Consolidation– Intragroup Transactions WORKSHOPCorporate R.docx

Consolidation– Intragroup Transactions
WORKSHOP
Corporate Reporting
La Trobe Business School
Ch 26 & 27.
1
Topic intended learning outcomes
explain the need for making adjustments for intragroup
transactions
prepare worksheet entries for intragroup sales of inventory
prepare worksheet entries for intragroup sales of property, plant
and equipment
prepare worksheet entries for intragroup services
prepare worksheet entries for intragroup dividends
prepare worksheet entries for intragroup borrowings
Consolidated financial statements are statements of the group
presented as a single economic entity.
These financial statements show only transactions with external
parties.
Adjustments are required to eliminate the effects of intragroup
transactions so that financial position and performance are not
under or overstated in the consolidated statements.
The need for intragroup adjustments

LO1
3
Intragroup transactions - transactions that occur between
entities in the group.
The purpose of consolidated financials is to provide information
on the group as a result of its dealings with external parties.
AASB 10/IFRS 10 requires:
Intragroup balances, transactions, income and expenses to be
eliminated in full.
Tax effect accounting to be applied where temporary differences
arise due to the elimination of profits and losses.
The adjustment process
LO2
4
The broad effect of intragroup sales and purchases of inventory
can be illustrated by reference to the diagram below:
Sells inventory for $10000 on 1 Jan 2013
Parent
Subsidiary
All inventory still held by the parent at 30 June 2013
Purchases inventory for $8000
Transfers of inventory

LO3
5
Sales of inventories in the current period:
current period accounts will be affected in the worksheet
adjustment entries
from group perspective, no sale made to external parties
tax effect adjustment required.
Realisation of profits:
profit will only be recognised by the group when inventory has
been sold to external parties.
Inventories
LO3
6
Sales of inventories in the prior period:
opening retained earnings contains profit relating to inventories
on hand at beginning of period
the group would report sales to external parties and COS
adjustments
zero effect on retained earnings (closing balance) so no
consolidated adjustment to inventories in future periods
required
tax effect of the adjustment is recorded.
Inventories

LO3
7
Realisation of profits for sales of inventories in the prior
period:
group’s retained earnings (op bal) less than retained earnings of
legal entities (unrealised profit in beginning inventories
eliminated from prior period profits)
group’s current period after tax profit greater than current year
after tax profit of legal entity (unrealised profit in beginning
inventories realised in current period)
no unrealised profit remaining so no need for future period
worksheet adjustments.
Inventories
LO3
8
What if the Parent subsequently sells some of the inventory to
external parties before the end of the year?
Purchases inventory for $8000
Sells inventory for $10 000 on 1 Jan 2016
Sells $7500 of the inventory for $14000 by 30 June 2016
Parent
Subsidiary
Unrealised profit in ending inventory

LO3
9
The subsidiary would record sales of $10 000 and COGS of $8
000 - recognising a profit of $2 000.
The parent would record inventory of $10 000.
The $2 000 profit made by the subsidiary is considered to be
unrealised at 30 June 2016, as the inventory is yet to be sold to
an external party.
Unrealised profit in ending inventory
LO3
10
Consider the following example of a transfer in the current
year:
Subsidiary purchases machine for $18,500 on 1 July 2016.
Machine cost parent $20,000 when acquired 1 year ago.
Subsidiary depreciates asset at 6% per year.
Parent depreciates asset at 10%.
The tax rate is 30%.
Property, plant and equipment
LO4
11
The journal entries in the records of the parent and subsidiary at

the date of sale, 1/7/16 are:
ParentCash18500Proceeds from sale of plant18500Carrying
amount of plant sold18000Accumulated
depreciation2000Plant20000SubsidiaryPlant18500Cash18500Co
nsolidation adjustment entry:Proceeds from sale of
plant18500Carrying amount of plant
sold18000Plant500Deferred Tax Asset150Income tax
expense150
LO4
12
In the years after the transfer, the journal entries take the
following form:
Retained earnings (opening balance)XXXProperty, Plant &
EquipmentXXXDeferred Tax AssetXXXRetained Earnings
(opening balance)XXX
LO4
13
Sale of property, plant and equipment:
Worksheet adjustment entries required to:
adjust for any profit or loss on transfer of assets
adjust for depreciation on assets after transfer (if asset is
depreciable)

realisation of profit by group only if asset sold to external
party.
LO4
14
Depreciation and realisation of profits:
The appropriate depreciation rate for the group is the rate used
by the entity holding the asset.
Prior or current period transaction?
What has been recorded by the legal entities.
Adjust to get from legal entities to group amounts.
Adjust for tax effects.
LO4
15
Realisation of profit or losses:
normally occurs when asset is sold to external parties
with depreciable assets this can also occur as asset is
depreciated.
LO4
16

Often in a group, one entity (normally the parent) provides
services (such as accounting, HR, IT) to the other entities
(normally the subsidiaries) to reduce duplication.
Provider normally charges a management fee to the user. This
must be eliminated on consolidation as follows:
DR Services revenue xxx
CR Services expense xxx
If payable/receivable balances also exist, these balances must be
eliminated on consolidation.
Intragroup services
LO5
17
Assume on 25th June a subsidiary declares a dividend of $10
000 which remains unpaid at the end of the period:
Journal Entry in Sub Journal Entry in Parent
DR Div. declared 10 000 DR Div. receivable 10 000
CR Div. payable 10 000 CR Div. revenue 10
000
Journal entries on consolidation
DR Div. revenue 10 000
CR Div. declared 10 000
DR Div. payable 10 000
CR Div. receivable 10 000
P&L effects

B/S effects
Intragroup dividends –
declared but not paid
LO6
18
Assume on 25th June a subsidiary declares a dividend of $10
000 which is paid in the current period:
Journal Entry in Sub Journal Entry in Parent
DR Div. paid 10 000 DR Cash 10 000
CR Cash 10 000 CR Div. revenue
10 000
Journal entries on consolidation
DR Div. revenue 10 000
CR Div. paid 10 000
Intragroup dividends – declared
and paid in current period
LO6
19
The consolidation journal entry to eliminate intragroup balances
in payable and receivable accounts is:
DR Payable (loan) xxx
CR Receivable (loan) xxx

To eliminate interest revenue and expense recorded during the
year by each entity:
DR Interest revenue xxx
CR Interest expense xxx
Intragroup borrowings
LO7
20
Super retail group case study
Obtain a copy of the most recent annual report of the Super
Retail Group.
Identify and review the information on the subsidiaries included
within the Super Retail GROUP.
Select one subsidiary.
Identify examples of possible transactions that could occur
between this subsidiary and the parent.
How would the effects of these transactions be eliminated on
consolidation?
Why is this elimination necessary?
Workshop Case study

conclusion
In this topic we learn how to make adjustments for intragroup
transactions and prepare worksheet entries for intragroup sales
of inventory, intragroup sales of property, plant and equipment,
worksheet entries for intragroup services.
We also focus how to prepare worksheet entries for intragroup
dividends and worksheet entries for intragroup borrowings.
Next week’s topic will focus on non-controlling interests.
WORKSHOP WEEK 8: CHAPTER 28 Consolidation: Intragroup
Transactions
SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Online practice exercises available through Wiley+
Chapter 28
Comprehensive Questions
1. Why is it necessary to make adjustments for intragroup
transactions?
The consolidated financial statements are the statements of the
group, i.e. an economic entity consisting of a parent and its
subsidiaries. These consolidated financial statements then can

only contain revenues, expenses, profits, assets and liabilities
that relate to parties external to the group.
Adjustments must be made for intragroup transactions as these
are internal to the economic entity, and do not reflect the effects
of transactions with external parties. This is consistent with the
entity concept of consolidation, which defines the group as the
net assets of the parent, together with the net assets of the
subsidiaries. Transactions between these parties internal to the
group must be adjusted in full.
2. In making consolidation worksheet adjustments, sometimes
tax-effect entries are made. Why?
Obviously, not all adjustments have tax consequences. The only
adjustment entries that have tax consequences are those where
profits or losses are eliminated and carrying amounts of assets
or liabilities are adjusted.
Accounting for tax is governed by AASB 112/IAS 12 Income
Taxes. Deferred tax accounts are raised when a temporary
difference arises because the tax base of an asset or liability
differs from the carrying amount. Some consolidation
adjustments result in changing the carrying amounts of assets
and liabilities. Where this occurs, a temporary difference arises
as there is no change to the tax base. In these situations, tax-
effect entries requiring the recognition of deferred tax assets
and liabilities are necessary.
Consider an example of an item of inventories carried at cost of
$10 000 being sold by a parent to a subsidiary for $12 000, with
the item still being on hand at the end of the period. The tax
rate is 30%.
In the consolidation worksheet, the adjustment entry necessary
to eliminate the unrealised profit of the intragroup transaction

