شرح نظري العملي الخامس (الجزء الأول) الخاص بمادة العقاقير لطلاب الفرقة الأولى كلية الصيدلة.. د. محمود سلّام

1. Dr.
Assistant lecturer of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University
Cairo (Egypt).
Pre-lab. 5
FRUITS
Fennel, Ammi visnaga & Ammi majus

2. The Members of Family Umbelliferae
1. Fennel ‫الشمر‬
2. Ammi visnaga ‫البلدي‬ ‫اخللة‬
3. Ammi majus ‫الربي‬ ‫اخللة‬
4. Anise ‫الينسون‬
5. Caraway ‫الكراوية‬
6. Coriander ‫الكزبرة‬
7. Cumin ‫الكمون‬
8. Dill ‫الشبت‬

3. Fennel
‫الشمر‬

4. Origin It is the dried ripe fruits of Linu m usitatissimum
Foeniculumvulgare. Umbelliferae (Apiaceae).

5. Macroscopical Characters
▪ Cremocarp: two mericarp,
bifid stylopod.
▪ Mericarps: straight or slightly
curved, showing 5 prominent
1ry ridges.
▪ Size: 7-10 mm long.
▪ Colour: Greenish-yellow or
greenish-brown.
▪ Odour: Aromatic.
▪ Taste: Aromatic and sweet.
stylopod

6. Microscopical Characters
▪ Epicarp: Straight-walled cells,
smooth cuticle, occasional
anisocytic stomata.
▪ Mesocarp: Reticulated
parenchyma, 6 vittae,
5 collateral vascular
bundles.
▪ Endocarp: Typical
parquetry arrangement.

7.  Endocarp shows parquetry arrangement (groups of narrow elongated parallel cells)
which may be:
1. Variously oriented  [Typical Parquetry].
Fennel
Anise
2.Parallel to each other, forming parallel arrangement  [Atypical Parquetry].

8. M.D.E.
1. Reticulate parenchyma: (Mesocarp) composed
of ovoid or elongated, sub-rectangular cells; the
walls are thickened and lignified and have
conspicuous oval or rounded pits.
2. Typical parquetry arrangement: (Endocarp)
in surface view.

9. Active constituents
1. Volatile oil: anethole, fenchone and estragol.
2. Flavonoids: kaempferol, quercetin,
Uses
1. Flavoring agent.
2. Carminative.
3. Mild expectorant.

10. Ammi visnaga
‫البلدي‬ ‫اخللة‬
Ammi majus
‫الربي‬ ‫اخللة‬

11. Origin
‫البلدي‬ ‫اخللة‬
Ammi visnaga
 Dried ripe fruits of Ammivisnaga
‫الربي‬ ‫اخللة‬
Ammi majus
 Dried ripe fruits of Ammimajus

12. Morphology
Ammi majus
Ammi visnaga
Grayish-brown to reddish brown, without a
violet tinge.
Brownish to greenish-brown, with a violet
tinge.
Color:
Rough
Glabrous
Surface:
5 distinct 1ry ridges,
4 prominent dark 2ry ridges.
5 distinct broad 1ry ridges,
4 inconspicuous dark 2ry ridges.
Ridges:

13. Ammi majus
Ammi visnaga
• Epidermal cells are papillosed, covered
with thick striated cuticle and
containing prisms & clusters of
calcium oxalate
• Polygonal cells with occasional prisms
of calcium oxalate.
• Finely striated cuticle.
• NO hairs, NO papillae, NO clusters.
1. Epicarp:
• 1ry ridge regions:
No lacuna.
• 2ry ridge regions:
Vittae surrounded by radiating cells.
• Inner most layer:
Non-porous.
• 1ry ridge regions:
Vascular bundles forming a crescent
around a comparatively large empty
vittae (lacuna).
• 2ry ridge regions:
Vittae surrounded by radiating cells.
• Inner most layer:
Porous (pitted) parenchyma.
2. Mesocarp:
• Distinct parquetry structure.
• Indistinct parquetry structure
3. Endocarp:
Histology

14. Lacuna
1ry ridge (V.B)
2ry ridge (Vitta)
Ammi visnaga

15. 1ry ridge (V.B)
2ry ridge (Vitta)
Ammi majus

16. Ammi visnaga
▪ Pitted cells of the innermost layer of the mesocarp (p.m.) in surface view, with part of the
underlying endocarp (en.) and a vitta (vt.).

17. Ammi majus
Ammi visnaga
• Furanocoumarin bitter principle: (xanthotoxin).
• Fixed oil and protein.
• Furanochromones: (khellin, visnagin, khellol).
• Flavonoids.
• Fixed oil and protein.
Active constituents:
Identity tests:
Ammi majus
Ammi visnaga
• NO rose red color.
• Boil the powder with water, filter,
filtrate + KOH pellets, gives rose red
color (due khellin).
1. KOH:
• Alcoholic extract gives blue fluorescence
in U.V light..
• Alcoholic extract gives NO blue
fluorescence in U.V light.
2. U.V light:

18. Test for khellin:
Rose Red
Powder decoction KOH pellets
Identity tests:

19. Ammi majus
Ammi visnaga
1. Leukoderma (vitiligo).
2. Alopecia
3. Psoriasis.
1. Renal colic.
2. Bronchial asthma.
3. Vasodilator.
Uses: