Ecosystem Perspective Case Study

Ecosystem Perspective Case Study
1.Explain how the ecosystems perspective could specifically support either you or your family member.
When it comes to the ecosystem perspective, it is about interactions within the environment. The illness my grandmother has is Diabetes, I believe a
support group would be beneficial for her to meeting others with the same illness, and learning more about her illness. Even though my grandmother
knows about her diabetes on what was told to her by her primary doctor, engaging with other with the same illness would be informative for her about
her diabetes. By relating the ecosystem perspective with her illness, it would be best in know how she interacts with others, and within the environment.
As to my grandmother being active due to her illness
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Longleaf Pinn Ecosystem Analysis
The Pinus palustris, or more commonly referred to as longleaf pine trees, were once the dominant tree type in the Southeastern United States and has
been further exterminated at about 97% of its original range (Frost 1995). When you think of fire, you typically will think of destruction, but with the
right fire regime in certain ecosystems it can actually help the area become more successful. Due to the degradation of the longleaf pine forests,
prescribed burning has become a necessary factor to keep the forests successful (Lavoie et al., 2014). The biodiversity of the longleaf pin ecosystem
depends on a lot of rainfall, porous, sandy soils, and a cycle of fires (Greenberg, 2002). Longleaf pine trees have a tolerance of and ability to
regenerate in a high frequency fire regime (Loudermilk et al., 2011). Once longleaf pines grow above the height most fires tend to be, they have a
high survival chance where as if they were in the shrub state, then they would be burned from being exposed and lack of structure maturity. Most
longleaf pines will grow in an area where there are also hardwoods growing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The hardwoods will stay in the shrub state unless the fire frequency decreases then the hardwoods will grow rapidly causing the longleaf pines to fight
for nutrients more (Guerin, 1993). As well as helping the longleaf pines receive more nutrients, if you take away the hardwoods from the equation for
wildfires, then the length of the time that the fire will be in the forest will diminish greatly. Fires do not affect the adult trees as much as the younger
trees because they are more susceptible to the fires from being lower to the grounds or smaller (Boyer, 1993). Since most of the trees in the two
forests that were measured on the UNCW campus were mature longleaf pines, the prescribed fires did not affect the trees as must as it would if the
trees were

The Diversity Of The Natural Ecosystem
1.0INTRODUCTION
Nigeria is placed between latitudes 4 0 16IN and 130 52IN and between Longitudes 20 49IE and 14037IE. The land covers a add soil area of 923, 768
km2 with a population of 140,431,790 in 2006 (NPC, 2009). Due to its gigantic geographical extent, the country covers diverse climatic and ecological
zones. The diversity of the natural ecosystem ranges from semi–arid port in the northern, to rain forest and vast freshwater swamp forest with another
different coastal vegetation in the southwesterly. Theland 's heavy capableness of biodiversity let around 20,000 species of insects, near 1000 species of
birds, 247 species of mammals, 123 species of reptiles and most 1000 species of fish. The land is also fortunate with near 7,895 species of plants
(Federal Government of Nigeria, 2001).
Nigeria 's economy is characterized by vast rural–based conventional sector with almost 70% of the assemblage lives on agriculture guiding to legal
felling, infringements by farmers and cattle herders, firewood collectors and illicit procurement of shielded wildlife. Fast growth and high measure of
poorness (Omonoma, 2009), has led to burden on water, land and other natural resources. while many of the local communities live on the wild species
biodiversity (Northerner Governing of Nigeria). Mismanagement and over exploitation of these natural resources has led to degradation of natural
forest, loss of ground fertility, water, environmental abjection, extinction of biodiversity,

Ecosystems at Risk Essay
'Compare the nature and rate of change that affect the functioning of TWO different ecosystems at risk.'
An ecosystem is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro–organism communities and their non–living environment as a functional unit.
Ecosystems are systems through which incoming solar energy is captured and channelled through a hierarchy of life forms. Each ecosystem has its own
characteristic plant and animal community.
Nature of change refers to the natural or human induced change towards an ecosystem. Humans play a role in maintaining or disturbing the dynamic
equilibrium of any ecosystem. They have the ability to minimise natural resources ecosystems in order to grow food, build habitats, and remove or
extract specific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Great Barrier Reef is a huge, complex ecosystem located off the east coast of northern Queensland and is considered as an ecosystem at risk. It
stretches approximately 2300km from Papua New Guinea's Fly River in the north (8вЃ°S) to Fraser Island in the south (24вЃ°S) and has become the
largest World Heritage site in the world. It has 1500 of the worlds 13 000 fish species in it area, 200 bird species, 5oo species of seaweed, 600 species
of echinoderm, 125 species of shark and ray and around 360 species of hard coral.
The Great Barrier Reef is a highly active ecosystem. Tropical cyclones are a major source of damage to this reef system. These storms create great
waves that damage corals. They bring large amounts of fresh water onto the reef though forceful rain. The fresh water alters salinity levels, placing
stress on the corals and other animals. Human's impacts have affected the Reef for thousands of years. Climate change, oil spills, tourism, overfishing,
land clearing, sewage and waste disposal, coral harvesting and dredging and sand mining have all been major human impacts on the Great Barrier Reef.
The impacts of climate change have affected the climate of northern Australia. The increase in sea surface temperature, the increase in average sea
level, the change in rainfall patterns, changes to ocean currents and circulation, increased in

Ecosystem Services Management Report
While environmentalists and scientists have discussed the idea of ecosystem services for several decades, it only gained attention after an official
announcement of its concept, by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in 2005. As a new field in ecology, I realized that there is much more
research needed to be done in terms of management and sustainable development of ecosystem services. Many environmentalists have brought up new
ideas and methods to improve ecosystem services and have created programs to promote their sustainability. Despite these efforts, however, the
resulting outcomes have not been so successful than expected and ecosystem services still remain under threat. This leads us to question the
effectiveness–the validity and reliability–of these programs and how they are managed. My goal in this paper is to analyze the efficiency of current
ecosystem service management systems and present my thoughts and ideas on how we can improve them from an environmental, social, and
economic perspective.
Ecosystem services are goods and services provided by ecosystems that benefit, sustain and support the well–being of people. They can be grouped into
four main categories: regulating , provisioning , supporting , and cultural services. These services, which are key to well–being, including security,
sufficient nutritious food, health, and good social relations, can only be maintained if ecosystems–which provide these services–are maintained.
Ecosystems are currently

