occupational health and safety (ohs) slides

2. 2
TOPICS
• General Concepts in
Occupational Health and Safety
(OHS) and Safety Culture
• Principles of Labor Law and Place
of Occupational Health and
Safety
• Occupational Health and Safety
law
• OHS Services
• Special Risk Groups in Working
Life, Shift Work and Night Shift
• Ethics in OHS
• OHS Management System
• Work Hygiene, Hazards at
Workplace
• Ergonomics
• Physical Risk Factors
• Biological Risk Factors
• Chemical Risk Factors
• Emergency Management and
First Aid

3. OHS 401
AIM
• To understand the basic principles of OHS and the importance of safety culture.
LEARNING GOALS
Ensuring and Maintaining Safety Culture
• Understanding the Safety Culture and Learning the Benefits of Enterprise
• To learn the basic principles of OHS,
• To learn legal dimensions of OHS,
• Hazard – Risk – Risk Assessment and Commentate the effects on OHS
• To learn basic prevention methods
• To learn the necessity of emergency and first aid
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4. The term ‘safety culture’ first made its appearance in the
International Atomic Energy Agency’s initial report following
the Chernobyl disaster (IAEA, 1986).
Since then inquiries into major accidents have found faults in
the organizational structures and safety management systems,
throwing the importance of safety culture into the spotlight
There is still no universally recognized and respected definition
or model of the Safety Culture
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SAFETY CULTURE

5. SAFETY CULTURE
• The HSE’s Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations
(ACSNI: HSC, 1993) produced a definition of safety culture:
• ‘The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and
group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of
behaviour that determine the commitment to, and the style and
proficiency of, an organization’s health and safety management’ (HSC,
1993).
• ‘Organizations with a positive safety culture are characterized by
communications founded on mutual trust, shared perceptions of the
importance of safety, and by confidence in the efficacy of preventive
measures’ (HSC, 1993).
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6. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
OHS:
During operations; a series of measures taken
•to protect the employee from adverse health effects
•to prevent them from accidents
and
•to eliminate or to reduce the potential for financial and
spiritual loss
in short, to create a safe work environment.
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7. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
•For employee;
○ Preserve from adverse health
effects,
○ Prevent occupational accidents.
• For environment;
 Prevent long-term environmental
pollution
• For economy;
– Reduce or eliminate financial and
spiritual loss
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8. OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering
Faculty of Gazi Üniversity
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FOR WHAT OHS?
Working in a healthy and safe
environment is one of the most basic
human rights for all employees!!!

9. Hazard, Risk and Other
Related Concepts
OHS401; 2021-22 Fall Semester;
Engineering Faculty of Gazi Üniversity
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10. HAZARD DEFINITIONS
TDK: A situation that can lead to large damage or destruction; likely to
happen but not unwanted case.
TS OHSAS 18001:2008 Standard : A resource, condition or action that can
cause injury or deterioration of people or their co-occurrence.
6331 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW
Potential which exists at the workplace or may arise from outside the
workplace to cause harm or damage which could affect the worker or the
workplace;
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HAZARD and RISK

11. RISK DEFINITIONS
TDK : Possibility of occurrence of an event.
TS OHSAS 18001:2008 Standard: The combination of the probability of a
hazardous event or exposure and the degree of seriousness of injury or
health impairment that may be caused by these.
6331 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY LAW: Probability of loss,
injury or other harmful result arising from hazard
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HAZARD and RISK

12. Risk assessment process
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HAZARD and RISK
Identification of hazards
Factors leading to risk
Determination of risks
Analysis of risks
Deciding measures

13. HOT TEA

14. İSG 401; 2018-19 GÜZ DÖNEMİ; Gazi
Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
14
Identification of the hazard: Hot tea in the mug or cup on the
table.
What are the factors that lead to risk: The cup is close to my
arm, the table is inclined , the floor of the table is distorted or
oblique.
What is the risk: The possibility of burning as a result of pouring
the tea on me.
possibility & severity
HOT TEA

15. İSG 401; 2018-19 GÜZ DÖNEMİ; Gazi
Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
15
Analysis of Risks: To analyze the degree of burning of the glass with a
several methods. Being on the edge of the table increases the possibility
of falling. Very hot tea in the cup increases the degree of burning.
Deciding the measures: - I can use thermos instead of mug and close it
after every sip. (I'm reducing the possibility of pouring or spilling)
Drinking warm tea instead of hot.
How do I remove the hazard?
very simp I don't drink tea
HOT TEA

16. 16
HAZARD
-potantial-
THE FACTORS CAUSING
THE HAZARD TO TURN
INTO RISK
RISK
-probability -
Electric cable The electric cable has
open ends and is located
in the work environment
Touching open ends and
occuring an electric shock.
Sea One watching the water
leaning from the boat
The person falling into the
water and drowning
Toxic chemical
substance
Placing the substance in
the water bottle and not
labeling it
Someone who thinks chemical
as water drink chemical and
poising of this person.
Height Working in a high place,
lack of safety rail
The person died or was injured
as a result of falling.
HAZARDand RISK

17. OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT
OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT: (6331)
Any occurrence;
taking place at the workplace or due to the
performance of work
which leads to
death or
physical or mental impairment to the physical
integrity of the victim;
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18. NEAR-MISS:
An event, occuring in the workplace,
has the potential to damage the employee, workplace or
equipment
but it does not cause any damage.
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NEAR-MISS

19. OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering
Faculty of Gazi Üniversity
19

20. HAZARD & NEAR-MISS & ACCIDENT
1
3
2
?

21. Occupational Disease
(according to 6331 Law)
Any illness caused by exposure to occupational risks.
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OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE

22. Identification of hazards
Identification of risks
Risk analysis
Deciding on risk control measures
Implementation of risk control measures
Monitoring of applications.
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RISK ASSESSMENT

23. 1. Hazards identification: Before hazards are identified; information on
the working environment, employees and the workplace is collected.
For example: substances used in the workplace, work carried out in the
workplace, operations and processes, production processes and
techniques
The hazards are then identified / determined according to this
information.
2. Identification of risks: The risks are determined by considering each of
the identified hazards separately. Such as how often the risks may occur,
and who or what can be harmed how and in what severity can these risks
occur.
3.Risk analysis: Risks are analyzed by one or several methods. Risks are
ranked at the highest risk level and written.
İSG 401; 2018-19 GÜZ DÖNEMİ; Gazi
Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
23
RISK ASSESSMENT

24. 4. Deciding on Risk Control Measures: measures to be taken are
decided to eliminate the risk completely and if this is not possible;
to reduce the risk to an acceptable level
Acceptable risk level: The level of risk that is consistent with legal
obligations and the workplace prevention policy, which will not
result in loss or injury.
İSG 401; 2018-19 GÜZ DÖNEMİ; Gazi
Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
24
RISK ASSESSMENT

25. 5. Implementation of Risk Control Measures: Plans including
work and process steps of the agreed measures, person or
workplace department, responsible person or workplace
section, start and end date and similar information are
prepared. These plans are implemented by the employer.
6. Monitoring of applications: The implementation steps of
the prepared plans are regularly monitored, inspected and
identified, and then corrective and preventive actions are
completed.
İSG 401; 2018-19 GÜZ DÖNEMİ; Gazi
Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi
25
RISK ASSESSMENT

26. COSTS OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT
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Apparent Cost (can be calculated)
• Medical Treatment expences
• Insurence indemnity
• Equipment repair or replacement,
• Labour loss hence halt or slowdown
in manufacture
• Overtime work
• Facing legal obligations and
responsibilities, administrative fines
• Legal expenses (court costs) and
other indemnity charges.

27. COSTS OF OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT
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Hidden Cost (can not be calculated)
• Cause of Accident/disease research
cost
• Learning time of replacement
employee
• Loss of yield and time
• Adverse effects on other employees
• Time loss of managers during judicial
investigation
• Loss of prestige

28. BENEFITS OF OHS
Following costs do not occur thanks to OHS
○ Medical expenses (loss of health in work-related
accidents and work-related illnesses - treatment of
diseases),
○ insurance indemnity
○ Court expenses
○ Equipment repair costs
○ Loss of production
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29. INDIRECT BENEFITS OF OHS
○ Spend money resources on renewing equipment
instead of medical expenses, environmental cleaning,
case expenses, insurance indemnity
○ Employee happiness
○ Company prestige
○ Productivity and performance
○ Profitability
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30. 30

31. TO PREVENT
RISK ASSESSMENT
To take precautions by making
risk assessment in order to
prevent any unwanted events.
Eliminate the risk, if not
completely disposed off, take it
to an acceptable level
TO REDUCE IMPACT
Being ready for accident
EMERGENCY PLAN
Considering the possibility of
occurrence of adverse events
despite the measures taken;
pre-measures are prepared to
reduce the impact of the event
before it occurs.
For example; to keep fire
fighting equipment ready for
use.
** PRO-ACTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT **
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32. PRO-ACTIVE
RISK
MANAGEMENT
OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering
Faculty of Gazi Üniversity 32

33. HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
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TORNA TEZGAHINDA ÇALIŞMA
Source of
Hazard Risk Risk control measures
Lathe
bench
• An injury or eye loss as a
result of splashing of the
spark into the eyes of the
employee
• placing a mechanical barrier
between the employee and
the point of exit sparks
• Using glasses
• Injury or death from electric
shock • Insulation
Lathe Work

34. OHS401; 2019-20 Fall Semester; Engineering
Faculty of Gazi Üniversity
34
Working at height
Source of
Hazard Risk Risk control measures
Working at
height
• Injury or death by falling from
height due to loss of balance
• Guardrail construction
• Using a seat belt
HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL

35. PSİKOLOJİK (Çalışan karakteri) SOSYOLOJİK (Toplumun çalışana etkisi)
• Ignorance
• Age and experience,
• Carelessness,
• Stress,
• Emotional status,
• Incompetence/insufficient
• Family culture,
• Community culture
• Guilty
• Failure to agree with others,
• Hostility and dissappointment
• Bad habit
Physiological employer attitude
physical disorders
• Eye disorders
• Hearing loss
• Overtime,
• Continuous night shift,
• Unfair practice/treatment among
employees,
• Lack of control.
Human Factors Causing Accident
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Psychological (character of employee) Sociological (effect of society on employee)

36. Workplace Factors
Unsafety Situations
- Unsafety and unhealthy
environment
- Insufficient Lighting,
- Insufficient Ventilation,
- Messy workingplace
- Unclosed Blanks,
- Ungrounded Electrical
Machines.
- Unsafe Workingplace,
- Non-ergonomic Machine and
Hand Tool,
- Unprotected Machines and
unsuitable tools
- Dangerous Height Stack,
- Uncontrolled and tested
Pressure Vessels,
- flammable and explosive
materials
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37. Occupational Health and Safety Law No. 6331
and
Regulations based on this Law is available.
Object of this law is
to regulate duties, authority, responsibility, rights and obligations
of employers and workers in order to ensure occupational health
and safety at workplaces and to improve existing health and
safety conditions.
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OHS in Our Country

38. This law has brought some obligations to the employer such as;
• Taking all kinds of measures,
• making risk assessments,
• Do not reflect the cost of occupational health and safety
measures to employees
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OHS in Our Country