includes a credit adjustment to inventories of $2000 as the cost
to the economic entity for that item differs from that to the
subsidiary. In the subsidiary’s accounts, the inventories are
carried at $12 000 and has a tax base of $12 000, giving rise to
no temporary differences. However, from the group’s point of
view, the asset has a carrying amount of $10 000, and,
combined with a tax base of $12 000, gives a deductible
temporary difference of $2000 (the expected future deduction is
greater than the future assessable amount). As a result, a
deferred tax asset exists for the group and should be recognised
in a tax-effect entry. This has no effect on the amount of tax
payable in the current period, but will decrease the Income Tax
Expense from the perspective of the group.
Another explanation for the tax effect of the consolidation
worksheet entry to eliminate the unrealised profit of the
intragroup transaction can be provided as follows: as profit of
$2000 is eliminated (by crediting Cost of Sales by $10 000 and
debiting Sales Revenue by $12 000), the group’s profit is
decreased and therefore, the Income Tax Expense (which is
normally calculated as 30% of the profit) should decrease as
well by 30% of $2000. Also, the entity that made the intragroup
sale and recorded the profit would have paid tax on that profit;
from the perspective of the group, that tax should not have been
paid yet and represents a prepayment of tax in advance of the
actual profit being realised by the group; this prepayment is
going to be recognised by the group as a future tax benefit, a
Deferred Tax Asset.
7. When are profits realised in relation to inventories transfers
within the group?
Realisation occurs on involvement of an external entity, namely
when the inventories are on-sold to an entity that is not a
member of the group. If only a part of the inventories initially
transferred intragroup is on-sold to external parties by the end

of a period, only the part of the intragroup profit related to the
inventories on-sold is realised. It should be noted that, as
inventories are current assets which should be eventually sold to
external parties, it is normally assumed, unless otherwise
specified, that inventories transferred intragroup that are not
sold to external parties by the end of a period are sold to
external parties by the end of the next period and therefore any
unrealised profit in opening inventories in one period is
considered realised by the end of that period.
Exercise 28.2
Current and prior periods intragroup transfers of inventories
Charlotte Ltd owns all the share capital of Aloise Ltd. The
income tax rate is 30% and all income on sale of assets is
taxable and expenses are deductible.
(a) On 1 May 2016, Charlotte Ltd sold inventories to Aloise
Ltd for $10 000 on credit, recording a profit of $2000. Half of
the inventories were unsold by Aloise Ltd at 30 June 2016 and
none at 30 June 2017. Aloise Ltd paid half the amount owed on
15 June 2016 and the rest on 1 July 2016.
(b) On 10 June 2016, Aloise Ltd sold inventories to Charlotte
Ltd for $15 000 in cash. The inventories had previously cost
Aloise Ltd $12 000. Half of these inventories were unsold by
Charlotte Ltd at 30 June 2016 and 30% at 30 June 2017.
(c) On 1 January 2017, Aloise Ltd sold inventories costing
$6000 to Charlotte Ltd at a transfer price of $7000, paid in
cash. The entire inventories were sold by Charlotte Ltd to
external entities by 30 June 2017.
Required
In relation to the above intragroup transactions:
1. Prepare adjusting journal entries for the consolidation
worksheet at 30 June 2016 and 30 June 2017.

2. Explain in detail why you made each adjusting journal
entry.
1. At 30 June 2016, there will only be adjusting entries for
transactions (a) and (b) as these are the only transactions related
to the financial period ended on 30 June 2016. At 30 June 2017,
there will be adjusting entries for all transactions.
CHARLOTTE LTD – ALOISE LTD
30 June 2016
(a) Sales revenue Dr 10 000
Inventories Cr 1 000
Cost of sales Cr 9 000
Deferred tax liability Dr 300
Income tax expense Cr 300
Accounts payable Dr 5 000
Accounts receivable Cr 5 000
(b) Sales revenue Dr 15 000
Deferred tax asset Dr 450
30 June 2017
(a) Retained earnings (1/7/16) Dr 700
Income tax expense Dr 300
Cost of sales Cr 1000
(b) Retained earnings (1/7/16) Dr 1 500

Inventories Cr 900
Retained earnings (1/7/16) Cr 450
(c) Sales revenue Dr 7 000
2. Detailed explanations on the adjusting journal entries
30 June 2016
(a) The first adjusting entry eliminates the unrealised profit in
closing inventories at 30 June 2016. As half of the inventories
remain unsold at the end of the period, at 30 June 2016 half of
the entire profit on the intragroup sale is unrealised and should
be eliminated on consolidation by:
· Debiting Sales Revenue with an amount equal to the
intragroup price – to eliminate the intragroup revenues
· Crediting Inventories with an amount equal to the unrealised
profit – to decrease the value of the inventories left on hand
with the group to their original cost to the group
· Crediting Cost of Sales with an amount equal to the intragroup
price minus the amount of credit to Inventories – to adjust the
aggregate figure for Cost of Sales to the amount that should be
recognised by the group, i.e. the original cost of the inventories
sold to external parties.
The second adjusting entry recognises the tax effect of the
elimination of the unrealised profit in closing inventories at 30
June 2016 by raising a Deferred Tax Asset for the tax
recognised by Charlotte Ltd on the unrealised profit.
The third adjusting entry eliminates the intragroup Accounts
Payable and Accounting Receivable for the amount still unpaid

on the intragroup sale.
(b) The first adjusting entry eliminates the unrealised profit in
closing inventories at 30 June 2016. As half of the inventories
remain unsold at the end of the period, at 30 June 2016 half of
the entire profit on the intragroup sale is unrealised and should
be eliminated on consolidation by:
intragroup price
profit – to decrease the value of the inventories left on hand
with the group to their original cost to the group
price minus the amount of credit to Inventories.
recognised by Aloise Ltd in advance on the unrealised
intragroup profit.
30 June 2017
(a) In this case, the unrealised profit in closing inventories from
the period ended 30 June 2016 and recognised as unrealised
profit in opening inventories in this period becomes realised by
the end of the current period. As such, this profit needs to be
transferred from the previous period to the current period by:
· Debiting Retained Earnings (1/7/16) with an amount equal to
the after-tax unrealised profit in opening inventories – this
eliminates the unrealised profit from the prior period’s earnings
· Crediting Cost of Sales with an amount equal to the before-tax
unrealised profit in opening inventories – this increases the
current profit as the previously unrealised profit is now
realised.
As a result of this transfer of profit to the current period, the
current period profit increases and a tax effect should also be

recognised in the adjusting entry by:
· Debiting Income Tax Expense with an amount equal to the tax
on the unrealised profit in opening inventories.
(b) In this case, a part (20%) of the inventories originally
transferred intragroup in the previous period is sold during the
current period to external parties, while another part (30%) is
still unsold. That means that the unrealised profit in closing
inventories from the period ended 30 June 2016 and recognised
as unrealised profit in opening inventories in this period is only
partly realised by the end of the current period. This is
recognised in the first adjusting entry by:
the before-tax unrealised profit in opening inventories – this
eliminates the unrealised profit from the prior period’s profit
· Crediting Cost of Sales with an amount equal to the unrealised
profit in opening inventories that becomes realised during the
current period – this increases the current profit as the
previously unrealised profit is now realised
profit in opening inventories that is still unrealised at the end of
the current period – this decreases the value of the inventories
still on hand to their original cost to the group.
As a result of the recognition of the part of profit that is
realised in the current period, the current period profit increases
and a current tax effect should also be recognised by:
on the part of the unrealised profit in opening inventories that is
realised by the end of the period.
As a result of the elimination of the part of the profit that is
unrealised by the end of the current period, a deferred tax effect
should also be recognised by:
· Debiting Deferred Tax Asset with an amount equal to the tax
on the part of the unrealised profit in opening inventories that is

still unrealised at the end of the period.
Given that Retained Earnings only recognises profits after tax,
debiting Retained Earnings (1/7/16) in the first adjusting entry
with the before-tax unrealised profit eliminated from that
account more than what it should and therefore the balance of
Retained Earnings (1/7/16) should be adjusted by:
· Crediting Retained Earnings (1/7/16) with an amount equal to
the tax on the unrealised profit in opening inventories – this
ensures that the net adjustment to Retained Earnings (1/7/16) is
only for the after-tax unrealised profit.
(c) The only adjusting entry eliminates the intragroup sales
revenue and the cost of sales recognised by Charlotte Ltd as the
profit on the intragroup sale is entirely realised during the
current period. As the inventories are sold by the end of the
period to an external entity, at 30 June 2017 the entire profit on
the intragroup sale is realised; however, the aggregate sales
revenues and cost of sales are overstated from the group’s
perspective as they include the intragroup sales revenue and the
cost of sales recognised based on the price paid intragroup by
Charlotte Ltd. On consolidation, this overstatement is corrected.
There won’t be any tax-effect adjustment entry as the only
adjusting entry posted now does not have any net effect on the
profit or on the carrying amount of inventories.
Exercise 28.3
Current and prior periods intragroup transfers of non-current
assets
Sophie Ltd owns all the share capital of Ruby Ltd. The
following transactions relate to the period ended 30 June 2017.
Assume an income tax rate of 30%.
(a) On 1 July 2016, Sophie Ltd sold a motor vehicle to Ruby

Ltd for $15 000. This had a carrying amount to Sophie Ltd of
$12 000. Both entities depreciate motor vehicles at a rate of
10% p.a. on cost.
(b) Ruby Ltd manufactures items of machinery which are used
as property, plant and equipment by other companies, including
Sophie Ltd. On 1 January 2017, Ruby Ltd sold such an item to
Sophie Ltd for $62 000, its cost to Ruby Ltd being only $55 000
to manufacture. Sophie Ltd charges depreciation on these
machines at 20% p.a. on the diminishing value.
(c) Sophie Ltd manufactures certain items which it then
markets through Ruby Ltd. During the current period, Sophie
Ltd sold for $12 000 items to Ruby Ltd at cost plus 20%. By 30
June 2017, Ruby Ltd has sold to external entities 75% of these
transferred items.
(d) Ruby Ltd also sells second-hand machinery. Sophie Ltd
sold one of its depreciable assets (original cost $40 000,
accumulated depreciation $32 000) to Ruby Ltd for $5000 on 1
January 2017. Ruby Ltd had not resold the item by 30 June
2017.
(e) Ruby Ltd sold a depreciable asset (carrying amount of $22
000) to Sophie Ltd on 1 January 2016 for $25 000. Both entities
charge depreciation in relation to these items at a rate of 10%
p.a. on cost. On 31 December 2016, Sophie Ltd sold this asset
to Dubbo Ltd, an external entity, for $20 000.
Required
entry.
SOPHIE LTD – RUBY LTD

transaction (e) as this is the only transaction related to the
financial period ended on 30 June 2016. At 30 June 2017, there
will be adjusting entries for all transactions.
30 June 2016
(e) Proceeds on sale depreciable asset Dr 25 000
Carrying amount of depreciable asset sold Cr 22 000
Depreciable asset Cr 3 000
OR
Gain on sale of depreciable asset Dr 3 000
Depreciable asset Cr 3 000
Accumulated depreciation Dr 150
Depreciation expense Cr 150
Deferred tax asset Cr 45
30 June 2017
(a) Proceeds on sale of motor vehicle Dr 15 000
Carrying amount of motor vehicle sold Cr 12
000
Motor vehicles Cr 3 000
OR
Gain on sale of vehicles Dr 3 000
Motor vehicles Cr 3 000

Machinery Cr 7 000
Deferred tax asset Dr 2 100
Income tax expense Cr 2 100
(c) Sales revenue Dr 12 000
Inventories Cr 500
(d) Inventories Dr 3 000
Proceeds on sale of machinery Dr 5 000
Carrying amount of machinery sold Cr 8 000
OR
Inventories Dr 3 000
Loss on sale of machinery Cr 3 000
Deferred tax liability Cr 900

(e) Retained earnings (1/7/16) Dr 1 995
(unrealised gain on sale)
Income tax expense Dr 855 (30% x $2 850)
Depreciation expense Cr 150 ($1 250-$1
100)
Carrying amount at sale Cr 2 700 ($22
500-$19 800)
30 June 2016
(e) The first journal entry eliminates the proceeds on sale and
the carrying amount of the depreciable asset sold recorded on
the intragroup sale. If Sophie Ltd recorded the net amount as
gain on sale, then in the alternative adjusting entry that gain
will need to be eliminated instead of the proceeds and the
carrying amount. In both cases, the adjusting entry will also
bring down the balance of the asset account to reflect the
original carrying amount of the asset before the intragroup sale.
All of these adjustments are necessary as the asset is still on
hand with the group and there was no sale involving an external
entity.
The second adjusting entry is recognising the tax effect of the
first entry. As the first entry eliminates the gain on sale (which
decreases the current profit) and decreases the carrying amount
of the asset, without any effect on its tax base, the income tax
expense, normally calculated based on the current profit, needs
to decrease and a deferred tax asset needs to be recognised for
the deductible temporary difference created or, using another
explanation, for the tax prepayment made by Sophie Ltd on the
unrealised profit from on the intragroup sale.
The third adjusting entry is necessary to adjust the depreciation
expense recorded after the intragroup sale by the entity that now
uses the asset within the group. As this entity records the

depreciation based on the price paid intragroup, while the group
should recognise the depreciation based on the carrying amount
of the asset at the moment of the intragroup sale, the
depreciation expense is overstated and should be decreased by
an amount equal to the depreciation rate multiplied by the gain
on the intragroup sale. It should be noted that this adjustment to
depreciation expense increases the current profit and therefore
it is said to be an indication that a part of the profit on the
intragroup sale is now realised.
As a part of the intragroup profit is now realised through the
depreciation adjustments, the fourth adjusting entry adjusts the
tax effect of the previous entry that eliminated the entire profit
on the intragroup sale, basically reversing that previous tax
effect entry for the part of the profit that is now realised. That
is because the depreciation adjustment entry increases the
carrying amount of the asset, with no effect on the tax base and
therefore decreases the deductible temporary difference that was
recorded in the deferred tax asset when eliminating the gain on
intragroup sale.
30 June 2017
(a) The explanation for the adjusting journal entries posted now
is exactly the same as for the adjusting entries at 30 June 2016
for transaction (e). In summary:
- the first adjusting entry decreases the vehicle’s value
down from the price paid intragroup to the original carrying
amount of the vehicle at the moment of intragroup sale and
eliminates either the proceeds on sale and the carrying amount
of vehicle sold or, in the alternative form, the net gain on the
intragroup sale of vehicle; the second entry recognises the tax
effect of the first entry by raising a deferred tax asset for the
tax paid by the intragroup seller on the profit that is unrealised
from the group’s perspective.
- the third adjusting entry decreases the depreciation expense
recognised for the vehicle down from the depreciation recorded

by the user of the vehicle (based on the intragroup price paid) to
the depreciation that should be recorded by the group (based on
the carrying amount of the vehicle at the moment of the
intragroup sale); the forth entry recognises the tax effect of the
third entry by decreasing the deferred tax asset recognised in
the second entry by the tax on the profit realised through the
depreciation adjustment.
(b) The explanation for the adjusting journal entries posted now
is similar to that for the adjusting entries at 30 June 2016 for
transaction (e). In summary:
- the first adjusting entry decreases the machine’s value
down from the price paid intragroup to the original carrying
amount of the machine at the moment of intragroup sale and
eliminates the sales revenue and the cost of sales recognised on
the intragroup sale, considering that the machine was
recognised by the initial owner as inventories; the second entry
recognises the tax effect of the first entry by raising a deferred
tax asset for the tax paid by the intragroup seller on the profit
that is unrealised from the group’s perspective.
- the third adjusting entry decreases the depreciation expense
recognised for the machine down from the depreciation recorded
by the user of the vehicle (based on the intragroup price paid) to
the depreciation that should be recorded by the group (based on
the carrying amount of the machine at the moment of the
intragroup sale); the fourth entry recognises the tax effect of the
third entry by decreasing the deferred tax asset recognised in
the second entry by the tax on the profit realised through the
depreciation adjustment.
It should be noted here that although the original classification
of the asset before the intragroup sale was inventories, there
won’t be any reclassification needed on consolidation as, from
the group’s perspective, the asset is going to be used as a
machine from the moment of the intragroup sale.

(c) The first adjusting entry eliminates the unrealised profit in
closing inventories at 30 June 2017. As 25% of the inventories
remain unsold at the end of the period, at 30 June 2017 a
quarter of the entire profit on the intragroup sale is unrealised
and should be eliminated on consolidation by:
intragroup price
profit (i.e. 25% of ($12 000 - $12 000/1.2) – to decrease the
value of the inventories left on hand with the group to their
original cost to the group
price minus the amount of credit to Inventories.
recognised by Sophie Ltd in advance on the unrealised
intragroup profit.
(d) The first journal entry eliminates the proceeds on sale and
the carrying amount of the machine sold recorded on the
intragroup sale. If Ruby Ltd recorded only the net amount as
loss on sale (since the proceeds were lower than the carrying
amount), then in the alternative adjusting entry that loss will
need to be eliminated instead of the proceeds and the carrying
amount. In both cases, the adjusting entry will also bring up the
balance of the asset account (now treated as inventories) to
reflect the original carrying amount of the asset before the
intragroup sale. All of these adjustments are necessary as the
asset is still on hand with the group and there was no sale
involving an external entity.
first entry. As the first entry eliminates the loss on sale (which
increases the current profit) and increases the carrying amount

to increase and a deferred tax liability needs to be recognised
for the taxable temporary difference created or, using another
explanation, for the tax that should have been paid by Ruby Ltd
if it wouldn’t have claimed the unrealised loss on the
intragroup sale as a tax deduction.
It should be noted here that although the original classification
of the asset before the intragroup sale was machinery, there
won’t be any reclassification needed on consolidation as, from
the group’s perspective, the asset is going to be used as
inventories from the moment of the intragroup sale. As a
consequence of this, there won’t be any depreciation
adjustments or the related tax effect.
(e) To come up with the adjusting entries, a proper
understanding of the effects of this set of transactions needs to
be achieved. The effects recorded by the entities within the
group are summarised below, together with what effects that
should be presented by the economic entity, aka the group.
Ruby Ltd:
Carrying amount at sale (prior period) 22 000
Sales proceeds (prior period) 25 000
Gain on sale (prior period) 3 000
Sophie Ltd:
Cost of asset 25 000
Depreciation (prior period) 1 250
23 750
Depreciation (current period) 1 250
Carrying amount at sale 22 500
Sales proceeds 20 000
Loss on sale 2 500