Ecosystem Services And Ecosystem Based Management
Introduction/overview
This review of current literature attempts to provide the context for the upcoming research and findings. Ecosystem services and Ecosystem–based
Management (EBM) will be discussed. The definitions, current methods, benefits, limitations, and challenges will be discussed. The literature review
will discuss the unresolved issues or current challenges.
This literature review will...discuss scope and limitations.
Ecosystem services
Ecosystem services are defined as the benefits natural ecosystems supply to human well–being (Elliff and Kikuchi, 2015). These services directly and
indirectly influence our welfare, and are of great interest to stakeholders, but also the community (UNEP–WCMC, 2011). One ecosystem has the
ability to provide numerous services and functions. Recognition of ecosystem services is fairly recent, but the concept is something that has been part
of human society since ancient times (Elliff and Kikuchi, 2015). The Millennium Ecosystem (MEA) in 2005, advanced the concept of ecosystem
services. According to the MEA, these services can be provisioning services, such as food or water, regulating services, such as purification or waste
management, habitat services, such as maintaining a species, or cultural services, which would be things such as aesthetic value. This assessment's
goal was to create a foundation of economist and ecologists, in a world where people and institutions appreciate natural resources and systems and
recognize

The Valuation And Commodification Of Ecosystem Services
The Valuation and commodification of Ecosystem Services
Ecosystems in our world act as vital and fundamental sections to maintain health, living, well–being and survival of human beings and other creatures
(Robert Costanza et al, 1997; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), 2005; TEEB Foundations, 2010; TEEB Synthesis, 2010). They provide
different kinds of service, such as production of goods, life support processes, and life–fulfilling conditions (Gretchen C. ,2000). Ecosystem
significantly contributes to both economic and non–economic value of our planet, but when compared to market efficiency, it seems to be paid less
attention when involved in decision making. In the majority of the ongoing projects that have numerous debates on, it seems common for people
put a price tag on ecosystem services and evaluate them by means of commodification. When the immediate or intuitionistic benefits fail to be
derived, it is less likely for ecosystems to be protected or reserved. Therefore, the importance of ecosystem services is often poorly appreciated and
only to be seen when facing severe problems. People are less likely to come up with solutions to protect the ecosystems of their own will than to make
a better trade to exchange ecosystem services for money. Also, it is quite often to fail to define the difference between "valuation" and "privatisation",
considering ecosystem services more of tradable products than a part of nature system. It is often overlooked that the market

Prairie Ecosystems Relationships
Dear Build–It construction building board, Building a department store and parking lot would negatively affect the ecological relationships among
the organisms in the pond and prairie ecosystems. An ecosystem is a special bond between a certain group of organisms. It has lots of different
organisms, and they all play a role in their ecosystems. There are producers, consumers, and decomposers. A producer is a photosynthetic organism. A
producer makes the energy from the sun that all organisms need to survive. Without producers, no animals would be able to survive. A producer is
either a plant or a bacteria. For example, a wildflower is a producer because it is photosynthetic, meaning that it makes its own energy. A consumer is
something that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, one type of relationship is called a competitive relationship. This means the two organisms are competing for a resource that they need.
This resource could be food, water, shelter, or space. An example of a competitive relationship in the prairieecosystem is that owls and snakes both
have mice as one of their food sources. This means that they are both competing for mice. That means that the owls and snakes have a competitive
relationship. Another example of a competitive relationship is between all the animals living in both ecosystems. All those animals are competing
for the pond water. The all need it. That is why it is a competitive relationship. Another type of relationship is a predator/prey relationship. This
relationship is between a predator and its prey. A predator eats its prey. An example of this in the prairie ecosystem is between a coyote and a rabbit.
A coyote eats the rabbit, therefore making the relationship between the coyote and rabbit predator/prey. Another example of a predator/prey
relationship is between a snake and a mouse. A snake eats the mouse. That is why their relationship is predator/prey. Another type of relationship is a
mutually beneficial relationship. In this relationship, all organisms involved benefit from the relationship. An example of this kind of relationship is
between the wildflowers and the bees. The bees get the pollen they need to make food from the flowers, and in return, the bees spread the pollen over
other flowers to fertilize them. That is an example of a mutually beneficial

Millennium Ecosystem Report
What is this link about?
The link is to a report, titled Ecosystems and Human Well–Being, A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. The report covers ecosystem
changes and how that is intertwined with humans and their well–being. The ecosystems of the earth are complex and have many variables. Human
actions can have a significant impact on these ecosystems and the report aims to seeks and apply scientific analysis and reasoning to how human
actions have and need to change to support these diverse ecosystems focusing on sustainability.
List two new things you learned at this link. What are they? Explain them.
The first thing I learnt was the concept of value of an ecosystem resource. One example was a country hypothetically cutting down and selling all the
wood from its forests and farming all of its fish. This can be reflected by a positive GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for that country. But what about the
value of the forests and fish? And what about the value that these two ecosystems no that have been reduced and are non–sustainable and unable to be
replenished? This helped highlight the concept of value from different perspectives and how ecosystems, sustainability and the effect of change in
ecosystems and the connection to humans needs to be calculated and represented. It also helped highlight to me the education ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Where I come from in Australia we are an island so we have unique animals and plants not present elsewhere int he world. Some pests that have been
introduced into he environment such as cats, rabbits, cane toads prickly pears have had a devastating impact on local ecosystems. While I was aware
of the impact on local ecosystem from the introduction of foreign plants and animals from local experience, the report highlighted the dilution of
diversity where species are spread to tother areas. This was a concept I was not aware of and found very

