This document provides information about demography and population dynamics. It discusses that demography is the study of population numbers and characteristics. It notes that the current world population is approximately 7.7 billion people. It also discusses population distribution factors and provides population data for countries, cities, Europe, and Spain. The document further summarizes concepts relating to birth rates, death rates, natural population growth, and population structures. It introduces the demographic transition model and discusses migration trends and their economic, social, and cultural effects.

1. DEMOGRAPHY
“ THE POPULATION OF THE PLANET” 2º ESO

2. WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY?
IS THE PART OF THE GEOGRAPHY THAT STUDIES THE NUMBER
OF INHABITANTS AND THE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF
THE POPULATIONS

3. HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THERE IN THE WORLD?
7,7 BILLION
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=163&v=PUwmA3
Q0_OE

4. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION FACTORS

7. LOOK AT THE MAP IN YOUR BOOK (page 5) AND WITH A PARTNER TALK
ABOUT WHICH AREAS OF TEH WORLD ARE THE MOST DENSELY
POPULATED.
WHY DO YOU THINK SON MANY PEOPLE LIVE IN THESE AREAS?

8. GO TO PAGE 6 AND 7 AND…
A) SEARCH IN THE MAP THE MOST POPULATED COUNTRIES IN THE
WORLD (YOU MUST LIST ALMOST 10 COUNTRIES IN ORDER)
B) SEARCH IN THE MAP THE MOST POPULATED CITIES IN THE WORLD
(YOU MUST LIST ALMOST 10 CITIES IN ORDER)
C) READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
• WHAT IS HAPPENING TO THE POPULATION IN EUROPE? WHY?
• WHAT IS THE NAME FOR THE DOCUMENT THAT COUNTS THE
POPULATION ALONG THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES?

9. AND WHAT HAPPENED WITH SPAIN?

10. DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION IN SPAIN
PAGES 30-31
• APART FROM THE COMMUNITY OF MADRID, THE TWO
ARCHIPIELAGOS (THE BALEARIC AND CANARY ISLANDS) AND THE
TWO AUTONOMOUS CITIES (CEUTA AND MELILLA), THE AREAS WITH
THE HIGHEST POPULATION DENSITIES ARE LOCATED AROUND THE
COASTS.
• GO TO PAGES 30 AND 31 AND MAKE ACTIVIES: A, B, 1, 2.

11. WHAT HAPPEN IN EUROPE?

12. GO TO PAGE 16 AND READ THE PART OF THE “AMOUNT AND
DISTRIBUTION”:
- UNDERLINE the key ideas
- How is the population in Europe distributed?
- Look to the map and write in the notebook the countries with more
than 200 inhabitants/km²

13. THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
• VERY LOW POPULATION DENSITY:
Below 10 inhabitants/km²
• LOW POPULATION DENSITY:
Between 10-50 inhab./km²
• MODERATE POPULATION DENSITY:
between 50-100 inhab./km²
• HIGH POPULATION DENSITY: over
100 inhab./km²

18. WORLD POPULATION DINAMYCS AND TRENDS
pages 12-13
- How do we study population dynamics? The number of people living
on a place depends on:
 NATURAL POPULATION MOVEMENTS:
BIRTHS AND DEATHS
MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS:
EMIGRATION OR IMMIGRATION (UNIT 3)

19. NATURAL POPULATION MOVEMENT: BIRTHS
- BIRTH RATE/TASA DE NATALIDAD= is the number of births relative to the
population of a place and is expressed in per mille (%o)
- FERTILITY RATE/TASA DE FERTILIDAD= is the number of live births per
women aged 15-49, also expressed in per mille (%o)
- AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN/: This number tells us
wheather one generation can be replaced by another. An average of 2.1
children per woman ensures that replacement

20. NATURAL POPULATION MOVEMENTS: DEATHS
• DEATH RATE/TASA DE MORTALIDAD= is the number of deaths relative
to the population of a place. It is expressed in per mille (%o)
• INFANT MORTALITY RATE/ TASA DE MORTALIDAD INFANITL= relates
the number of babies who died before their first birthday, to live
births in a place. The result is expressed in per mille.
• LIFE EXPECTANCY/ ESPERANZA DE VIDA: it expresses the average age
a person is expected to live, at birth

