The document discusses the Pythagorean theorem and distance formula. The Pythagorean theorem states that for any right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The distance formula is used to calculate the distance between two points in a coordinate plane and involves subtracting the x- and y-coordinates of the two points and taking the square root of the sum of the squared differences. An example of each is provided to demonstrate their use.
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