Balancing Ecosystems Essay examples
Concerned Citizen
City Council of Glimmerville
Date: 09/21/2014
To whom it may concern:
First let me start off by introducing myself my name is Nicole Santa Isabel I live on the Big Island of Hawaii. Currently a student for the University
of Phoenix taking a course in environmental science when I came across Glimmerville and its concerns with Grass Carp. Sparksville's aquatic
ecosystem is also having issues with balancing the ecosystem. This letter is to bring some light and maybe provided some solutions to any issues
Glimmerville may be facing.
Grass Carp is an herbivorous fresh water fish and was introduced originally from England. These fishes as we all know are famous for feeding on
aquatic plants and in some cases have damaged a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This type of plant nearly took over every area choking the wildlife and aquatic plants providing no area for other plants or animals to produce.
Our invasive and native species impact our eco systems dramatically. Although they seem to be harmless from rapid breeding and overpopulation.
Taking over the surrounding areas so that other species are not able to survive. Aggressive species is another way to impact the ecosystems by
endangering other species that live in the same habitat.
Monitoring our wildlife will protect our succession in preventing ecosystem changes. Such as the damage from invasive species on a natural habitat.
Invasive species will unintentionally take over the habitat to the point that other species will not be able to survive. For example an unknown vine that
rapidly takes over a neighboring plant to the point of extinction. This intern can change the whole flow of energy in the ecosystem by soil chemistry.
Here are four tips as a solution to the grass carp situation. First try to eliminate reproduction by possibly separating the male from the females and
monitoring the reproduction amounts. The advantage for monitoring reproduction of grass carps is to be able to maintain the way they reproduce.
Disadvantage is it's not always a 100 percent chance. Second solution to try limiting the food supply if they primarily eat the seaweeds be sure to not
provided

Temperature Increase In The Rainforest Ecosystem
1. During a summer day the air temperature goes through the most fluctuations. It is much easier for the ambient air temperature to increase and
decrease rapidly. It takes much longer for the much denser ground to both heat up and cool down. During the day the sun's radiation heats up the air in
the atmosphere. This happens for many hours and causes large increases in temperature. The air temperature increases as this occurs, whereas the
ground takes much longer. Additionally when the sun sets the temperature begins to drop. The air temperature drops rapidly, but the ground
temperature does not. This is due to the insulating properties that the ground possesses. Therefore it can keep a certain temperature for longer and is
more resistant to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Theses similar patterns do not mirror the patterns observed in the summer data. The primary reason for this is due to the fact that the reduced amount
of sun from a lower aspect and less time in the sky means that both ecosystems don't have time to be affected. Both soil temperatures sit around the
same average since there is no real exposure to sun and both are insulated. The natural density of dirt and other contributions to the soil insulate it from
temperature changes. The air temperature in both ecosystems fluctuates with the same patterns and are similar. The approaching winter means that
naturally temperatures will go down and the lack of sun is a large factor which causes a normalizing effect on the ecosystems, it brings them down to
similar

The South Texas Ecosystems Essay
In south Texas there are several types of ecosystems one of those ecosystems are the dunes. South Texas dunes are found along the Texas coastline and
the general abiotic conditions are sandy soil, high salt content, some fresh water, flooding in the occasion of severe storms and moisture from rain and
waves. Sea Oats and Bitter Pancum are two types of plants that dominate the South Texas dunes. Bitter Pancum adaptation for living in this type of
ecosystem is that they are tolerant to high salinity. Sea Oats are less tolerant to high salt but their adaptation is to grow rapidly. Some common animal
species that live in the dunes are crabs, which are tolerant to high salt water, gulls, and terns feed on crabs and other species around the ... Show more
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Human activities pose a threat to Seagrass beds because of boating, stepping on the seagrass, which damage the root system, dredging, pollution and
construction practices.
Mangrove Forest is another type of ecosystem in South Texas. Mangrove Forests are found along the coast in salty waters and the general abiotic
conditions are high salinity flooded soils, low wave energy, high temperatures, and muddy soils. Black Mangrove and Buttonwood are the dominant
plant species in South Texas Mangrove Forest ecosystem. Buttonwood is adapted to this ecosystem because it resides inland where there is less
salty conditions. Black Mangrove is adapted to sandy salty clay soil and requires protection from wave action and they are sensitive to cold weather.
Some common animal species that live in Mangrove Forests are many species of fish, crabs, mollusks, and birds. Mangrove forests provide a habitat,
shelter, and nursery to these species that reside in this ecosystem. Mangrove forest serve as a coastal protection from severe storms and hurricanes also
help remove pollutants and erosion. The economic importance of Mangrove forest is that they support fisheries, water purification, tourism, and
coastal protection. Human activities pose a threat to Mangrove Forests because of the removal of some mangroves, boat waves, oil spills, dredging,
draining, and diking.
A fourth type of ecosystem is the coastal prairie. Coastal prairies are found along the gulf coast

St. Paul Sustainable Ecosystem
Sustainability is whether or not an ecosystem can survive for long periods of time. Throughout this chapter I will be talking about whether the forest in
the backyard of St. Paul is a sustainable ecosystem and what factors keep the balance.
First of all an ecosystem is all the biotic things that live in one area and the chemical and physical environment that surrounds them. Usually in a
sustainable ecosystem there is everything that the ecosystem needs already provided within it. So what does an ecosystem need? Well first of all
there needs to be an abundance of lots of biodiversity, which means that there are multiple different types of plants and animals as well as various
different species. Because there is so much different flora and fauna ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The carbon cycle is also a very important part of the ecosystem. The carbon cycle is how the carbon gets transferred from the lithosphere, atmosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere. The carbon cycle starts with plants using the CO2 in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis plants use water, energy from
the sun and carbon to make a compound called glucose as well as releasing oxygen. Then as the plants get eaten by consumers the glucose (which
includes carbon) moves up the food chain. Along the way animals use that glucose for energy, as well as breathing out the carbon in the form ofcarbon
dioxide. Animals and humans harness this energy by our cells that break down the glucose. This is a process called cellular respiration. We then
release the carbon in the form of carbon dioxide back into the air by exhaling or eliminating waste.
If along the chain a producer or consumer dies without being eaten the carbon will decompose and will get buried under everything else. After many
years the carbon that was in it will turn into fossil fuels ready to be burned by us and release more of the already abundant carbon dioxide into the

Ecosystem Sustainability and Climate Change
An Introduction to Ecosystem Sustainability and Climate Change: Anthropogenic activities have been pouring greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
which is evident from the increasing trends of changes in global temperature, precipitation, climate induced hazards/disasters, pest distribution, etc. It is
alternating the habitable areas of species, their distribution, rate of survival and reproduction, food web interactions, ecosystem services, and their
conservation. Ecological managers need to invent smart solutions to control and mitigate further erosion of ecosystems.
The increase in GHGs concentration in the atmosphere leads to change in climate and biological characteristics of the ecosystems. The concentration of
CO2 is expected to rise ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The above practices are mainly aimed at enhancing ecological resilience of species, ecosystem services, ecological connectivity, habitat creation, in–situ
conservation, re–naturalization of policies, enhancing partnership between multiple stakeholders, and community engagement. The tools which can be
used to promote ecological sustainability are biodiversity inclusive EIA, adaptive management, and use of revamped protocols for monitoring of the
floral and faunal species.
Case Study 1:
As a part of Bavarian Climate Program (2008–2011), the Bavarian Forest Administration developed extensive maps of the forest areas and developed
climate models of different species. The plan envisaged conversion of 2, 69,000 ha of private and community stands of conifer forests into mixed
stands. The target is to convert 1, 00,000 ha by 2020 and another 1, 65,000 ha of state forests by 2033 by a public enterprise of Bavarian State Forest
known as Bayerische Staatsforsten. It includes replacement of Noway's Pine and Spruce stands into mixed stands of broad leaf such as beech and oak
to promote growth of climate tolerant species. The implemented forestry management techniques is helping to enrich species diversity and

