to be dischargedSingleMobileStationary Emissions LimitationsRelated to specific numerical emission limitations for the following:LeadCadmiumMercuryDioxinsSulfur dioxide Federal Air Quality Permit RequirementsOffsetting reductions must have been obtainedNew or modified source will not cause or contribute to emissions levels that exceed permitted allowanceProposed source must meet lowest achievable emission rate Federal Air Quality Permit RequirementsOwner/Operator of proposed new or modified source shows that all major stationary sources are in complianceMust show that benefits of propsed source significantly outweigh the environmental and social costs imposed Title V Operating PermitsAll requirements applicable to a sourcePermit fees fund State air programsApplies to all cities which are subject to Federal regulation under the CAA. Air Quality EmissionsNew Source Review Emissions TradingA plant with several facilities can decrease pollution at some fac.

1. Discussion TopicsHistoryClean Air ActPollution ControlsAir
PermitsPlant Management
History of Air Pollution Laws
Air pollution is a part of human historyCavemen to Ancient
Greece1306 London1881 Chicago and Cincinnati1948 Denora,
Pennsylvania
CAA1970First National Clean Air ActNEPA Started the EPA as

2. we know it
1990Pollution control and prevention measuresNAAQS
National Ambient Air Quality Standards3 areas in the
USUnclassifiable areaCan not be classified as meeting or not
meeting NAAQSAttainment areaArea that meets NAAQS for
specific pollutantNonattainment areaDoes not meet
standardContributes to AAQ in nearby area that does not meet
the NAAQS for specific pollutant
State Implementation Plans (SIPS)Limit EmissionsEstablish
Emission offset policiesRequire reportingEstablish penalties
and proceduresEstablish state or regional responsibility for
administering the permit
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS)Major source of HAPS: Any
stationary source (or group of them) located within a contiguous
area under common control that can emit more than 10 tons per
year of any HAP or 25 tons per year of any combination of
HAPS
2 types cited most oftenMobileStationary
Nonattainment AreasIn nonattainment areas, any stationary
source that has potential to emit more than 100 tons per year is
considered major stationary sourceMust comply with Prevention
of Significant Deterioration and New Source Review

3. Stationary SourcesFixed, nonmoving producers of
pollution:Buildings, Structures, facilities or installations that
emit an air pollutant for which a national standard is in effect
Problems from Mobile SourcesAir ToxicsPollutants that cause
adverse health effectsMost of EPA efforts have been
concentrated on carcinogens (cancer)Vehicles emit several
pollutants that are classified as known or probable human
carcinogensBenzene – knownDiesel – probableFormaldehyde -
probable
Air Quality EmissionsEmission StandardMaximum allowable
amount of a pollutant legally permitted to be
dischargedSingleMobileStationary
Emissions LimitationsRelated to specific numerical emission
limitations for the
following:LeadCadmiumMercuryDioxinsSulfur dioxide
Federal Air Quality Permit RequirementsOffsetting reductions
must have been obtainedNew or modified source will not cause
or contribute to emissions levels that exceed permitted
allowanceProposed source must meet lowest achievable
emission rate

4. Federal Air Quality Permit RequirementsOwner/Operator of
proposed new or modified source shows that all major
stationary sources are in complianceMust show that benefits of
propsed source significantly outweigh the environmental and
social costs imposed
Title V Operating PermitsAll requirements applicable to a
sourcePermit fees fund State air programsApplies to all cities
which are subject to Federal regulation under the CAA.
Air Quality EmissionsNew Source Review
Emissions TradingA plant with several facilities can decrease
pollution at some facilities while increasing it at othersMay
bank credits
Emission StandardMaximum Allowable Amount of pollutant
legally permitted to be dischargedMust take into
account:CostRelated health, environmental impacts and energy
requirements
Emission StandardApplied through:Process
changesSubstitutionModificationsEnclosing systemsCollecting,
capturing or treating PollutantsModifying design

5. Emission StandardLimit level of opacityPrescribe specific
equipmentSet fuel specificationsPrescribe operation or
maintenance procedures
Emissions LimitationThere are specific limitations on the
following:Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, dioxins, dibenzofurans,
particulate matter, opacity, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride,
oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide
Emissions Statement and ChecklistA statement of compliance is
required by a State by owner/operator of a regulated
sourceChecklist assist in compliance
Air Quality Maps and SourcesAir Quality Maps can provide
valuable information such as characteristics and
sourcesBoilersOperating conditionsPollutant control
equipmentAnticipated changesMonitoring summary
Pollution ControlsEach has benefits and drawbacksEnergy
ConsumptionSpace issuesWaste handlingUnwanted by-
productsOperational issues
Pollution ControlsParticulatesCyclone

6. Pollution ControlsParticulatesCycloneFabric Filter (Baghouse)
Pollution ControlsParticulatesCycloneFabric Filter
(Baghouse)Electrostatic PrecipitatorsWet Scrubbers
Pollution ControlsParticulatesCycloneFabric Filter
(Baghouse)Electrostatic Precipitators
Pollution ControlsParticulatesCycloneFabric Filter
(Baghouse)Electrostatic PrecipitatorsWet Scrubbers
Pollution ControlsGases and VaporsIncinerators

7. Pollution ControlsGases and VaporsIncineratorsCatalytic
Reactors
Pollution ControlsGases and VaporsIncineratorsCatalytic
ReactorsAdsorbers
Pollution ControlsGases and VaporsIncineratorsCatalytic
ReactorsAdsorbersChemical Scrubbers
Pollution ControlsGases and VaporsIncineratorsCatalytic
ReactorsAdsorbersChemical Scrubbers Process Modifications
Pollution ControlsBenefitsReduces PollutantsAllows Higher
Production CapacitiesIncreases Profits

8. Pollution ControlsCostsHigher operating costsEnergyMaterial
handlingAdds ComplexityOperator TrainingPermit Compliance
Issues
What is an Air Permit?
An agreement between a business/individual and regulatory
agencies that allows the operation of an air pollution emitting
process.
What is a Title V Permit?Title V Is The Chapter In The CAA
Covering PermitsRequires Permits for “Major Sources” of Air
PollutionResponsible Official
Recordkeeping and submittalsInspection recordsRecords of
occurrencesActions taken during malfunctionsTest
reportsRecords of monitoring dataInspection records
Plant ManagementWhat is your job?Know the rulesInterface
with regulatory agenciesWork with production/operationsHire
consultantsGet appropriate permitsFollow permit requirements

9. On behalf of the environmental control department, thank you
for your continued support in maintaining environmental
regulatory compliance. Through teamwork, we can continue to
achieve our high standards of environmental excellence, while
providing a safer workplace for our cast members and making
magic for our guests.