21. - NATURAL POPULATION GROWTH: is the difference between the
absolute numbers of births and deaths. It tells us the natural
population growth rate and it is expressed in a percentage.
* If it is positive, the population increases
* If it is negative, the population decreases
* If the birth and death rates are equal, growth is zero

22. SO… IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
• Put the title: WORLD POPULATION DYNAMICS AND TRENDS
• Copy every single formula from your book (page 12-13)
• Think about: What are the differences about the population dynamics between
rich and por countries?
• Look to the map on page 13 and answer: Why do you think fertility rates are so
high in Africa and so low in many more economically developed regions?
• And now… we will focus on Europe and SPAIN
- Read page 16 and write in your notebook the characteristics of
the european population
- Read page 17 and answer: Why are the populations of many European
countries falling?

23. POPULATION DYNAMICS IN SPAIN:

27. TO SUMARISE THIS CONCEPTS… GO TO PAGES
34 AND 35
• What are the key ideas related to BIRTHS in Spain? Make a diagram or
a little mind map to explain the reasons about this sentence:
“ THE NUMBER OF BIRTHS IN SPAIN IS VERY LOW”
• What are the key ideas related to DEATHS in Spain? Make a diagram
or a little mind map to explain them

28. But the population dynamics on Spain depends on
the different regions, so…

29. Characteristics of Spanish population
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHWzl3rVF-8
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4NfjdhnAdQ&t=40s
RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS IN SPAIN
READ PAGES 36 AND 37 AND MAKE IN THE NOTEBOOK ACTIVITIES A,
B, C, 1,2,3,4

30. IMPORTANT PROBLEM TO SOLVE IN SPAIN: THE
DEPOPULATION OF RURAL AREAS
PAGES 38-39
- Why de people leave rural áreas?
- What are the consequences of
Depopulation?
- What solutions are there?

31. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=22&v=EJ9RIQgbvjA
https://www.lasexta.com/programas/salvados/noticias/interactivo-este-mapa-espana-deshabitada-
hay-riesgo-que-pueblo-desaparezca_2017030758bebf6c0cf2894da466a6b9.html

32. DEMOGRAPHIC MODELS
AND PATTERNS
Page14
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLWVm
QTglqc&t=160s
 OLD DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL
 DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
 MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC MODEL
Homework: explain the graphic
about the demographic transition
model helping you with the theorie

33. POPULATION STRUCTURE
BIOLOGICAL STRUUCTURE
Analyses:
• Age: Young (0-14), adult (15-64)
elderly (+65)
• Sex: males/females
- More males in Young
population
- Same amount in adult
population
- More females in the elderly
population
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
Analyses:
• Population´s level of activity
- active / inactive population
• Economic sectors:
- primary: …
- secondary: …
- tertiary: …
- quaternary:

34. POPULATION PYRAMIDS pages 9-10-11: is a chart
of the age and sex of a population at a given place
and time
- Read page 9 and make activity 1,2 and 3

35. HOW TO EXPLAIN A
POPULATION
PYRAMID?
- Triangular-shaped
- Pointed arch
- Urn or bulb

37. Can you guess if each pyramid correspond to
a developed or a less developed country?

38. To finish with this part, let´s practice…
• Put the title and make a mind map with the three types of population
pyramids
• Go to pages 10-11 and do activities A, B , C , 2
• The population structure in Spain pages 32 and 33: read these two
parts, make a mind map about Spain and activity 1.

39. And now, let´s do the Spanish population pyramid
with the data that appears on page 20

40. MIGRATION PAGES 54-61

43. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GG4zYsV
0ME0
EFFECTS OF MIGRATIONS: read pages 56 and 57 and complete the table
1. Economic:
2. Social:
3. Cultural:

44. Spanish emigration during 60´s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVuTIJg3KtI