Concept Of Ecosystem Services And Practice Of Conservation
GG3057
What does the concept of 'ecosystem services' add to the theory and practice of conservation?
If we are managing ecosystems, then in theory, we need to also be managing people, essentially speaking, if we develop management tools that are
effective and equitable and also meet the needs of people, then we really need to understand how people use and interact with their environments, how
they value and prioritise those interactions and why. So the Millennium Ecosystems Assessment (2005) definesecosystem services as the benefits
people obtain from ecosystems themselves. These are categorised into three separate categories: Provisioning, these are the sort of the goods that nature
provided us such as fresh water, food and timber. They... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005
The chart above focuses on the three categories: provision, regulating and cultural services. Essentially speaking, 15 out of the 24 ecosystem services
assessed belong in the degraded category, most of them in the regulating category, with the second most in the provisioning. When looking towards the
mixed results category, it means they have increased in some part of the world and decreased in others, therefore mixed. Finally, the last four services
were enhanced. Note that three of these are actually services that have a value in the marketplace. Often our interventions in ecosystems are about
optimising or maximising those services with value in the marketplace, but sometimes at the expense of these other services. So when focusing on the
ecosystem services, we must ask ourselves, how can their value be incorporated in decisions?
Human well being is dependent upon a functioning and productive natural environment, so this puts human well being at the core of sustainability
debates. The policy implications of this concept are based on the assumption that: Behaviour can be understood as the pursuit of well being. So if we
can demonstrate how people's well being are dependent on functioning and productive ecosystems, then behaviour should change to protect those
ecosystems. But well being itself is a complex concept. McGregor (2007) defines well being as "A

River Ecosystems In Illinois
Around the world there are extensive river ecosystems and many different kind of animals that inhabit them. Fish are one of the most available animal
species in a river ecosystem. Different fish species live in different places of a river environment. Salmon and trout often prefer the oxygen rich, fast
flowing rivers, where pike, walleye and are more likely found in silty areas that have been a part of Eutrophication where oxygen is less abundant. fish
are an excellent indicator for water quality and habitat . Amphibians also help show ecological indicators. Due to their high degree of sensitivity, they
respond quickly to change in the environment, in particular to habitat fragmentation, ecosystem stress and impact of pesticides. When theses ... Show
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In Illinois there are many native organisms found in the lake, pond and river ecosystems. some Fish species native to Illinois are The channel
catfish, largemouth bass, smallmouth buffalo, and gizzard shad. there are more native species but these four species play a great role on the
ecosystem balance in Illinois. Thermal stratification of lakes refers to a change in the temperature at different depths in the lake, and is due to the
change in water's density with temperature. In temperate regions such as Illinois where lake water warms up and cools throughout the year,lake
overturn occurs. Lake overturn is a cyclical pattern that is repeated from year to year as the cold dense water at the top of the lake sinks. In Illinois
we would have overturn when spring starts throughout summer and through the beginning of the Fall season. Another topic related to Lake
stratification and overturn is winter and summer fish kill. Fish kill is whenever a large amount of the fish population dies at one time. Winterkill is
the result of a significant decline in oxygen during a long period of ice cover. As long as the body of

Ball Python: Ball Python Ecosystem
I would claim that the Ball Python is a key element in many ecosystems. I'll be explaining how a Ball python is both essential and appreciated in its
habitat. I will as well speak on how the Ball python is key in incorporated in their own food web. As well as the ecosystem that it inhabits and how
essential it is in it. There is aswell the nutrient cycle that the BP like all organisms is apart of
Adult BP generally grow to around 152–182 cm Females tend to be slightly bigger maturing at an average of 122–137 cm. Males usually average
around 90–107 cm due to this the ball python eats a significant amount effectively influencing the ecosystem it lives in. Eating many small rodents and
in it area it is a minor predator in the food web of

Protecting the Australian Native Ecosystem
Ecosystem is an important part of the environment and to protect the Australian native ecosystem many management plans are made to preserve it.
Where the disruption occurred in the environment by human activities is not only the factor of worry, but also the exotic plants which are trying
to take over the native species are a matter of concern too. The steps taken by humans to get rid of their own waste from the environment as well
as the weeds, come under management plans. On the excursion to Buckley's Hole, Godwin Beach, Red Beach and Melaleuca Wetland, it was
observed that these areas come under the Buckley's Hole Management Plan. Where the abiotic and biotic factors interact with each other and help
in sustainability of better environment. But the Buckley's Hole Management Plan is not quite successful plan to save the affected areas. The plan
was implemented in 1998 (Department of Environment Staff, 1998) and is useful to some extent but has not proved its effectiveness in all the
areas. The current hole was formed in 1980 in the tidal inlet known as "Yabby Patch Creek" and became a breeding ground for the mosquitoes and a
resting spot for the migratory birds (The Real Buckley's Hole, 1980). The main reason for the execution of this plan was due to its great framework
that could preserve the Australian heritage of flora and fauna but it could be seen on the day that it was not that applicable to fully protect the native
species. However at the Buckley's Hole just at the