Economic Entity:
Cost of asset 22 000
Depreciation (prior period) 1 100
20 900
Depreciation (current period) 1 100
Carrying amount at sale 19 800
Sales proceeds 20 000
Gain on sale 200
From this summary it can be observed that Ruby Ltd recorded in
the previous period a profit of $3 000, while Sophie Ltd
recorded a depreciation expense of $1 250. These amounts, after
tax, are recorded in the Retained earnings at the beginning of
the current period, meaning that the aggregate Retained
earnings (1/7/16) includes a net amount of ($3 000 – $1 250) x
(1 – 30%) = $1 225. However, from the group’s perspective,
Retained earnings (1/7/16) should only include the depreciation
expense for the group after tax, i.e. – $1 100 x (1 – 30%) = –
$770. Therefore, the adjusting entry should include an
adjustment to decrease Retained earnings (1/7/16) by $1 225 +
$770 = $1 995. It should be noted that this amount of
adjustment is actually the unrealised profit at the beginning of
the current period, i.e. the profit on the intragroup sale minus
for the depreciation adjustment for the previous period.
In terms of the current period, it can be observed that Sophie
Ltd recorded a depreciation expense of $1250, while from the
group’s perspective, the depreciation expense should only be $1
100. As such, on consolidation there is another adjustment to be
posted and that is to decrease the depreciation expense by $150.
Also, Sophie Ltd recorded during the current period a carrying
amount at sale of $22 500, while from the group’s perspective,
the carrying amount at sale should be only $19 800. Therefore,
another adjustment is necessary for the current period and that
is to decrease the carrying amount at sale by $2 700. It should
be noted that this latter amount is actually the gain on

intergroup sale that was not realised through the depreciation
adjustments ($150 during the prior period and $150 during the
current period), but it is realised through the sale to the external
entity during the current period.
In the end, considering that the adjustments for the current
period (to the depreciation expense and carrying amount at sale)
increase the current profit (by the realised profit), a tax effect
should be recognised as increasing the income tax expense for
the current period.
Exercise 28.5
Current period intragroup transfers of inventories and non-
current assets
Isolde Ltd owns all the share capital of Annabelle Ltd. The
income tax rate is 30%, and all income on sale of assets is
taxable and expenses are deductible. During the period ended 30
June 2017, the following intragroup transactions took place:
(a) Annabelle Ltd sold inventories costing $50 000 to Isolde
Ltd. Annabelle Ltd recorded a $10 000 profit before tax on
these transactions. At 30 June 2017, Isolde Ltd has none of
these goods still on hand.
(b) Isolde Ltd sold inventories costing $12 000 to Annabelle
Ltd for $18 000. By 30 June 2017, one-third of these were sold
to Willow Ltd for $9500 and one-third to Layla Ltd for $9000;
the rest are still on hand with Annabelle Ltd. Willow Ltd and
Layla Ltd are external entities.
(c) On 1 January 2017, Isolde Ltd sold land for cash to
Annabelle Ltd at $20 000 above cost. The land is still on hand
with Annabelle Ltd.
(d) Annabelle Ltd sold a warehouse to Isolde Ltd for $100 000
on 1 July 2016. The carrying amount of this warehouse
recognised by Annabelle Ltd at the time of sale was $82 000.

Isolde Ltd charges depreciation at a rate of 5% p.a. on a
straight-line basis.
Required
worksheet at 30 June 2017.
entry.
1.
ISOLDE LTD – ANNABELLE LTD
30 June 2017
(a) Sales revenue Dr 10 000
(c) Gain on sale of land Dr 20 000
Land Cr 20 000
(d) Gain on sale of warehouse Dr 18 000
Warehouse Cr 18 000

30 June 2017
(a) The only adjusting entry eliminates the intragroup sales
revenue recorded by Annabelle Ltd and the cost of sales
recognised by Isolde Ltd as the profit on the intragroup sale is
entirely realised during the current period. As the inventories
are sold by the end of the period to an external entity, at 30
June 2017 the entire profit on the intragroup sale is realised;
however, the aggregate sales revenues and cost of sales are
overstated from the group’s perspective as they include the
intragroup sales revenue and the cost of sales recognised based
on the price paid intragroup by Isolde Ltd. On consolidation,
this overstatement needs to be corrected. There won’t be any
tax-effect adjustment entry as the only adjusting entry posted
now does not have any net effect on the profit or on the carrying
amount of inventories.
(b) The first adjusting entry eliminates the unrealised profit in
closing inventories at 30 June 2017. As one third of the
inventories remain unsold at the end of the period, at 30 June
2017 one third of the profit on the intragroup sale is unrealised
and should be eliminated on consolidation by:
intragroup price – this eliminates the amount recognised by
Isolde Ltd on the intragroup sale so that the consolidated figure
reflects only the sales revenues generated from transactions
with external parties.

profit (i.e. one third of the profit on the intragroup sale) – this
corrects the overstatement of inventories still on hand (one third
of the original amount transferred intragroup) that are recorded
by Annabelle Ltd based on the intragroup price, making sure
that those inventories are recorded at the original cost to the
group.
· Crediting Cost of Sales with an amount equal to the difference
between the debit amount to Sales Revenue and the credit
amount to Inventories – this eliminates the Cost of Sales
recognised by Isolde Ltd (based on the original cost) and
adjusts the Cost of Sales recognised by Annabelle Ltd (based on
the intragroup price) so that the consolidated figure reflects
only the cost of sales of the inventories sold to the external
party based on their original cost to the group.
recognised by Isolde Ltd in advance on the unrealised
intragroup profit.
(c) The first adjusting entry decreases the land’s value down
from the price paid intragroup to the original carrying amount
of the land at the moment of intragroup sale and eliminates the
gain on the intragroup sale of land as it is entirely unrealised at
30 June 2017; the second entry recognises the tax effect of the
first entry by raising a deferred tax asset for the tax paid by the
intragroup seller on the profit that is unrealised from the
group’s perspective.
(d) The first journal entry eliminates the intragroup gain on sale
of the warehouse. The adjusting entry will also bring down the
balance of the warehouse account to reflect the original carrying
amount of the warehouse before the intragroup sale. All of these
adjustments are necessary as the asset is still on hand with the
group and there was no sale involving an external entity.

explanation, for the tax prepayment made by Annabelle Ltd on
the unrealised profit from the intragroup sale.
The third adjusting entry is necessary to adjust the depreciation
on the intragroup sale. It should be noted that this adjustment to
depreciation adjustments, the fourth adjusting entry adjusts the
on the intragroup sale, basically reversing that previous tax
effect entry for the part of the profit that is now realised. That
is because the depreciation adjustment entry increases the
carrying amount of the asset, with no effect on the tax base and
therefore decreases the deductible temporary difference that was
recorded in the deferred tax asset when eliminating the gain on
intragroup sale.
Exercise 28.6

Current and prior period intragroup services
Alice Ltd owns all the share capital of Isabella Ltd. The
following intragroup transactions took place during the periods
ended 30 June 2016 and 30 June 2017:
(a) Isabella Ltd paid $20 000 during the period ended 30 June
2016 and $40 000 during the period ended 30 June 2017 as
management fees for services provided by Alice Ltd.
(b) Isabella Ltd rented a spare warehouse to Alice Ltd starting
from 1 July 2015 for 1 year. The total charge for the rental was
$30 000, and Alice Ltd paid this amount to Isabella Ltd on 1
January 2016.
(c) Isabella Ltd rented a spare warehouse from Alice Ltd for
$50 000 p.a. The rental contract started at 1 January 2015, and
the payments are made annually in advance on 1 January.
Required
entry.
1. At 30 June 2016, there will be adjusting entries for all
transactions as they are all related to the financial period ended
on 30 June 2016. At 30 June 2017, there will only be adjusting
entries for transactions (a) and (c); transaction (b) does not have
any effects on the period ended 30 June 2017 and therefore no
adjustments are necessary as the rental agreement finished
before the beginning of the period.
ALICE LTD – ISABELLA LTD
30 June 2016

(a) Management fees revenues Dr 20 000
Management fee expenses Cr 20 000
(b) Rent revenues Dr 30 000
Rent expenses Cr 30 000
(c) Rent revenues Dr 50 000
Rent received in advance Dr 25 000
Prepaid rent Cr 25 000
30 June 2017
(a) Management fees revenues Dr 40 000
Management fee expenses Cr 40 000
(c) If the rental agreement is for 3 or more years, the adjusting
entries would be:
Rent revenues Dr 50 000
Rent received in advance Dr 25 000
Prepaid rent Cr 25 000
If the rental agreement is only for 2 years and ends on 31
December 2016, the adjusting entries would be:
Rent revenues Dr 25 000
30 June 2016
(a) The adjusting entry eliminates the management fee revenue

recognised by Alice Ltd and the management fee expense
recognised by Isabella Ltd during the current period. As this
adjusting entry does not have any net impact on the profit:
- there won’t be any tax-effect adjusting entry
- there won’t be any further adjusting entries in the
next period for the management fees incurred this current
period.
As the management fees were paid during the current period,
there won’t be a need to eliminate any another accounts during
the current period as there is no Management Fees Payable or
Management Fees Receivable. Also, there were no management
fees paid in advance for the next period and therefore there are
no Prepaid Management Fees and Management Fees Received in
Advance to eliminate.
(b) The adjusting entry eliminates the rent revenue recognised
by Isabella Ltd and the rent expense recognised by Alice Ltd
during the current period. As this adjusting entry does not have
any net impact on the profit:
next period for the rent incurred this current period.
As the rent was paid during the current period, there won’t be a
need to eliminate any another accounts during the current period
as there is no Rent Payable or Rent Receivable. Also, there is
no rent paid in advance for the next period and therefore there
is no Prepaid Rent and Rent Received in Advance to eliminate.
(c) If the rent agreement is for 3 or more years starting on 1
January 2015, it means it will end after 30 June 2017.
Therefore, the current period’s rent expense and revenue is one
full year rent of $50 000. The first adjusting entry will
eliminate this amount. As this adjusting entry does not have any
net impact on the profit:

As the rent was paid during the current period in advance on 1
January 2016 for one year, at 30 June 2016 there will be rent
paid in advance for the next period up to 31 December 2016 (6
months’ worth) and therefore the second adjustment entry will
need to eliminate Prepaid Rent and Rent Received in Advance
for half the yearly rent.
If the rent agreement is for 2 years starting on 1 January 2015,
it means it will end on 31 December 2016. Therefore, the
current period’s rent expense and revenue is only 6 months’
worth of rent, i.e. $25 000. The first adjusting entry will
eliminate this amount. As this adjusting entry does not have any
net impact on the profit:
As the rent agreement ends on 31 December 2016 and the
payment has been received previously, there won’t be a need to
eliminate any Rent Payable or Rent Receivable. Also, there is
no rent paid in advance for the next period and therefore there
is no Prepaid Rent and Rent Received in Advance to eliminate.
Exercise 28.7
Current and prior period intragroup dividends
Maggie Ltd owns all the share capital of Peggy Ltd. The
following intragroup transactions took place during the periods
ended 30 June 2016 and 30 June 2017:

