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Kevin Foster O’Donnell
founder @ threadcollaborative
Wise Power Use Expo
November 3, 2010
Buildings & Energy
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Muscle Power
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Water Power
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Wind Power
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Ancient Sunlight
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Ancient Sunlight
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Ancient Sunlight
1kg 41,786 Btu1kg = 23,258 Btu
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Billions
160,000
B.C.
100,000
B.C.
10,000
B.C.
7,000
B.C.
6,000
B.C.
5,000
B.C.
4,000
B.C.
3,000
B.C.
2,000
B.C.
1,000
B.C.
1
A.D.
1,000
A.D.
2,000
A.D.
8
9
7
2,150
A.D.
2006 6.5 billion
1945 2.3 billion
2050 9.1 billion
1492 500 million
1776 1 billionFirst Modern
Humans
Global Population
source: United Nations
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Change in Affluence
source: United Nations
United Kingdom USA South Korea China
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Diminishing Supply
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Take - Make - Waste System
Raw Materials
Manufacturing
Packaging & Transport
Use & Maintenance
Waste
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Indian Ocean
Gyre
North Pacific Gyre
South Pacific Gyre
North Atlantic
Gyre
South
Atlantic
Gyre
South
Atlantic
Gyre
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
MillionMetricTons
CO2 Emissions
start of the 20th Century !
end of WWII - start of the Baby Boom !
500
1500
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
1980
Source: NASA
Arctic Seasonal Ice Melt
source: NASA
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
2007
Source: NASA
Arctic Seasonal Ice Melt
source: NASA
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
1979 1990 2007
Greenland Seasonal Ice Melt
source: NASA/GSFC
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
MetricTonsofCarbon(millions)
18%
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
U.S. CO2 Emissions
source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
MetricTonsofCarbon(millions)
34%
18%
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
U.S. CO2 Emissions
source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
MetricTonsofCarbon(millions)
48%
34%
18%
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
U.S. CO2 Emissions
source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Residential Commercial Other
20% 18% 10%
U.S. CO2 Emissions
source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
Buildings - 48%
In 1979, the US energy industry
landscape was dramatically changed.
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Growth(billionkWh)
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
oil
U.S. Energy Production Fuels
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Growth(billionkWh)
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
oil
renewables
U.S. Energy Production Fuels
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Growth(billionkWh)
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
oil
renewables
natural gas
U.S. Energy Production Fuels
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Growth(billionkWh)
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
oil
renewables
natural gas
nuclear
U.S. Energy Production Fuels
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Growth(billionkWh)
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
600
750
900
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
oil
renewables
natural gas
nuclear
coal
U.S. Energy Production Fuels
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
coal - 55%
nuclear - 20%
gas - 18%
hydro - 4%
oil - 2%
solar/wind - 1%
U.S. Energy Production
source: 2008 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
coal - 55%
nuclear - 20%
gas - 18%
hydro - 4%
oil - 2%
solar/wind - 1%
75%
Fossil Fuels
U.S. Energy Production
source: 2008 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
coal - 2%
nuclear - 20%
gas - 47%
hydro - 18%
oil - 3%
solar/wind - 10%
CA Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
CA Energy Production
source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
coal - 2%
nuclear - 20%
gas - 47%
hydro - 18%
oil - 3%
solar/wind - 10%
52%
Fossil Fuels
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation)
(kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data)
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Energy Conservation
source: 2008 Energy Efficiency in California Report, California Energy Commission
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
2005 Differences
= 5,300kWh/yr
= $165/capita
Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation)
(kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data)
United States
California
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Energy Conservation
source: 2008 Energy Efficiency in California Report, California Energy Commission
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Residential Commercial Other
20% 18% 10%
U.S. CO2 Emissions
source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
Buildings - 48%
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Retailer Stores Total SF Area in Chain
WalMart 4,091 923,136,390
Home Depot 2,215 287,950,000
The Kroger Company 3,645 144,483,350
Costco Wholesale 513 68,229,000
Target Corporation 1,537 295,202,368
Sears Holdings 3,800 342,000,000
Walgreens Company 5,858 82,012,000
Lowe’s Companies 1,425 165,300,000
CVS Corporation 6,200 71,300,000
Safeway Incorporated 1,755 80,730,000
31,039 2,460,343,108
U.S. Largest Retailers
source: 2008 Corporate web sites & Hoovers
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
2,460,343,108
13.4
insanity
x
sf
kWh
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
32,968,597 mWh
Nevada
32,500,630 mWh
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Alaska
Delaware
Hawaii
Idaho
Maine
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Mexico
North Dakota
Rhode Island
South Dakota
Utah
Vermont
West Virginia
Wyoming
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
heating - 25%
cooling - 13%
electronics & computers - 9%
water heating - 12%
lighting - 11%
cooking - 5%
refrigeration - 7%
wash & clean - 6%
other - 13%
How does a typical residential building use energy?