Ecosystem Response Paper
Ecosystem services are defined as the direct and indirect benefits to human well being that are derived from ecosystems and ecosystem function
(Gomez–Baggethun and Barton 2013, TEEB 2011), or in other words, "the conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species
that make them up, sustain and fulfill human life" (Daily, 1997, p. 3). The ecosystem service framework may be used to assess present day function,
monitor change over time, and inform future planning, conservation, and restoration to maximize the ecosystem function and services generated at
multiple scales (Daily et al. 2009; Sukhdev et al. 2010).
Realizing the promise of its application, for the past two decades ecosystem service science has been a topic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this paper we define such urban landscape as urban–coastal fringe. Modeling of the urban–coastal fringe is inherently more complex and nuanced,
but in the end may provide a more robust means for directing goal setting, urban planning, as well as conservation and restoration efforts. There are
several existing ecosystem service models and valuation tools (See Drakou et al. 2014 for review). Drakou et al. categorize the existing tools into
three broad categories, including data cataloguers, toolkits that allow one to model ecosystem service flows for a site, and a combination of both that
are custom for specific region. Recent efforts have resulted in the development of several models that assess the impact of development on service
flow, including the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the Multi
–scale Integrated Models of Ecosystem
Services (MIMES) model (Boumans and Costanza 2007; Nelson et al. 2009;Gomez–Baggethun et al. 2010; Kareiva et al. 2011; Calvet–Mir et al. 2012;
Crossman et al. 2013). However, these models are best applied at a regional scale and do not operate at a scale fine enough to address the services
generated by the urban core. The HERCULES model,

A Study On Ecosystem Profile
Part A: Ecosystem Profile
On the 10th and 11th of August, Year 11 Biology students from Trinity Lutheran College went on a fieldwork excursion to monitor the quality of water
in the surrounding ecosystems of 3 lakes in the Gold Coast region.
Aquatic ecosystems are an integral part of our environment and play an important role in maintaining the quality of water. The quality of water is
important in lakes because it doesn't just protect the health of the public but it also provides ecosystem habitats, contributes to recreation and tourism
and is used for fishing, mining and farming. It's essential to measure the quality frequently so biotic and abiotic features are surviving in a sustainable
ecology. If the quality isn't maintained, not only will the environment suffer but the recreational and commercial value of water resources will also
reduce (NSW Environment and Heritage, 2014). Water quality is measured using different tests to investigate the pH, temperature, salinity, suspended
solids, light penetration, nitrates and phosphates.
pH
The pH of water is a measure of its degree of acidity or alkalinity (Biology Textbook). Its scale has a minimum of 0 and maximum of 14. The higher
the number the more basic it is, the lower the number, the more acidic it is. A pH of 7 is considered to be neutral. The pH of water determines the
biological availability and solubility of chemical components including nutrients and heavy metals (Department of Ecology, n/d).

Essay On Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
The ecosystem i will be talking about is the Aquatic Ecosystem. A bay called the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay is located near Maryland,
Virginia, New Jersey, and Delaware. There are Mammals in the Bay. Larger creatures that thrive in the Bay are bottlenose dolphins, which are plentiful
in deeper waters but can also be found near harbors. Water mammals share the watershed with the on–land animals such as river otters, the white–tailed
and sika deer, bobcats, marsh rabbits, muskrat, and red fox. Also In theChesapeake Bay there are oyster reefs were there are oysters, mud crabs, and
small fishes. There are also submerged aquatic vegetation were you would see seahorses, blue crabs, and other fish live. The abiotic factors that help my
ecosystem survive are Oxygen, plants, animals, temperature, soil, and water. The chesapeake bay which is located near Maryland, Virginia, New
Jersey, and Delaware has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of those things are Fishing, Pollution, Eutrophication, introduced species, ocean acidification, and anything else that humans put in the water can
affect that ecosystem.
One thing we take from this ecosystem that is common is fishes according to an article titled Human Impacts on Marine Environments it states "
Humans living near the coast have probably always used the ocean as a source of food. However, with advances in fishing equipment, larger ships and
new tracking technologies, many fish stocks around the world have reduced significantly." which means that there is less and less everyday.
We add pollution to the water which is something else affecting our water or aquatic ecosystem like for example in an article it states "Our oceans
have long been used as an intentional dumping ground for all sorts of waste including sewage, industrial run–off and chemicals." when we throw
anything like oil spills, bioaccumulation, and etc can all affect the pollution.

Climate Change And Trout Ecosystems
Increasing temperatures are an immediate threat to the earth and its many diverse ecosystems. Our group chose to take an in depth look at the effects
of climate change on freshwater fish species, specifically on the rising air and freshwater temperatures and how they affect a cold water dwelling fish
species such as the trout. We will explore how the distribution of trout has changed over time with rising temperatures, how fires due toclimate change
affect trout populations, and lastly what the economic impacts of increased water temperatures will be on fisheries. Trout distribution is incredibly
susceptible to climate change. According to a report issued by PNAS, various trout species, including the cutthroat, rainbow, and brown trout... Show
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The only way to save these trout is to ultimately improve human's effect on the environment in order to help save these fish. The rising temperatures
are the main reason these fish have had a declining rate, and one way we as humans can help is by limiting our carbon emissions and the burning of
fossil fuels. It will be a tough task, but possibly putting a cap and trade, basically a tariff on emissions, is one way in which we could help stop the
emissions and eventually help global temperatures fall. The higher global temperatures rise, the more species we will eventually lose, and trout are just
one example of

The Effects Of Climate Change On Ecosystems
Introduction One of the most important environmental influences on ecosystems is climate. Greenhouse gas pollution is acquiring heat in the
atmosphere and inordinately raising global temperatures. Colorado, for example, has warming predictions of 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit by 2025 and up
to 4 degrees by 2050. The impact of climate change can and will affect ecosystems in numerous forms. Such an impact is that warming of the climate
will compel a variety of species to shift to higher elevations in order to find a temperature that more closely relates to the species survival. This
migration can also be related to warming causing tree lines to rise several hundred feet per degree Fahrenheit that temperature rises thus removing
habitat for many species. Warming will also cause a flux in precipitation and snowpack which can lead to wetland areas and stream temperatures to rise
and alter habitats of cold–water fish. Climate change also directly affects sea levels as melting of polar caps are causing them to rise. This can cause
salt water to intrude upon freshwater ecosystems and these species may not be able to adapt and they lose their habitats and must advance elsewhere
or perish. This shock can also cause different predatory and prey species to leave which drastically alters the food chain and causing critters to starve
or migrate to different areas where they may not be able to adapt and causing them to