(a) During the period ended 30 June 2016, Peggy Ltd paid an
interim dividend of $10 000 out of pre-acquisition profits. As a
result, the investment in Peggy Ltd is considered to be impaired
by $10 000.
(b) On 30 June 2016, Peggy Ltd declared a final dividend of
$20 000 out of post-acquisition profits.
(c) During the period ended 30 June 2017, Peggy Ltd paid an
interim dividend of $10 000 out of post-acquisition profits.
(d) On 30 June 2017, Peggy Ltd declared a final dividend of
$30 000 out of post-acquisition profits.
Required
entry.
transactions (a) and (b) as these are the only transactions related
to the financial period ended on 30 June 2016. At 30 June 2017,
there will only be adjusting entries for transactions (c) and (d)
as those are the only transactions related to the financial period
ended on 30 June 2017. The dividend transactions from the
period ended 30 June 2016 do not have any impact on the period
ended 30 June 2017 that needs to be adjusted.
MAGGIE LTD – PEGGY LTD
30 June 2016
(a) Dividend revenue Dr 10 000
Interim dividend paid Cr 10 000
Accum. impairment losses – Shares in Peggy Ltd Dr 10

000
Impairment losses Cr 10 000
(b) Dividend revenue Dr 20 000
Dividend declared Cr 20 000
Dividend payable Dr 20 000
Dividend receivable Cr 20 000
30 June 2017
(c) Dividend revenue Dr 10 000
Interim dividend paid Cr 10 000
(d) Dividend revenue Dr 30 000
30 June 2016
(a) The adjusting entry eliminates the dividend revenue
recognised by Maggie Ltd and the dividend paid recognised by
Peggy Ltd during the current period. As this adjusting entry
does not have any net impact of the consolidated retained
earnings there won’t be any further adjusting entries in the next
period for the dividends paid this current period. Also, for
dividends there are no tax effects that should be recognised or
adjusted on consolidation.
As the dividends were paid during the current period, there
won’t be a need to eliminate any Dividends Payable or
Dividends Receivable. However, given that the dividend paid
during the current period was from pre-acquisition equity and

caused an impairment of the investment account that was
recognised in Maggie Ltd’s accounts, this impairment will need
to be eliminated on consolidation in the second adjusting entry
(by reversing the entry recognising the impairment) as it is a
direct effect of the intragroup transaction involving dividends.
(b) The adjusting entry eliminates the dividend revenue
recognised by Maggie Ltd and the dividend declared recognised
by Peggy Ltd during the current period. As this adjusting entry
does not have any net impact of the consolidated retained
earnings there won’t be any further adjusting entries in the next
period for the dividends paid this current period. Also, for
dividends there are no tax effects that should be recognised or
adjusted on consolidation. As the dividends were not paid
during the current period, there will be a need to eliminate
Dividends Payable and Dividends Receivable in the second
adjusting entry.
30 June 2017
(c) A similar explanation is used here as for the first adjusting
entry at 30 June 2016 for the elimination of the intragroup
dividend in (a). However, given that in this case the dividend is
from post-acquisition equity, there is no need to post the second
adjusting entry that reversed the impairment of the investment
account caused by the dividends in (a).
(d) The same explanation is used here as for the adjusting entry
at 30 June 2016 for the elimination of the intragroup dividend in
(b).
Exercise 28.14
Consolidation with differences between carrying amount and
fair value at acquisition date and intragroup transactions
Zoe Ltd purchased 100% of the shares of Matilda Ltd on 1 July

2014 for $50 000. At that date the equity of the two entities was
as follows.
Zoe Ltd
Matilda Ltd
Asset revaluation surplus
$25 000
$4 000
Retained earnings
14 500
2 800
Share capital
50 000
40 000
At 1 July 2014, all the identifiable assets and liabilities of
Matilda Ltd were recorded at fair value except for the
following.
Carrying amount
Fair value
Inventories
$3 000
$3 500
Plant and equipment (cost $80 000)
60 000
61 000
All of the inventories were sold by December 2014. The plant
and equipment had a further 5-year life. Any valuation
adjustments are made on consolidation.
Financial information for Zoe Ltd and Matilda Ltd for the
period ended 30 June 2016 is shown below:

Zoe Ltd
Matilda Ltd
Sales revenue
$78 000
$40 000
Dividend revenue
4 400
1 600
Total income
82 400
41 600
Cost of sales
60 000
30 000
Other expenses
10 800
5 000
Total expenses
70 800
35 000
Gross profit
11 600
6 600
Gain on sale of furniture
0
500
Profit before income tax
11 600
7 100
Income tax expense
3 000
2 200
Profit for the period
8 600

4 900
Retained earnings (1/7/15)
14 500
2 800
23 100
7 700
Interim dividend paid
4 000
2 000
Final dividend declared
8 000
2 400
12 000
4 400
11 100
3 300
Additional information
(a) Zoe Ltd records dividend receivable as revenue when
dividends are declared.
(b) The beginning inventories of Matilda Ltd at 1 July 2015
included goods which cost Matilda Ltd $2000. Matilda Ltd
purchased these inventories from Zoe Ltd at cost plus 33%
mark-up.
(c) Intragroup sales totalled $10 000 for the period ended 30
June 2016. Sales from Zoe Ltd to Matilda Ltd, at cost plus 10%
mark-up, amounted to $5600. The ending inventories of Zoe Ltd
included goods which cost Zoe Ltd $4400. Zoe Ltd purchased
these inventories from Matilda Ltd at cost plus 10% mark-up.
(d) On 31 December 2015, Matilda Ltd sold Zoe Ltd office
furniture for $3000. This furniture originally cost Matilda Ltd
$3000 and was written down to $2500 just before the intragroup

sale. Zoe Ltd depreciates furniture at the rate of 10% p.a. on
cost.
(e) The asset revaluation surplus relates to land. The
following movements occurred in this account:
Zoe Ltd
Matilda Ltd
1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015
$3 000
$(500)
1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016
2000
500
(f) The tax rate is 30%.
Required
1. Prepare the acquisition analysis at 1 July 2014.
2. Prepare the business combination valuation entries and
pre-acquisition entries at 1 July 2014.
3. Prepare the business combination valuation entries and
pre-acquisition entries at 30 June 2016.
4. Prepare the consolidation worksheet journal entries to
eliminate the effects of intragroup transactions at 30 June 2015.
5. Prepare the consolidation worksheet journal entries to
eliminate the effects of intragroup transactions at 30 June 2016.
6. Prepare the consolidation worksheet for the preparation of
the consolidated financial statements for the period ended 30
June 2016.
7. Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss and
other comprehensive income for the period ended 30 June 2016.
ZOE LTD – MATILDA LTD
1.

At 1 July 2014:
Net fair value of identifiable assets
and liabilities of Matilda Ltd = ($40 000 + $4 000 +
$2 800) (equity)
+ ($3 500 – $3 000) (1 – 30%) (BCVR - inventories)
+ ($61 000 – $60 000) (1 – 30%) (BCVR - plant)
= $47 850
Consideration transferred = $50 000
Goodwill = $50 000 - $47 850
= $2 150
2.
Business combination valuation entries at 1 July 2014
Accumulated depreciation Dr 20 000
Plant and equipment Cr 19 000
Business combination valuation reserve Cr
700
Inventories Dr 500
350
Goodwill Dr 2 150
Business combination valuation reserve Cr 2
150
Pre-acquisition entries at 1 July 2014
Retained earnings (1/7/14) Dr 2 800
Share capital Dr 40 000
Asset revaluation surplus Dr 4 000
Business combination valuation reserve Dr 3 200
Shares in Matilda Ltd Cr 50 000

3.
(1) Business combination valuation entries at 30 June 2016
Accumulated depreciation Dr 20 000
Plant & equipment Cr 19 000
700
Depreciation expense Dr 200
Retained earnings (1/7/15) Dr 200
Accumulated depreciation Cr 400
Deferred tax liability Dr 120
Retained earnings (1/7/12) Cr 60
Goodwill Dr 2 150
Business combination valuation reserve Cr 2
150
(2) Pre-acquisition entries at 30 June 2016
Retained earnings (1/7/15)* Dr 3 150
Share capital Dr 40 000
Asset revaluation surplus Dr 4 000
Business combination valuation reserve Dr 2 850
Shares in Matilda Ltd Cr 50 000
* $2800 + $500 (1 – 30%) (BCVR - inventories)
4. Elimination of the effects of intragroup transactions at 30
June 2015
Sales of inventories from Zoe Ltd to Matilda Ltd (assuming that
the inventories on hand with Matilda at 1 July 2015 were all the

inventories transferred to it during the period ended 30 June
2015 from Zoe Ltd)
Sales revenue Dr 2 000
Inventories Cr
500
The first adjusting entry eliminates the unrealised profit in
closing inventories at 30 June 2015. As inventories originally
transferred intragroup remain unsold at the end of the period, at
30 June 2015 the profit on the intragroup sale related to
inventories still on hand (i.e. $2 000 - $2 000 / 1.33 = $500) is
unrealised and should be eliminated on consolidation by:
intragroup price – this eliminates the amount recognised by Zoe
Ltd on the intragroup sale so that the consolidated figure
reflects only the sales revenues generated from transactions
with external parties.
profit (i.e. $500) – this corrects the overstatement of inventories
still on hand that are recorded by Matilda Ltd based on the
intragroup price, making sure that those inventories are
recorded at the original cost to the group.
recognised by Zoe Ltd (based on the original cost) so that the
consolidated figure reflects only the cost of sales of the
inventories sold to the external entities based on their original
cost to the group.

