Manfred Horn [English] The Lima Smart Villages Workshop aimed to facilitate the analysis and exchange between the public and private sectors and civil society, from first-hand experiences in the field of energy in rural off-grid communities. Topics for discussion include rural electrification; energy generation and distribution; the inclusion of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy matrix; productive use of energy in rural communities; clean cooking technologies; efficient heating; and rural energy entrepreneurship. The discussions are aimed at outlining new prospects for reducing rural poverty in South American countries through the access and use of sustainable energy sources. [Español] Dinamizar el análisis e intercambio entre el sector público y privado, a partir de experiencias en el campo de la electrificación rural fuera de la red, la generación distribuida y la penetración de las energías renovables en la matriz energética; a fin de esbozar nuevas perspectivas para reducir la pobreza en América Latina. More info: http://e4sv.org/events/lima-smart-villages-workshop/

1. Forum
Sustainable energy sources for rural electrification in off-grid
communities in South America: Challenges and Prospects
24 - 26 January 2016, Lima, Peru.
Session 3: Renewable energies: the view of Academia and Private Sector
Healthy and sustainable lighting
for the poor people
The case of Peru
Manfred Horn
Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Peru
mhorn@uni.edu.pe

2. IANAS Energy Program:
Guide toward a Sustainable Energy Future for the Americas:
Academies of Science proposing a new path;
Chapter 4 (*):
Energy for unserved population. Meeting the Basic Energy
Needs of the Poorest People in Latin America and the
Caribbean (LAC)
4.1. Energy and poverty
4.2. Energy for cooking
4.3 Energy for lighting
4.4. Energy for heating
(*) authors:
Monica Gómez, Rafael Espinoza, Manfred Horn
National Engineering University, Lima, Peru

3. Electricity consumption per capita for some LAC countries, in
relation to the GDP per capita (data from WB and CEPAL)
Mean relation : 6.7 US$/ kWh
4.1. Energy and poverty

4. Access to electricity in 2012 and poverty in 1999-2002 ( )
and 2011-2013 ( ) , in rural areas (data from WB and CEPAL)

5. 4.3 Energy for lighting
For modern, healthy and sustainable lighting one
needs electricity
Without electricity, people
in rural areas have to use
candles and oil lamps for
lighting, that produce poor,
expensive and unhealthy
light
(photo: EndeV /GIZ).

6. Coefficient of rural electrification in Peru 1993 – 2012
Ministry of Energy and Mines: “PNER: National Plan of Rural Electrification 2013 – 2022”

7. Projection of coefficient of rural electrification in Peru 2013 – 2022
Ministry of Energy and Mines: “PNER: National Plan of Rural Electrification 2013 – 2022”

8. International bid for
500 000 Solar Home Systems
In order to get the planned electrification
and considering that the grid connection
of a rural household costs (year 2013), on
the average, already more than US$ 2000,
the Peruvian Government started in
2014 an international bid to install
and operate up to 500 000 Solar
Home Systems (85 Wp).
The contract was signed May 2015 with Ergon Peru SAC (Tozzi
Holding, Italy), specifying that till August 2015 at least 2000 SHS had
to be installed and at least 149 000 SHS till August 2016.
Cost: ~ US$ 28 million / year
Question:
How many SHS are installed till now (January 2016) and
how many will be installed till August 2016?
Answer: ?? (Perhaps 2000 SHS till August 2016 ?)

9. Opinion of the “academia “ in relation to the
project of 500 000 SHS
• No technology transfer to national institutions
(universities) or training programs of the users is
considered.
• The national experience of more than 35 years with
photovoltaic technology is ignored.
• No integral development vision is involved.
• Rigidly only one kind of SHS is considered, not
permitting different sizes of SHS or mini grids,
according to local needs and possibilities.
• The experience (ours and of other countries) has
shown that the indicated concerns are essential for
any sustainable project.

10. With the support of GIZ, CER-UNI tested in 2011 eleven different
LED lamps in the laboratory.
GIZ made then a 8 month field test with the best lamps, followed
by a laboratory evaluation of the used lamps. The main
conclusions of these studies are indicated in the following slide *.
* The complete report is published in the proceedings of the 3rd Symposium
“Small PV-Applications”, Ulm, Germany, June17 -18, 2013
Light for the poorest, with Pico PV
Rural grid connected households
consume in Peru, on the average,
12 kWh/month, mainly for lighting,
using incandescent light bulbs. The
same luminous energy can be
obtained with a modern Pico PV
system (2 W LEDs, 5 Wp PV)

11. Advantages of Pico PV
The access to modern energy for
illumination and communication can
produce important local impacts on a
social, economic and ambient level,
without pretending the substitution of
future electrification programs offering
more possibilities.
Pico PV Systems are a technology
capable to solve basic needs of
illumination and communication at a
low cost (about US$ 30 -135) and a fast
impact in families in rural areas, far
away from electricity grids, improving
(photos: EndeV /GIZ).

12. Conclusions
There are still more then 2 millions of Peruvians, living in rural
areas, without electricity, specially needed for lighting . There exist
a variety of technologies to satisfy these energy needs with costs
lower than the costs of candles used till now. But to implement
these technologies in a massive and sustainable way, one needs:
• To disseminate the knowledge of these technologies with
educational programs that permit that the future users know
their advantages and participate in the following appropriation.
• To establish a technical and commercial network to supply
spare parts and services to introduce and maintain these
technologies.
• To promote the establishment of institutions that certificate and
normalize the technologies.
• To develop a system of micro financing, considering that the
implementation of these technologies represents mainly an
initial cost.