Marine Ecosystems
Rocky Shore Ecosystems– Point Cartwright
Nicolas Cuny 11B Mr. Nisbett
Due Date: 03/09/2010
Introduction:
On the 23rd of August, the three biology classes or grade 11 at Redlands College visited the rocky shore ecosystems at Point Cartwright in Queensland.
Two different types of rocky shoreecosystem were examined, the rock pool area, and the boulder area. We first examined areas within the rock pool
area. The rock pool area has several specific features which set it apart from other rocky shore ecosystems, including its geological makeup and
position. It is made up of a flat platform of rock pockmarked with numerous rock pools; indents in the rocks which are filled with water and contain ...
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Sea anemones feed from the surrounding water by catching small micro–organisms in their tentacles. For this reason, anemones need constant water to
survive which is why none were observed in the boulder area as an area with constant water cannot be guaranteed. Sand is another factor which is
present in the boulder area, but not in the rock pools. Sea cucumbers were thriving closer to the low tide mark in the boulder area, yet none were
observed in the rock pool area. Sea cucumbers are almost always found laying spread out across the sand, with their feeding tubes out, browsing
along the sand bed. This is the feeding habit of the sea cucumber and it would not be able to carry out this habit without the presence of sand. It is
shown time and time again by the presence and habits of specific organisms in each area that the abiotic factors of each area affect the ability for an
organism to survive in that system.
See next page for transect table taken at Point Cartwright boulder area.
(TRANSECT TABLE INSERT HERE!)
Figure 1: Green Algae
Percentage of Algae Cover (%)
Metres from shore (M)

Figure 2: Limpets
Number of Limpets in Sector
Metres from Shore (M)
As seen in figure one, percentage of cover of green algae in each transect sector decreased the further from shore we travelled, and closer to the low
tide mark. This is a clear example of an organism's ability to thrive depending on its position in the boulder area. This

Coastal Ecosystem Response Paper
Coastal marine ecosystems are a very important part of the coastal economy as well as the natural ecology. Not only do coastal systems provide
socioeconomic benefits such as tourism and aesthetics, but also several ecosystem services. The ecosystem services provided by coast environments
include coastal erosion, storm protection, recreational or commercial fishing, carbon sequestration and filtration (Wingard and Lorenz, 2014).
Unfortunately, these services have been impacted by pressures such as altered flow of freshwater runoff, sea level rise (which in turn also increases the
frequency and intensity of storms) and man–made channels (Wingard and Lorenz, 2014). Another major factor that has impacted and deteriorated
many coastal areas is urbanization... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Cendrero and Fischer (1997), each indicator receives a value between 0 and 1 as well as a weighing factor. The weight for each
indicator is multiplied to the value of each indicator and then these numbers are combine to get a total score. Cendrero and Fischer (1997) then
developed a "conservation–development diagram" that would map the values from the total combination and could determine areas in need of
conservation as well as areas that could potentially developed. On the other hand, Barbosa de Araujo and da Costa (2008) developed a system where
sixty parameters are taken into consideration where natural parameters where given a values of 1, 2 or 3 and socioeconomic parameters were given
qualitative values of either "+" or "–." These were then added and assed on a A–D grading scale. Alternatively, Marshall et al. (2014) developed a
system where each indicators was given a score of 1 (for poor), 2 (for fair) or 3 (for good). These were then added together and compared. A score
between 9 and 14 designated poor condition of the beach. Between 15 and 20 designated fair condition and between 21 and 26 designated good
condition (Marshall et al.,

Changes Of An Ecosystem Can Destroy Environments
Changes to an ecosystem can destroy environments, kill animals, and possibly save some.If there is a change to an ecosystem, it could be in many
different ways. It could be a new predator shows up and decides to live in that ecosystem completely changing the trophic cascade. Maybe helping to
lower down the population of an overpopulated species, or possibly cause one to be underpopulated. Many things could happen, a predator could come
in and eat the deer, causing more prarie grass and just green land, Or possibly the forest is overpopulated in grass, and there is no open land where
grass isn't. There are millions of outcomes depending on the one single tiny change.Anything could happen, Numerous possible outcomes from what
could happen, either good or bad for the environment depending on the change. We could have Animals die, or Animals live, Any of them could
either survive or die, depending on if their food source is eaten, or if it is populated again. The population of many different species could change
because of one Invasive species. This could cause many different animals to either overpopulate or get their population rate going down. Both living
and nonliving organisms could get affected ways that could either help them or hurt them.In the video about the wolves coming back to the
yellowstone park, It explains how the wolves are the keystone species and they are controlling the population of the deer in the park. Hence causing the
grass population to grow higher.

What Is The Difference Between The Ecosystem And Aquatic...
Ecosystem is a natural system consists of all the biotic component in a community interacting with each other as well as with all the abiotic factors to
form a stable and balanced system. Terrestrial ecosystem which is land–based ecosystem includes tundra, taiga, temperate deciduous forest, tropical
rain forest, grassland and desert. Aquatic ecosystem is the ecosystem in the water. It is an interacting system of resources such as water and biota. Water
acts as limiting factor that distinguishes aquatic ecosystem from terrestrial ecosystem and results in differences from many aspects like size structure,
growth rate and nutrient stoichiometry.
Size structure between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem can be distinguished from pyramid of both ecosystem. Aquatic ecosystem
showed inverted pyramid of biomass. Pyramid of biomass, showing the total dry weight and other suitable measure of the total amount of living
matter. Seaweed and kelp are producers in marine. In pyramid of biomass, producers' biomass is least, and increases towards the apex of the
pyramid, thus making the pyramid inverted in shape while at the top of the pyramid is carnivore, most of them are large in size and they will produce
large quantities of biomass such as shark, dolphin, squid and moray eels. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nutrient includes any substances that obtained from the environment and required by an organism to develop like nitrogen and phosphorus but except
oxygen, carbon dioxide and water. Nutrient stoichiometry will affects all levels of the food web. For example, the stoichiometry (proportions) of
nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), in many aquatic systems is changing as a result of both increasing nutrient loads. An ecological
stoichiometric approach is based on the transfer of elements through the food web, not just the flow of carbon

Destroy My Ecosystem
My ecosystem is located in the atlantic ocean. The animals and plants guppies, snails, and a elodea. The abiotic factors that help the ecosystem survive
are the water and the plants.
Some if the provisioning services are energy, seafood, and transportation. Some of the regulating services are : flood prevention, climate regulation,
erosion control, and control of pests. Some of the cultural services are : educational, recreational, and spiritual. Some of the supporting services are :
biological diversity, nutrient recycling, and primary productivity. The things that humans are doing to destroy thisecosystem is that they pollute the
ocean this is true because sometimes oil boats leak and they get into the ocean. Another thing

