1. Vestibular System

2. Overview of Vestibular System
1. Detects motion of head in space
to control head and body
posture and eye movement
2. Provide subjective sense of
movement and orientation in
space

3. The Vestibular system
The Maculae are responsible for (linear acceleration forces) Detecting
Orientation of the Head with Respect to Gravity
The Maculae are in the
– Saccule : is responsible for Saccule
vertical acceleration
– Utricle: Is responsible for
Utricle
horizontal acceleration

4. Vestibular Hair Cells

5. Macule and Hair Cell

6. Vestibular transduction of Mechanical Stimuli

7. Morphological polarization of hair cells in the utricular and saccular maculae

8. Forces acting on the head and the resulting displacement of the otolithic
membrane of the utricular macula

9. Response of a vestibular nerve axon from an otolith organ

10. Vestibular Navigation

12. The Semicircular Canals Detect Angular Accelerations

14. The ampulla is responsible for the change in rotational movement

15. Vestibular Inputs

20. Posture and Balance

21. Postural adjustments require anticipatory motor actions.

22. Anticipatory maintenance of body posture

23. Anticipatory motor action in response to postural disturbance

24. Appropriate anticipatory responses to postural disturbances can be learned

25. Adaptive Postural Control Is Learned During Locomotion

27. The vestibular contribution to postural adjustment depends on whether the
primary perturbation is to the feet or the head

29. Decerebrate Rigidity

31. Upper Motor Neurons That Maintain Balance and Posture