recognised by Zoe Ltd in advance on the unrealised intragroup
profit.
5. Elimination of the effects of intragroup transactions at 30
June 2016
(3) Dividend paid
Dividend revenue Dr 2 000
Dividend paid Cr 2 000
This adjusting entry eliminates the dividend revenue recognised
by Zoe Ltd and the dividend paid recognised by Matilda Ltd
during the current period (this dividend is identified by
inspecting the financial statements of Matilda Ltd). As this
adjusting entry does not have any net impact of the consolidated
retained earnings, there won’t be any further adjusting entries in
the next period for the dividends paid this current period. Also,
for dividends there are no tax effects that should be recognised
or adjusted on consolidation. As the dividends were paid during
the current period, there won’t be a need to eliminate any
Dividends Payable or Dividends Receivable.
(4) Dividend declared
Dividend revenue Dr 2 400
The first adjusting entry eliminates the dividend revenue
recognised by Zoe Ltd and the dividend declared recognised by

Matilda Ltd during the current period (this dividend is also
identified by inspecting the financial statements of Matilda
Ltd). As this adjusting entry does not have any net impact of the
consolidated retained earnings there won’t be any further
adjusting entries in the next period for the dividends paid this
current period. Also, for dividends there are no tax effects that
should be recognised or adjusted on consolidation. As the
dividends were not paid during the current period, there will be
a need to eliminate Dividends Payable and Dividends
Receivable in the second adjusting entry.
(5) Profit in beginning inventories: sales from Zoe Ltd to
Matilda in the previous period
Retained earnings (1/7/15) Dr 350
In this case, the unrealised profit in closing inventories from the
period ended 30 June 2015 and recognised as unrealised profit
in opening inventories in this period (i.e. $2 000 – $2 000 / 1.33
= $500) is assumed to become realised by the end of the current
period. As such, this profit needs to be transferred from the
previous period to the current period by:
the after-tax unrealised profit in opening inventories ($500 x (1
– 30%)) – this eliminates the unrealised profit from the prior
period’s profit
· Crediting Cost of Sales with an amount equal to the before-tax
unrealised profit in opening inventories – this increases the
current profit as the previously unrealised profit is now
realised.
As a result of this transfer of profit to the current period, the
current period profit increases and a tax effect should also be

recognised in the adjusting entry by:
on the unrealised profit in opening inventories.
(6) Sales of inventories from Zoe Ltd to Matilda Ltd in the
current period
The only adjusting entry eliminates the intragroup sales revenue
and the cost of sales recognised by Zoe Ltd as the profit on the
intragroup sale to Matilda Ltd is entirely realised during the
current period. As the inventories are sold by the end of the
period to an external entity, at 30 June 2016 the entire profit on
the intragroup sale is realised; however, the aggregate sales
revenues and cost of sales are overstated from the group’s
perspective as they include the intragroup sales revenue and the
cost of sales recognised based on the price paid intragroup by
Matilda Ltd. On consolidation, this overstatement needs to be
corrected. There won’t be any tax-effect adjustment entry as the
only adjusting entry posted now does not have any net effect on
the profit or on the carrying amount of inventories.
(7) Profit in ending inventories: sales from Matilda Ltd to Zoe
Ltd
Inventories Cr 400
The first adjusting entry eliminates the unrealised profit in
closing inventories at 30 June 2016. As inventories originally

transferred intragroup by Matilda Ltd remain unsold at the end
of the period, at 30 June 2016 the profit on the intragroup sale
related to inventories still on hand (i.e. $4 400 - $4 400 / 1.1 =
$400) is unrealised and should be eliminated on consolidation
by:
intragroup price – this eliminates the amount recognised by
Matilda Ltd on the intragroup sale so that the consolidated
figure reflects only the sales revenues generated from
transactions with external parties.
profit (i.e. $400) – this corrects the overstatement of inventories
still on hand that are recorded by Zoe Ltd based on the
intragroup price, making sure that those inventories are
recorded at the original cost to the group.
recognised by Matilda Ltd (based on the original cost) so that
the consolidated figure reflects only the cost of sales of the
inventories sold to the external party based on their original
cost to the group.
recognised by Matilda Ltd in advance on the unrealised
intragroup profit.
(8) Sale of furniture
Gain on sale of office furniture Dr 500
Office furniture Cr 500

The first journal entry eliminates the intragroup gain on sale of
office furniture (i.e. $3 000 - $2 500). The adjusting entry will
also bring down the balance of the office furniture account to
reflect the original carrying amount of the asset before the
intragroup sale. All of these adjustments are necessary as the
asset is still on hand with the group and there was no sale
involving an external entity.
explanation, for the tax prepayment made by Matilda Ltd on the
unrealised profit from the intragroup sale.
(9) Depreciation of furniture
(10% x 1/2 x $500)
(30% x $25 – rounded upwards)
The first adjusting entry is necessary to adjust the depreciation

on the intragroup sale but only for the 6 months since the
intragroup sale. It should be noted that this adjustment to
depreciation adjustments, the second adjusting entry adjusts the
on the intragroup sale (see worksheet entry (8)), basically
reversing that previous tax effect entry for the part of the profit
that is now realised. That is because the depreciation adjustment
entry increases the carrying amount of the asset, with no effect
on the tax base and therefore decreases the deductible
temporary difference that was recorded in the deferred tax asset
when eliminating the gain on intragroup sale in worksheet entry
(8).
6. Consolidation worksheet at 30 June 2016
Zoe
Ltd
Matilda
Ltd
Adjustments
Group
Dr
Cr

Sales revenue
78 000
40 000
6
7
5 600
4 400
108 000
Dividend revenue
4 400
1 600
3
4
2 000
2 400
1 600
82 400
41 600
109 600
Cost of sales
60 000
30 000
500
5 600

4 000
5
6
7
79 900
Other expenses
10 800
5 000
1
200
25
9
15 975
70 800
35 000
95 875
Profit from trading
11 600
6 600
Gain on sale of furniture
0
500
8
500

0
Profit before tax
11 600
7 100
13 725
Tax expense
3 000
2 200
5
9
150
8
60
120
150
1
7
8
5 028
Profit
8 600
4 900
8 697
Retained earnings
1/7/12)
14 500
2 800
1

2
5
200
3 150
350
60
1
13 660
23 100
7 700
22 357
Dividend paid
4 000
2 000
2 000
2
4 000
Dividend declared
8 000
2 400
2 400
3
8 000
12 000
4 400

12 000
11 100
3 300
10 357
7.
ZOE LTD
Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other
Comprehensive Income
for the financial year ended 30 June 2013
Revenues:
Sales revenue $108 000
Dividend revenue 1 600
$109 600
Expenses:
Cost of sales 79 900
Other expenses 15 975

95 875
Profit before income tax 13 725
Income tax expense 5 028
Profit for the period $8 697
Other comprehensive income:
Asset revaluations: Increments 2 500
Comprehensive income for the period $ 11 197
11
Accounting for Group Structure – An Introduction
WORKSHOP
Ch 26 & 27.
1
Topic intended learning outcomes
explain the purpose of consolidated financial statements
discuss the meaning and application of the criterion of control
discuss the consolidation process in the case of wholly owned
entities and the initial adjustments required in the consolidation
worksheet

prepare an acquisition analysis for the parent’s acquisition of a
subsidiary
prepare the consolidation worksheet entries at the acquisition
date, being the business combination valuation entries and the
pre-acquisition entries
prepare the consolidation worksheet entries in periods
subsequent to the acquisition date
Consolidated financial statements:
Involves the preparation of a single set of financial statements.
Involves combining the financial statements of the individual
entities in a group.
So that they show the financial position and financial
performance of the group of entities.
Presented as if they were a single economic entity.
Consolidated financial statements
LO1
3
Consolidated financial statements are ‘…the financial
statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities, equity,
income, expenses and cash flows of the parent and its
subsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity’.
Relevant standards:
AASB 10/IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements
AASB 3/IFRS 3 Business Combinations.