Efficient and Sustainable Ecosystems
Ecosystem Report:
Introduction:
Ecosystems are everywhere. Any place that contains living and non–living organisms (biotic and abiotic), that share the same space are a community,
this is called an ecosystem. An ecosystem can occupy a large space in the environment, or a very small space. To make up anecosystem, there must be
an interrelationship between the abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem; for example, there must be a series of food–chains in order for the
different species to survive in that particular ecosystem. Another definition of an ecosystem is:
'They consist of all the organisms in a community, their biotic and abiotic environments, and exchanges within and between each of these' (Knox et al.
2010, p. 128).
The purpose of this investigation is to thoroughly study an ecosystem, to expand the knowledge of many who wish to further understand the
environment and its components. By completing this investigation it allows for people to understand the importance and needs for having and
maintaining healthy ecosystems. For example, 'Ecosystems provide food both in their natural state...in the form of managed landscapes' (International
Water Management Institute 2011, p. 11). The investigations of ecosystems are vital in today's society because people can learn how to better treat and
take care of them so they are more efficient and sustainable.
Methods:
Figure 1: This is a map of where the investigation was taken place, and it shows the 2 areas that

Summary Of Wildebeest's Feeding River Ecosystem
Wildebeests feeding river ecosystem for years The article I came upon that caught my interest was how wildebeests help maintain an ecosystem for
years in the Mara River. This subject relates to our unit of study because it shows how a primary consumer and other land ecosystems depend on the
wildebeests to be able to flourish. This shows that producers could get their food from primary consumers in special cases and how other organisms
benefit from the drowning of thousands of wildebeests. In the article it states that, an average 6,000 wildebeests drown each year in river crossing.
Subalusky and her colleagues search to see how all that meat and bone affected the river ecosystem. They retrieved dead wildebeests from the water to
test what

Balancing Ecosystems
Nasirah Halstead
ENV/100
August 25, 2014
Sharon White, Instructor
Dear City Council: I am writing you concerning matters of restoring balance to the city's ecosystem. An ecosystem is a factor in the biological
community that consists of occurrences locally, chemical factors, as well as physical, make up the environment non–living or abiotic. The unbalanced
ecosystem in Sparksville's aquatic system is the situation at hand. The boundaries of this ecosystem are being addressed for reasons having to do with
the goal of restoring the lake back to normal. The invasions of Grass Carp have made it almost impossible for the rest of the underwater community to
be in existence. The changes in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The leaves of the new plants can contain chemicals that add to the ecosystem problem in the lake. Many more problems can occur within the
environment, leaving animals are to feed off of the non–native harmful crops, and the chain will go on because humans feed off of animals. Ultimately
the entire community can be affected by this Carp problem. Keep in mind it is not the intent of the invasive species to be invasive or they start off
being invasive then the ecosystem will find a unique way of bringing everything under control on its own. The ecosystem in town possesses many
mechanisms that it needs to keep the whole system equally balanced. The dynamics to help persons in this city strive and restore include predation; the
need to prey on other animals is how a species survive, but it should be under control. Conditions and temperature play a large role as well. It is the
responsibility of the humans to control the conditions that come into the town by understanding the animals and fish that come into the environment
and lake. The environment needs the help and support of the community to be successful. When everyone is working together and not against each
other things tend to come together easier because everyone is working towards the same goal and objective. Prairie Dog Festival held each summer
celebrates the community's environment awareness. Sparksville is facing a hardship, and the goal is to get things back in order

Ecosystem
Biotic
Pertaining to living organisms.
Carrying capacity
A maximum number of individuals or maximum population density that a habitat can support.
Community
All the organisms that live within a given area.
Consumer
An organism that obtains food from other living organisms.
Ecological succession
Changes in the species composition of an ecosystem following a disturbance.
Ecology
The study of how organisms interact with their environments.
Ecosystem
All the organisms that live within a given area and all the abiotic features of their environment.
Exponential growth
A model of population growth in which a population grows at a rate proportional to its size.
Life history strategy
The position a population of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.

What organisms are at the base of a food chain or food web?
6.
What role do decomposers play? What organisms function as decomposers in most communities?
7.
Can two species have the same niche in a community? Why or why not?
8.
What is parasitism? What are some examples of parasitism?
9.
What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?
21.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
10.
All organisms need energy in order to grow, reproduce, and perform the activities necessary for survival. Where does this energy come from ultimately?
11.
How does sunlight energy enter the biotic world?
12.
How much of the energy at one trophic level becomes available to the next trophic level, on average? What happens to the rest?
13.
What is an energy pyramid?
21.4 Kinds of Ecosystems
14.
What are some of the factors that determine the types of organisms that live in a certain habitat?
15.
What is the primary variable used to classify habitats into major biomes?
16.
Give an example of a biome where the soil is nutrient–poor, and of one where soil is nutrient–rich.
17.
Why are fires essential to savanna habitats?
18.
What are some features of plants found in desert habitats?
19.
What are the three life zones found in aquatic lake habitats?
20.
What's the difference between plankton and nekton?
21.
What is the intertidal zone, and what are some of the organisms that live there?

21.5 Change in an Ecosystem
22.
What is the difference between primary and

Impact Of The Gypsy Moth On Ecosystems
How does the Gypsy Moth impact Ecosystems? The Gypsy Moth can impact over 500 types of trees as the moths eat the bark, and leaves killing
trees one by one. When the moths eat the trees it can affect the many benefits trees provide to the biosphere. Also, forest defoliation can cause a
loss of wildlife's habitats, can increase chances of wildfires, and water quality. The gypsy moth can kill millions of acres in one year. What is
currently being done to address this issue? One great thing people are doing is by teaching others to be able to identify the invasive species in all the
stage of life. You can remove the eggs from the trees by soaking them in soapy water or burning them, this kills them and helps to remove any moths
from the tree

Description Of Aquatic Ecosystems : An Aquatic Ecosystem
Description of Aquatic Ecosystems
An aquatic ecosystem is a vital part of the Earth's vigorous process and is indispensable for a sustainable Earth and its inhabitants. With aquatic
ecosystems we have three different types: 1) Lentic, which is a slow moving body of water such as a pond, lake or pool; 2) Lotic, which is a faster
moving body of water such as rivers, streams and oceans; and 3) wetlands, which serve as a filtration system between land and water, cutting down on
pollution and providing nutrients to plants and wildlife, as well as a safe haven. Aquatic ecosystems are considered to be nature's filtration systems and
they inhabit living organisms that depend on their viability. Watersheds are a part of anecosystem, and we depend on these watersheds for water to
drink, for the water to evaporate then become precipitation and water the plants, refill the rivers, lakes, and oceans. The Earth's ecosystems are in
great danger if policy, procedures and ways of thinking do not immediately change. We are vital to the survival of ecosystems, and ecosystems are vital
for our survival.
Ecosystem Services
There are all kinds of services that ecosystems provide. In the presentations from Module 3, services listed are:
Resource provision – water and food
Cultural and recreational activities
Regulating environmental processes – regulating climatic conditions, wastewater treatment, and erosion control
Supporting roles for nutrient and hydrologic cycles, soil formation

