2. Between 2011-2015,
World AIDS Day has the
theme:
"Getting to zero: zero new HIV
infections. Zero discrimination.
Zero AIDS-related deaths"
3. World AIDS Day
• World AIDS Day is held every December 1 On
this day, communities around the world honor
and commemorate those lost to AIDS and
those who continue to live with the effects of
HIV/AIDS. World AIDS Day is also used to mark
the achievements made, and the work still to
be done, in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
5. HIV Transmission
• HIV enters the bloodstream through:
– Open Cuts
– Breaks in the skin
– Mucous membranes
– Direct injection
6. HIV Transmission
• Common fluids that are a means of transmission:
– Blood
– Semen
– Vaginal Secretions
– Breast Milk
7. HIV in Body Fluids
Blood
18,000
Semen
11,000
Vaginal
Fluid
7,000
Amniotic
Fluid
4,000
Saliva
1
Average number of HIV particles in 1 ml of these body fluids
9. AIDS is …..
Caused by fascinating
HIV Virus, difficult to
understand the complex
Mechanisms,Scienticco
mmunities are puzzled
for newer solutions.
10. AIDS is spread in a friendly way.
AIDS continues to be an Important
sexually transmitted Infection.
Safe sex is the A,B,C,D of Prevention
11. AIDS is dangerous to life
Any person infected will continue to
harbor the HIV virus.
Modern drugs can prolong life
But not eliminate the cause of
Death
12. AIDS reduces useful years of Life
• The present contest the AIDS struck
the young adults and workers in their
prime years of life.
• AID’s epidemic is having devastating
effects on social and economic
structure in some countries
13. WHO Estimates
• WHO estimates that 4 million new HIV
infections occur every year.
• 90 % infection occurring in Developing
countries
• AIDS is over whelming Heterosexually
transmitted disease and there will be
equal number of Male and Female cases
14. Global prevalence of AIDS
• HIV continues to be a major global public
health issue, having claimed more than 36
million lives so far.
• There were approximately 35.3 [32.2–38.8]
million people living with HIV in 2012.
15. Why Rapid Spread of AIDS
• Massive migration of rural inhabitants to
urban centers
• International movements of infected
individuals
• Consequence of civil
disturbances, tourism, sex trade, Business
travel.
16. HIV Risk Reduction
• Avoid unprotected sexual contact
• Use barriers such as condoms and dental
dams
• Limit multiple partners by maintaining a
long-term relationship with one person
• Talk to your partner about being tested
before you begin a sexual relationship
17. HIV Risk Reduction
• Avoid drug and alcohol use to maintain good
judgment
• Don’t share needles used by others for:
Drugs
Tattoos
Body piercing
• Avoid exposure to blood products
18. Protection from AIDS
• Protect yourself or your partner by using a
condom during sexual intercourse
• If you are a partner are at risk, avoid mouth
contact with the penis, vagina, or rectum
Avoid all sexual activities which could cause
cuts or tears in the linings of the
rectum, vagina, or penis
19. Protection from aids
• If you have been infected with the AIDS virus.
Do not share intravenous drug equipment
Antiviral medications may be prescribed for
unanticipated sexual or injection drug use
exposure to HIV. Treatment for the exposed
person must begin within 72 hours
20. Condoms
Using condoms is not 100 percent
effective in preventing transmission of
sexually transmitted infections including
HIV
Condoms = Safer sex
Condoms ≠ Safe sex
21. Condom Use
• Should be used consistently and correctly
• Should be either latex or polyurethane
• Should be discussed with your partner
before the sexual act begins
• Should be the responsibility of both
partners for the protection of both partners
• Male and female condoms are available
22. People Infected with HIV
• Can look healthy
• Can be unaware of their infection
• Can live long productive lives when
their HIV infection is managed
• Can infect people when they engage in
high-risk behavior
23. HIV Exposure and Infection
• Some people have had multiple
exposures without becoming infected
• Some people have been exposed one
time and become infected
24. HIV and Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
STDs increase infectivity of HIV
– A person co-infected with an STD and HIV may be
more likely to transmit HIV due to an increase in
HIV viral shedding
– More white blood cells, some carrying HIV, may be
present in the mucosa of the genital area due to a
sexually transmitted infection
25. HIV and Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
• STDs increase the susceptibility to HIV
– Ulcerative and inflammatory STDs compromise
the mucosal or cutaneous surfaces of the
genital tract that normally act as a barrier
against HIV
– Ulcerative STDs include:
syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes
• Inflammatory STDs include:
chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis
26. HIV and Sexually
Transmitted Diseases
• The effect of HIV infection on the immune
system increases the the risk of STDs
A suppressed immune response due to HIV
can:
• Increase the
reactivation of genital ulcers
• Increase the rate of abnormal cell growth
• Increase the difficulty in curing reactivated or
newly acquired genital ulcers
• Increase the risk of becoming infected with
additional STDs
27. HIV Occupational Exposure
• Review facility policy and report the incident
• Medical follow-up is necessary to determine
the exposure risk and course of treatment
• Baseline and follow-up HIV testing
• Four week course of medication initiated one to
two hours after exposure
• Liver function tests to monitor medication
tolerance
• Exposure precautions practiced
28. HIV Non-Occupational Exposure
PREVENTION --- FIRST
•
•
•
No data exists on the efficacy of antiretroviral
medication after non-occupational exposures
The health care provider and patient may decide
to use antiretroviral therapy after weighing the
risks and benefits
Antiretrovirals should not be used for those with
low-risk transmissions or exposures occurring
more than 72 hours after exposure
29. HIV Non-Occupational Exposure
• Provider Considerations:
– Evaluate HIV status of patient and risk history of source
patient
– Provide necessary medical care and counseling
– Evaluate risk event and factors for exposure
– Determine elapsed time from exposure
– Evaluate potential for continuous HIV exposure
– Obtain informed consent for testing and treatment
– Evaluate pregnancy status of females
– Monitor for drug toxicity and acute infection
30. Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
• Stigma and discrimination are primary barriers
to universal access to HIV treatment, care, and
prevention. People living with HIV often face
discrimination from health providers,
employers, family members or friend
30
31. Antiretroviral therapy
• There is no cure for HIV infection. However,
effective treatment with antiretroviral drugs
can control the virus so that people with HIV
can enjoy healthy and productive lives.
• In 2012, more than 9.7 million people living
with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy
(ART) in low- and middle-income countries.
32. Antiretroviral therapy
• Standard antiretroviral therapy (ART) consists
of the use of at least three antiretroviral (ARV)
drugs to maximally suppress the HIV virus and
stop the progression of HIV disease.
• Huge reductions have been seen in rates of
death and suffering when use is made of a
potent ARV regimen
33. Best actions we can take
There are many ways you can take action in the fight
against HIV/AIDS:
• Get tested for HIV
• Practice safe methods to prevent HIV
• Decide not to engage in high risk behaviors
• Talk about HIV prevention with family, friends, and
colleagues
• Provide support to people living with HIV/AIDS
• Get involved with or host an event for World AIDS
Day in your community
34. Promote and Encourage awareness
among Women
• WORLD is a diverse community of women living
with HIV/AIDS and their supporters working
together to:
• Provide support and information to women with
HIV/AIDS and their friends, family & loved ones.
• Educate and inspire women with HIV/AIDS to
advocate for themselves, one another and their
communities
• Promote public awareness of women's
HIV/AIDS issues and a compassionate response
for all people with HIV/AIDS