LO1
4
Group – a parent and its subsidiaries
Parent – an entity that controls one or more entities
Subsidiaries
– an entity that is controlled by another entity
LO1
5
A Ltd
B Ltd
Parent
“control” must exist (more on this later)
Subsidiary
The group is referred to as the “A Ltd Group”
LO1

6
A parent is an entity that controls one or more entities.
Control is the criterion for identifying when a parent-subsidiary
relationship exists.
Significant judgement is often required in determining whether
control exists.
Control
LO2
7
Control
The following three elements are required in order for an
investor to have control:
power over the investee
exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement
with the investee
the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the
amount of the investor’s returns.
All three elements must be present for control to exist.
LO2
8
Power is defined as ‘…existing rights that give the current
ability to direct the relevant activities’.
Control – Power

LO2
9
Power arises from rights
Most rights arise from a legal contract. Examples in AASB
10/IFRS 10 include:
voting rights
rights to appoint, reassign or remove members of the investee’s
key management personnel
rights to appoint or remove another entity that participates in
management decisions
rights to direct the investee to enter into, or veto any changes
to, transactions that affect the investee’s returns.
Control – Power
LO2
10
Rights must be substantive – the holder must have the practical
ability to exercise the rights.
Control – Power
LO2
11

Judgment is required in determining whether rights are
substantive. Factors to consider per AASB 10/IFRS 10 are:
Whether the party that holds the rights would benefit from
exercising the rights – e.g. potential voting rights.
Whether there are any barriers that prevent a holder from
exercising rights.
Where multiple parties are involved, whether there is a
mechanism in place to enable those parties to practically
exercise the rights.
Control – Power
LO2
12
Control – Power
If a right is purely protective, then the holder does not have
power.
Protective rights are designed to protect the interest of the party
holding those rights without giving the party power over the
entity to which the rights relate.
LO2
13

Example of protective rights include the following:
a lenders’ right to restrict a borrower from undertaking certain
activities
the right of a party holding a non-controlling interest to approve
various transactions
the rights of a lender to seize the assets of a borrower in the
event of default.
Control – Power
LO2
14
Power is the ability to direct – rather than actually directing.
The ability to direct must be current.
e. g. consider the impact of an investor that holds call options.
It must be relevant activities that are being directed:
that is activities of the investee that significantly affect the
investee’s returns.
Control – Power
LO2
15
Voting rights
Where the investor holds more than 50%, power is assumed if:
relevant activities are directed by a vote of the holder of the
majority of shares, or

a majority of the members of the governing body that directs the
relevant activities are appointed by a vote of the holder of the
majority of shares.
Control – Power
LO2
16
Voting rights
Where the investor holds less than 50% of voting shares of
investee, determining whether investor has control requires
examining potential actions of holders of other shares in
investee:
attendance at AGM
level of dilution and disorganisation or apathy of remaining
shareholders
existence of a contracts.
Control – Power
LO2
17
Examples of returns that can exist in parent-subsidiary
relationship include:
dividends
obtaining scarce raw materials on priority basis

gaining access to subsidiary’s distribution network, patents
economies of scale
denying or regulating access to subsidiary’s assets to
competitors.
The returns must have the potential to vary according to the
performance of the entity
Exposure or rights to variable returns
LO2
18
The third element requires that the parent has the ability to
increase its benefits and limit its losses from the subsidiary’s
activities.
Remember, all three elements must be present for control to
exist.
Ability to use the power to
affect returns
LO2
19
No Control
No parent –subsidiary relationship
No consolidation

Consolidation involves combining financial statements of
individual entities to show financial position and performance
of group as if it were single entity.
Consolidated financial statements are prepared by:
(i) Aggregating (combining), line by line, like items of assets,
liabilities, equity, income and expenses.
(ii) Adjusting these combined figures for inter-group
transactions between entities within the group (covered in
following chapters).
Consolidated process
LO3
20
Simple consolidation worksheet for the A Ltd groupA LtdB
LtdConsolidationCurrent assets50 000+20 000=70 000Non
current assets150 000+120 000=270 000Total assets200 000 140
000340 000Total liabilities(80 000)+(30 000)=(110 000)Net
assets120 000110 000230 000
Consolidation does not involve adjustments in the accounts of
the entities. Consolidated financial statements are an additional
set of financial statements and are prepared in a consolidation
worksheet.

LO3
21
Consolidation involves adding together the financial statements
of the parent and subsidiaries and making a number of
adjustments:
Business combination valuation entries – required to adjust the
carrying amount of the identifiable assets acquired and the
liabilities assumed of the subsidiary to fair value.
Pre-acquisitions entries – required to eliminate the carrying
amount of the parent’s investment in each subsidiary against the
pre-acquisition equity of that subsidiary.
Consolidation process in the case of
wholly owned entities
LO1
22
Consolidation involves adding together the financial statements
of the parent and subsidiaries and making a number of
adjustments:
Transactions between entities within the group subsequent to
acquisition date (chapter 28).
Consolidation process in the case of
wholly owned entities
LO1

23
To facilitate the addition process a consolidation worksheet is
used:
No adjustments are made in the accounting records of the
individual entities
Therefore the entries must be made each time a cons. worksheet
is prepared
Consolidation worksheets
LO2
24
An acquisition analysis compares the cost of acquisition with
the fair value of the identifiable net assets and contingent
liabilities (FVINA) that exist at acquisition to determine
whether there is:
Goodwill on acquisition (where cost > FVINA).
Bargain purchase (where cost < FVINA).
NOT the book value
The acquisition analysis
LO3
25
Hitech Ltd acquired all of the issued share capital of Lotech Ltd
on 30 June 2016 for a cash consideration of $400,000.

At that time the net assets of Lotech Ltd were represented as
follows:
$Share capital300,000Retained earnings50,000Net
assets350,000
Book value of identifiable net assets (BVINA)
Lecture example – background
information
LO3
26
When Hitech acquired its investment in Lotech the following
information applied:
Land held by Lotech was undervalued by $10,000.
A building held by Lotech was undervalued by $45,000. The
building had originally cost $100,000 2 years ago and was being
depreciated at 10% per year.
A contingent liability relating to an unsettled legal claim with a
fair value of $3,000 was recorded in the notes to Lotech’s
financial statements.
The tax rate is 30%.
Lecture example – background
information
LO3
27
$Cost of acquisition400,000Book value of net assets - Share
capital300,000 - Retained earnings50,000Total book value of

net assets350,000Fair value adjustments - After tax increase
in land7,000 - After tax increase in building31,500 - After
tax recognition of provision for legal claim(2,100)Total fair
value adjustments36,400FVINA386,400X %age
acquired100%386,400Goodwill/(bargain purchase) on
acquisition 13,600
A
Cash consideration
B
BVINA
Adjust to fair value & add. of cont. liability
10,000 x (1 – 30%) = 7,000
45,000 x (1 – 30%) = 31,500
(3,000) x (1-30%) = (2,100)
C
B + C = D
A – D
If +ve = Goodwill
If –ve = Bargain Purchase
No previously held equity interest
Example facts as per slide 15
Hitech Ltd acquired all of the issued share capital of Lotech Ltd
on 30 June 2016 for a cash consideration of $400,000
Net assets = $350,000 as Share capital $300,000 + Retained
earnings $50,000
Slide 16 information
Land held by Lotech was undervalued by $10,000
A building held by Lotech was undervalued by $45,000.
The building had originally cost $100,000 2 years ago and was

being depreciated at 10% per year
A contingent liability relating to an unsettled legal claim with a
fair value of $3,000 was recorded in the notes to Lotech’s
financial statements
28
Parent has previously held equity interest in the subsidiary
Where control is achieved in stages:
the previously held equity instruments in the acquiree.
must be adjusted to fair value prior to performing the
acquisition analysis.
Example:
Hitech acquired 15% of Lotech on 30 June 2010 and the
remaining 85% on 30 June 2016.
Acquisition analysis
LO3
29
Parent has previously held equity interest in the subsidiary
Additional entries are required in the parents books in
accordance with AASB 9/IFRS 9 Financial Instruments:
recognising the increase (decrease) to fair value FV in profit or
loss
unless the parent has elected to recognise changes in fair value
as other comprehensive income.
Acquisition analysis and consolidation entries remain
unchanged.
Acquisition analysis

LO3
30
Business combination valuation entries
If the BV of subsidiary assets and liabilities > < FV.
Or, if a contingent liability exists, then “business combination
valuation” adjustments are required:
to increase or decrease subsidiary’s recorded assets and
liabilities book values to fair value;
to recognise previously unrecognised assets (e.g. internally
generated intangibles) at fair value; or
to recognise subsidiary’s contingent liabilities as liabilities at
fair value.
Consolidation worksheet entries at
the acquisition date
LO4
31
Business combination valuation entries
Business Combination Valuation Reserve (BCVR) account is
used to record these adjustments.
The BCVR is similar to the Asset Revaluation Surplus (ARS)
account.

LO4
32
Where the BCVR entry is done in the ARS account in the
subsidiary’s books:
it is recorded in the G/L and
therefore automatically carries forward to future periods once
entered.
BUT
Where the entry is done in the BCVR on consolidation (i.e.
on the worksheet) it must be manually carried forward to future
periods.
LO4
33
Equity balances that existed in the subsidiary prior to
acquisition date are referred to as pre-acquisition equity:
all movements after the date of acquisition are referred to as
post-acquisition.
You cannot have an investment in yourself, nor can you have
equity in yourself.
From a consolidated viewpoint, these items should not exist i.e.
they must be eliminated to avoid double counting.
Pre-acquisition entries

LO4
34
The pre-acquisition entry:
Eliminates the asset “Investment in subsidiary” (in the parent’s
books)
Against the pre-acquisition equity (in the subsidiary’s books)
The pre-acquisition entry required for the lecture example is:
DR Share capital 300,000
DR Retained earnings 50,000
DR BCVR 50,000
CR Investment in Lotech 400,000
These figures are taken from the acquisition analysis (refer to
slide 15 earlier)
Pre-acquisition entries
LO4
35
Hitech Ltd.Lotech
Ltd.AdjustmentsGroup$’000$’000DRCR$’000Cash in
bank460200660Deferred Tax Asset0.90.9Land -
20010210Building10025125Accumulated Depreciation--2020-
Investment in Lotech Ltd400-4000Goodwill--
13.613.68604801,009.50Creditors160130290Deferred Tax
Liability3 +
13.516.5Provision for legal claim33Share
capital600300300600Retained earnings1005050100BCVR2.1 +
507 +

31.5 +13.608604801,009.50
Note
these
values
Pre-acquisition entry
In the equity section of the statement of financial position the
subsidiary’s balances have been eliminated in full, so the group
balances = parent’s balances
Example: pre-acquisition entry at
acquisition date
LO4
The consolidation journals will be posted onto the consolidation
worksheet at 30 June 2016 (the date of acquisition)
36
So far, we have considered the consolidation journals required
if a consolidation was being prepared on the acquisition date.
How do these journals change if a consolidation is being
prepared on a later date?
How do transactions and events occurring post-acquisition
impact on the business combination valuation adjustment
entries?
How do post-acquisition transactions and events impact on the
pre-acquisition entry?
Worksheet entries subsequent to
acquisition date

LO5
37
Super retail group case study
Obtain a copy of the most recent annual report of the Super
Retail Group.
Identify and review the information on the subsidiaries included
within the Super Retail GROUP.
How many subsidiaries are there? Where are they located? What
do they do? How does the parent company CONTROL these
subsidiaries?
Do the consolidated accounts provide a relevant and reliable
measure of the group’s performance and position? In the
absence of consolidated accounts, how could you review how
well the group was performing?
Workshop Case study
conclusion
This topic has reviewed the nature of group structures and
explored the basic consolidation procedures.

What is a subsidiary?
What are the key steps to consolidate?
Next week, we continue our study of consolidation procedures
and explore how to eliminate the effects of transactions between
members of a group.
WORKSHOP WEEK 7: CHAPTER 26 AASB3 BUSINESS
COMBINATIONS AND CHAPTER 27 AASB3 AND AASB12
SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS
Online practice exercises available through Wiley+
Chapter 26
Comprehensive Questions
1. What is a group, a parent and a subsidiary?
According to Appendix A of AASB 10/IFRS 10 Consolidated
Financial Statements:
· A group is formed by a parent and all its subsidiaries.
· A parent is an entity that controls one or more entities.
· A subsidiary is an entity that is controlled by another entity, a
parent.
3. What are the key elements of control?
Based on the definition of control from Appendix A of AASB
10/IFRS 10, paragraph 7 of AASB 10/IFRS 10 identifies three
elements that must be held by an investor in order for it to have

control:
· Power over the investee
· Exposure or rights to variable returns from the parent’s
involvement with the subsidiary
· The ability to use the power over the subsidiary to affect the
amount of the parent’s returns.
8. What is the link between ownership interest and
control?
As paragraph B35 of AASB 10/IFRS 10 states, where an
investor holds more than half of the voting rights of the
investee, the investor has power over the investee in the absence
of other evidence. Different classes of shares may have
different voting rights. However, unless otherwise specified in
the company’s constitution, each shareholder has one vote for
each share held. Therefore, it is normally assumed that the
percentage of ownership interest of an investor is equivalent to
the percentage of voting rights that this investor holds in the
investee. As such, it is normally assumed that an investor that
has more than 50% ownership interest in an investee has the
power over the investee. Given that the shares give to the
shareholders the right to receive dividends, it is further assumed
that an investor holding more 50% ownership interest has
control. Of course, a shareholder with less than 50% ownership
interest may still have control if there is any other evidence that
the shareholder is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns
from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to
affect those returns through its power over the investee. Also, a
shareholder with more than 50% ownership interest may not
have control, especially if most of the shares held are non-
voting shares.
11. What are the reasons for preparing consolidated
financial statements?

Some of the reasons for which the regulators require the parent
entity to prepare consolidated financial statements are as
follows:
i.To supply relevant information to investors in the parent
entity. The information obtained from the consolidated financial
statements is relevant to investors in the parent entity. A
shareholder’s wealth in the parent is dependent not only on how
that entity performs, but also on the performance of the other
entities controlled by the parent. To require these investors in
analysing their investment to source their information from the
financial statements of each of the entities comprising the group
would place a large cost burden on those investors.
ii.To allow comparison of the group with similar entities. Some
entities are organised into a group structure such that different
activities are undertaken by separate entities within the group.
Other entities are organised differently, with some having all
activities conducted within the one entity. Access to
consolidated financial statements makes comparisons across the
group an easier task for the users of financial statements.
iii.To assist in the discharge of accountability by management
of the group. A key purpose of financial reporting is the
discharge of accountability by management. Entities that are
responsible or accountable for managing a pool of resources —
being the recipients of economic benefits and responsible for
payment of obligations — are generally required to report on
their activities and are held accountable for the management of
those activities. The consolidated financial statements report the
assets under the control of the group management as well as the
claims on those assets.
iv.To report the risks and benefits of the group as a single
economic entity. There are risks associated with managing an
entity, and an entity rarely obtains control of another without

also obtaining significant opportunities to benefit from that
control. The consolidated financial statements allow an
assessment of these risks and benefits. Note, however, that the
benefits from intragroup transactions are eliminated when
preparing consolidated financial statements, as those statements
should only reflect the effects of transactions with external
parties.
Exercise 26.8
Determining subsidiary status
In the following independent situations, determine whether a
parent–subsidiary relationship exists, and which entity, if any,
is a parent required to prepare consolidated financial statements
under AASB 10/IFRS 10.
1. Road Ltd is a company that was hurt by the global financial
crisis. As a result, it experienced major trading difficulties. It
previously obtained a significant loan from Wile E. Bank, and
when Road Ltd was unable to make its loan repayments, the
bank made an agreement with Road Ltd to become involved in
the management of that company. Under the agreement between
the two entities, the bank had authority for spending within
Road Ltd. Road Ltd’s managers had to obtain authority from the
bank for acquisitions over $10 000, and was required to have
bank approval for its budgets.
2. Runner Ltd owns 80% of the equity shares of Beep Beep Ltd,
which owns 100% of the shares of Looney Ltd. All companies
prepare reports under Australian accounting standards.
Although the shares of Beep Beep Ltd are not traded on any
stock exchange, its debt instruments are publicly traded.
3. Coyote Ltd is a major financing company whose interest in
investing is return on the investment. Coyote Ltd does not get

involved in the management of its investments. If the investees
are not managed properly, Coyote Ltd sells its shares in that
investee and selects a more profitable investee to invest in. It
previously held a 35% interest in Tunes Ltd as well as providing
substantial convertible debt finance to that entity. Recently,
Tunes Ltd was having cash flow difficulties and persuaded
Coyote Ltd to convert some of the convertible debt into equity
so as to ease the effects of interest payments on cash flow. As a
result, Coyote Ltd’s equity interest in Tunes Ltd increased to
52%. Coyote Ltd still wanted to remain as a passive investor,
with no changes in the directors on the board of Tunes Ltd.
These directors were appointed by the holders of the 48% of
shares not held by Coyote Ltd.
In each of these circumstances the following principle from the
Basis of Conclusions to AASB 10/IFRS 10 should be used:
BC41 The definition of control includes three elements,
namely an investor’s:
(a) power over the investee;
(b) exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its
involvement with the investee; and
(c) the ability to use its power over the investee to affect
the amount of the investor’s returns.
Note also that paragraph 4 of AASB 10/IFRS 10 states that an
entity that is a parent shall present consolidated financial
statements except:
(a) a parent need not present consolidated financial statements
if it meets all the following conditions:
(i) it is a wholly-owned subsidiary or is a partially-owned
subsidiary of another entity and all its other owners, including
those not otherwise entitled to vote, have been informed about,
and do not object to, the parent not presenting consolidated

financial statements;
(ii) its debt or equity instruments are not traded in a public
market (a domestic or foreign stock exchange or an over-the-
counter market, including local and regional markets);
(iii) it did not file, nor is it in the process of filing, its financial
statements with a securities commission or other regulatory
organisation for the purpose of issuing any class of instruments
in a public market; and
(iv) its ultimate or any intermediate parent produces
consolidated financial statements that are available for public
use and comply with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRSs).
1. This question will be looked at under two scenarios:
(i) Road Ltd is not a subsidiary of any other entity.
The key issue is whether the fact that the bank has authority in
relation to acquisitions and approval of budgets is sufficient to
give the bank the status of a parent.
The bank will receive a return from Road Ltd in the form of
interest on the loan.
Wile E. Bank
Has:
· Power over Road Ltd, as it has rights arising from the legal
contract
· It can affect some of the relevant activities e.g. acquisitions,
but not others such as appointment of key management
personnel.
Road Ltd will not be a subsidiary of Wile E. Bank because:
· The bank is not exposed to variable returns from its
involvement with Road Ltd. The interest payments are not
affected by the profitability of Road Ltd.
· It cannot use its power over Road Ltd to affect the amount of
its returns, as the returns are fixed interest payments.
(ii) Road Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of another entity,

Chuck Jones Ltd.
The key issue in this scenario is whether the authority given to
the bank in relation to acquisitions and budget approval is
sufficient to state that Chuck Jones Ltd does not control Road
Ltd.
The key issue is whether Chuck Jones Ltd still has power over
Road Ltd given the arrangements with the bank.
Relevant activities over which a parent should have power
include:
(a) selling and purchasing of goods or services;
(b) managing financial assets during their life (including upon
default);
(c) selecting, acquiring or disposing of assets;
(d) researching and developing new products or processes; and
(e) determining a funding structure or obtaining funding.
Decisions about relevant activities include:
(a) establishing operating and capital decisions of the investee,
including budgets; and
(b) appointing and remunerating an investee’s key management
personnel or service providers and terminating their services or
employment.
The key issue then is whether Chuck Jones Ltd has the ability to
direct the relevant activities i.e. those activities that most
significantly affect the investee’s returns.
It is probable that Chuck Jones Ltd no longer controls Road Ltd
as the bank can: veto any changes to significant transactions for
the benefit of Chuck Jones Ltd. It can deny the company its
ability to make acquisitions, and it can reject moves within a
budget to undertake changes in inventory production.
In conclusion, a parent-subsidiary relationship does not exist in
this case and therefore no one needs to prepare consolidated
financial statements.

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