Biome: The Taiga Ecosystem
Ecology is defined as: "the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings."
(Dictionary.com). My chosen biome was the taiga, a frigid and desolate ecosystem found in higher elevated areas. My partner, Elizabeth, had rivers
and streams. Both of these ecosystems are vastly different yet share quite a few similarities as mentioned below. The taigaecosystem is the largest
terrestrial biome, mostly found in Asia, Europe, and parts of the North American continent. The average temperature in this biome is 32в„‰, though
the highest temperature ever recorded in a taiga ecosystem is 104в„‰, while the winters can fall below 26в„‰. Evergreen coniferous trees cover a
majority of this biome as

Human's Role In Louisiana Ecosystems
An ecosystem is the inclusion of all living and nonliving things, in a given area, interacting with one another. Each organism in the ecosystem has a
specific role to play. Anytime, an external factor is introduced to an ecosystem there is a chance of a disaster or possible threat of a disaster.
Unfortunately ecosystems have been destroyed or disrupted by volcano eruptions, floods, storms, and fires. Sadly, activity of humans has contributed
negative affects to the disturbance of countless ecosystems. Nevertheless, Louisiana is known for their abundance of wetlands, and swamps,
Louisiana's fragile wetlands cover 10,000 square miles. Marshes, swamps, and bayous extend 30 miles inland from the mouth of the Mississippi river,
and represent 10

The Importance of Ecosystem Management and Protection.
Recent growth in scientific knowledge has helped humanity comprehend the complex relationships in ecosystems and the devastating effects of human
interference. As a result we have become increasingly aware of the need to protect and manage the ecosystems that we do have remaining for their
utility, genetic, intrinsic and heritage values and also for the need to allow natural change and thus evolution to take place. Natural ecosystems have
provided much that has been of benefit to humanity and with careful protection it can last for many more generations. Management strategies involving
sustainable development, total preservation and the educating of the populace are becoming progressively more important in today's society and for the
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As seen in numerous examples where wild varieties of species have been crossbred with cultivated varieties to obtain disease resistant or high crop
yielding new varieties, without the genetic diversity available, none of it would be possible. In 1860's the European vineyards were completely
destroyed by phylloxera but later grafting with an American species led to a variety resistant to the disease. Also Indian rice was discovered to be
resistant to two viruses and after implementation, led to an improved yield on 30million hectares in Asia. A single gene from a barley growing in
Ethiopia protects the entire Californian barley crop worth $US 150million/yr from the yellow dwarf disease.
It can be seen that there are linked crossovers between reasons for management and the usefulness of ecosystems. Wild strains of species, many as
of yet undiscovered, have desirable properties, such as disease resistance and increased crop yield, which tend to be lost in successive generations
with selective breeding under artificial conditions. Natural ecosystems should be maintained so as new genes can be added from the wild
populations to keep crops resistant to diseases which continue to develop new strains. The ecosystems also may yield new species of plants and
animals suitable for use in cultivation and grazing. Examples include red deer, the loblolly pine and kiwi fruit that have recently been added to
agriculture and forestry economic lists. The merino sheep variety is

Rainforest Biome Ecosystem Analysis
The biome ecosystem of the rainforest is a wonderful place, full of animals, color, and life. It has the largest diversity of living organism and plants
on earth, with rich biodiversity. The Rainforest supports about 50% of the plants and animal living on earth. The rainforest is located in a tropical
region. This allows them to receives lots of sunlight, giving plants the energy they need and a wide variety of food for the organisms. Therainforest
provides an abundance of sources of shelter, food, and hiding places for animals to grow and develop. The rainforest not only provides life for plants
and animals but is also provides life to human beings like us. The rainforest plays many roles in our life. Which includes absorbing the carbon dioxide,
and producing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When forests are cut down it disturbs the climate and weather pattern on earth and threatens millions of organism and plants already living there.
There's consequences to these actions; human are forgetting about the lives that lives in these forest. Animals are either left to die or having to move
away and find another place to live, leaving the place they once called home. Human activities has also caused climate change. This has huge effects
on the rainforest. According to the FAO's Global Forest Resource Assessment in 2015, forest destruction are happening frequently. This causes
damages to the quality of the forest decreasing the chances of goods that are able to be produced. Human activities not only cause harm to the animals
and creatures that live there but also to their own health is in danger. 250 different species of animals are found in the United states and Canada but
their population are slowly decreasing due to forest depletion. The world resources institution guessed that around 1990 and 2020 that deforestation
would cause 5–15% of the species in the world to be

Description Of Aquatic Ecosystems : The Aquatic Ecosystem
Description of Aquatic Ecosystems
The aquatic ecosystem is a vital part of the Earth's vigorous process and is indispensable for a sustainable Earth and its inhabitants. There are
different types of aquatic ecosystems 1) fresh water ecosystems, such as rivers, lakes and ponds 2) Saltwater ecosystems, such as oceans, inlets and
bays, and 3) wetlands (both fresh and saltwater), which serve as a filtration systems between dry land and bodies of water. Because wetlands serve as
filtration systems, they help by diminishing pollution and providing nutrients to plants and wildlife, as well as a providing a safe haven. Living
organisms that inhabit these aquatic ecosystems fully rely on the viability and health of the ecosystems.
Watersheds are a large part of an ecosystem that "is the land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place" (EPA.
2012). For example, when water evaporates and turns into precipitation, the water collected on the ground either runs off into a nearby river or
stream, or is absorbed by the Earth's surface; below the Earth's surface (and surface sources of water), you will more than likely discover an aquifer.
The filtration process from the time the precipitation hits the Earth's surface and travels to the aquifer can take years depending on the depth of the
aquifer. By the time the water reaches the aquifer, without any other impeding variables, the water will be pure enough for consummation. We depend
on these

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