Building Energy Consumption
source: 2003 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
heating - 25%
cooling - 13%
electronics & computers - 9%
water heating - 12%
lighting - 11%
cooking - 5%
refrigeration - 7%
wash & clean - 6%
other - 13%
61%
How does a typical residential building use energy?
Building Energy Consumption
source: 2003 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Building Energy Consumption
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Demolition and Recycling
Operating Energy
Induced Energy Grey Energy
Embodied Energy
Time (years)
10 20 30 40 50 60
EnergyConsumption(MWh/m2)
Building Energy Use Over Time
source: UN Environment Programme - Buildings and Climate Change Report - referenced table by Jones, 1998
60years
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan
Material Btu/lb.
Baled Straw 6,499
Stone (local) 21,685
Concrete Block 24,388
Concrete 35,199
Lumber 67,696
Brick 67,696
Gypsum Wallboard 165,185
Particle Board 216,665
Aluminum (recycled) 219,367
Steel (recycled) 240,990
Plywood 281,658
Material Btu/lb.
Mineral Wool Insulation 395,365
Glass 430,564
Fiberglass Insulation 820,524
Steel 866,534
PVC 1,895,615
Copper 1,911,832
Paint 2,526,565
Linoleum 3,141,298
Polystyrene Insulation 3,168,389
Carpet (synthetic) 4,007,832
Aluminum 6,147,204
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
Embodied Energy
source: Cole and Kernan
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
24%of World Energy
17%
Used by U.S.
Buildings
World Energy
source: 2005 Energy Information Administration
Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
!
!
thank
you
kevin@threadcollaborative.com

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Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo Insights

  • 1. Kevin Foster O’Donnell founder @ threadcollaborative Wise Power Use Expo November 3, 2010 Buildings & Energy
  • 2. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 3. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Muscle Power
  • 4. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Water Power
  • 5. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Wind Power
  • 6. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Ancient Sunlight
  • 7. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Ancient Sunlight
  • 8. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Ancient Sunlight 1kg 41,786 Btu1kg = 23,258 Btu
  • 9. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Billions 160,000 B.C. 100,000 B.C. 10,000 B.C. 7,000 B.C. 6,000 B.C. 5,000 B.C. 4,000 B.C. 3,000 B.C. 2,000 B.C. 1,000 B.C. 1 A.D. 1,000 A.D. 2,000 A.D. 8 9 7 2,150 A.D. 2006 6.5 billion 1945 2.3 billion 2050 9.1 billion 1492 500 million 1776 1 billionFirst Modern Humans Global Population source: United Nations
  • 10. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 11. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Change in Affluence source: United Nations United Kingdom USA South Korea China
  • 12. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 13. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 14. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Diminishing Supply
  • 15. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Take - Make - Waste System Raw Materials Manufacturing Packaging & Transport Use & Maintenance Waste
  • 16. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 17. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Great Pacific Garbage Patch Indian Ocean Gyre North Pacific Gyre South Pacific Gyre North Atlantic Gyre South Atlantic Gyre South Atlantic Gyre
  • 18. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 19. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 20. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 MillionMetricTons CO2 Emissions start of the 20th Century ! end of WWII - start of the Baby Boom ! 500 1500
  • 21. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 1980 Source: NASA Arctic Seasonal Ice Melt source: NASA
  • 22. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 2007 Source: NASA Arctic Seasonal Ice Melt source: NASA
  • 23. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 1979 1990 2007 Greenland Seasonal Ice Melt source: NASA/GSFC
  • 24. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative MetricTonsofCarbon(millions) 18% 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 U.S. CO2 Emissions source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
  • 25. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative MetricTonsofCarbon(millions) 34% 18% 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 U.S. CO2 Emissions source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
  • 26. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative MetricTonsofCarbon(millions) 48% 34% 18% 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 U.S. CO2 Emissions source: 2006 Energy Information Administration
  • 27. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Residential Commercial Other 20% 18% 10% U.S. CO2 Emissions source: 2006 Energy Information Administration Buildings - 48%
  • 28. In 1979, the US energy industry landscape was dramatically changed. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 29. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative
  • 30. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Growth(billionkWh) -300 -150 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 oil U.S. Energy Production Fuels
  • 31. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Growth(billionkWh) -300 -150 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 oil renewables U.S. Energy Production Fuels
  • 32. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Growth(billionkWh) -300 -150 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 oil renewables natural gas U.S. Energy Production Fuels
  • 33. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Growth(billionkWh) -300 -150 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 oil renewables natural gas nuclear U.S. Energy Production Fuels
  • 34. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Growth(billionkWh) -300 -150 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 97 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 oil renewables natural gas nuclear coal U.S. Energy Production Fuels
  • 35. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative coal - 55% nuclear - 20% gas - 18% hydro - 4% oil - 2% solar/wind - 1% U.S. Energy Production source: 2008 Energy Information Administration
  • 36. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative coal - 55% nuclear - 20% gas - 18% hydro - 4% oil - 2% solar/wind - 1% 75% Fossil Fuels U.S. Energy Production source: 2008 Energy Information Administration
  • 37. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative coal - 2% nuclear - 20% gas - 47% hydro - 18% oil - 3% solar/wind - 10% CA Energy Production source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration
  • 38. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative CA Energy Production source: 2005 US Energy Information Administration coal - 2% nuclear - 20% gas - 47% hydro - 18% oil - 3% solar/wind - 10% 52% Fossil Fuels
  • 39. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation) (kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data) 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 Energy Conservation source: 2008 Energy Efficiency in California Report, California Energy Commission
  • 40. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 2005 Differences = 5,300kWh/yr = $165/capita Per Capita Electricity Sales (not including self-generation) (kWh/person) (2006 to 2008 are forecast data) United States California 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 Energy Conservation source: 2008 Energy Efficiency in California Report, California Energy Commission
  • 41. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Residential Commercial Other 20% 18% 10% U.S. CO2 Emissions source: 2006 Energy Information Administration Buildings - 48%
  • 42. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Retailer Stores Total SF Area in Chain WalMart 4,091 923,136,390 Home Depot 2,215 287,950,000 The Kroger Company 3,645 144,483,350 Costco Wholesale 513 68,229,000 Target Corporation 1,537 295,202,368 Sears Holdings 3,800 342,000,000 Walgreens Company 5,858 82,012,000 Lowe’s Companies 1,425 165,300,000 CVS Corporation 6,200 71,300,000 Safeway Incorporated 1,755 80,730,000 31,039 2,460,343,108 U.S. Largest Retailers source: 2008 Corporate web sites & Hoovers
  • 43. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 2,460,343,108 13.4 insanity x sf kWh
  • 44. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 32,968,597 mWh Nevada 32,500,630 mWh
  • 45. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Alaska Delaware Hawaii Idaho Maine Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico North Dakota Rhode Island South Dakota Utah Vermont West Virginia Wyoming
  • 46. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative heating - 25% cooling - 13% electronics & computers - 9% water heating - 12% lighting - 11% cooking - 5% refrigeration - 7% wash & clean - 6% other - 13% How does a typical residential building use energy? Building Energy Consumption source: 2003 Energy Information Administration
  • 47. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative heating - 25% cooling - 13% electronics & computers - 9% water heating - 12% lighting - 11% cooking - 5% refrigeration - 7% wash & clean - 6% other - 13% 61% How does a typical residential building use energy? Building Energy Consumption source: 2003 Energy Information Administration
  • 48. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Building Energy Consumption
  • 49. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Demolition and Recycling Operating Energy Induced Energy Grey Energy Embodied Energy Time (years) 10 20 30 40 50 60 EnergyConsumption(MWh/m2) Building Energy Use Over Time source: UN Environment Programme - Buildings and Climate Change Report - referenced table by Jones, 1998 60years
  • 50. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Embodied Energy source: Cole and Kernan Material Btu/lb. Baled Straw 6,499 Stone (local) 21,685 Concrete Block 24,388 Concrete 35,199 Lumber 67,696 Brick 67,696 Gypsum Wallboard 165,185 Particle Board 216,665 Aluminum (recycled) 219,367 Steel (recycled) 240,990 Plywood 281,658 Material Btu/lb. Mineral Wool Insulation 395,365 Glass 430,564 Fiberglass Insulation 820,524 Steel 866,534 PVC 1,895,615 Copper 1,911,832 Paint 2,526,565 Linoleum 3,141,298 Polystyrene Insulation 3,168,389 Carpet (synthetic) 4,007,832 Aluminum 6,147,204
  • 51. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Embodied Energy source: Cole and Kernan
  • 52. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Embodied Energy source: Cole and Kernan
  • 53. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative Embodied Energy source: Cole and Kernan
  • 54. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative 24%of World Energy 17% Used by U.S. Buildings World Energy source: 2005 Energy Information Administration
  • 55.
  • 56. Buildings & Energy Wise Power Use Expo threadcollaborative ! ! thank you kevin@threadcollaborative.com