The Importance Of Environmental Justice

The Importance Of Environmental Justice
In todays world, there are a fair share of groups with opposing viewpoints as well as mindsets, which often leads to conflict. Certainly the forestry
world has had its fare share of people in power making decisions based on whats best for them finically or personally, and not what is best for the
community and/or forest. Deep ecology includes a large majority of the same concepts in which they want to work towards the best interest of the
forest and environment, and for the majority focus on the fact that humans are interfering with the forest to much as it is, and it needs to be changed
(Naess, 264). Environmental justice focuses on how currently there is an elitist membership and narrow scope in the current conventional
environmental practices and tries to work towards sustainability(Gottlieb 1993). When both of these collide they create what is knows as "Wicked
Problems", they go beyond scientific, economic, and techno–rational analysis and methods of problem solving ( Nie 307). Hence is is difficult to know
when said conflict has been solved, " We use the term 'wicked' in a meaning akin to that of 'malignant' (in contrast to 'benign') or 'vicious' (like a
circle) or 'tricky' (like a leprechaun) or 'aggressive' (like a lion, in contrast to the docility of a lamb)"(Rittel and Webber 1973: p. 160) Recently there
has been an increase in the amount of drivers in the modern environmental movement, some of which are resource scarcity, rise of outdoor recreation,
changing
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The Discipline Of Environmental History
Found within various articles and books, the discipline of environmental history permeates the study of nature and humans. By combining a multitude
of studies and methodologies, authors explore the aspects of the environment and nature along with human interaction to understand how they
commingle, affecting one another. In the following four books and one article, scholars from varying backgrounds approach environmental history in an
assortment of methods in order to prove their thesis. Their methodologies shape their thought process and lead to the structure of these books. Further
investigation into this process reveals the authors' intentions, enabling readers to understand how methodology fuels the writing process, creating an
argument, and producing valuable work.
A strong cooperation lies at the heart of Lisa M. Brady's article entitled, Has Environmental History Lost Its Way? and sets the tone for many of the
following books. She reveals that in order to study environmental history training in the field is not a requirement. Rather, a conglomeration of
backgrounds can provide insight into the study. Additionally, her article takes a materialistic approach, suggesting that straying too far from this idea
will lead to the breakdown of this study. While this seems to be the foundation of her article, her ultimate goal is a juxtaposition between the previous
approach and the idea that expanding the field is vital in creating a contemporary narrative. By

Environmental Issues Of Environmental Justice
Environmental justice is a term coined in the United States that usually deals with two different things. One is the fair treatment and meaningful
involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of
environmental laws, regulations, and policies. The other is a mixed body of social science literature pertaining to anything from environmental laws to
political ecology. Primarily based around the concept of injustices carried out by energy companies, environmental injustice is still a rampant problem
in todays wide variety of social justice issues. While the prior two meanings mentioned are the main ones, some other definitions include equitable ...
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These are seen as environmental discrimination because the companies are placing possibly toxic facilities in these specific areas where the residents
do not often have the means to fight back against them.
Due to the results of that study, waste dumps and waste incinerators have been the target ofenvironmental justice lawsuits and protests. Several of the
most popular Environmental Justice lawsuits are based off of violations of civil rights laws. The first instance to use civil rights as a way to challenge
the placement of a waste–management facility was in 1979.
The Northeast Community Action Group, or NECAG, was created by African American residents in a middle–class neighborhood in order to keep a
landfill out of their home town. This group is recognized as the first organization that found the connection between race and pollution. The group,
alongside their attorney Linda McKeever Bullard started the lawsuit Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management, Inc., which was the first of its kind to
challenge the sitting of a waste facility under civil rights law. The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which was used many times
to defend minority rights during the 1960s, has also been used in numerous Environmental Justice cases.
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is sometimes used in lawsuits that are fighting environmental inequality. Section 601 prohibits

Environmental Laws in Bangladesh
1.INTRODUCTION Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries with a low resource base, a burgeoning population with a very low land–man
ratio, often threatened by both natural & anthropogenic stresses. The vast majority of the population lives almost exclusively on the natural resource
base. This resource base is under serious threat and environmental planning is essential for the survival with dignity for Bangladesh's over 115 million
people & for sustainability of the echo system. Like all other nations of the world Bangladesh also acted to the global call for the protection and
conservation of natural environment & ecology. Industrial development significantly contributes towards economic growth of a country. It brings along
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This reflects the GOB's increasing commitment to reorient policies and action in line with the new environmental perspective. In addition a force have
been made to adjust the Governments institutional structures in order to direct more attention towards environmental issues. Most recently this
restructuring has included the establishment of a department of environment (DOE) with broader mandate for environmental management and which
come under the ministry of environment and forest and an environment and safety division within the Governments oil and gas corporation,
Petrobangla. Industrial development significantly contributes towards economic growth of a country. It brings along with it a host of environmental
problem too. Bangladesh responds to the global call for the protection and conservation of natural environment and ecology. It is increasingly being
recognized in Bangladesh, as in other parts of the world, that for development to be meaningful and sustainable over a longer period, environmental
concerns must be integrated into all development activities. Further specific environmental actions are also required for a better future development
path. Attraction of sophisticated and high yielding technologies has overpowered rationality in many instances.

Environmental Assessments And Environmental Impact...
SCOPE
This document summarizes the Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEAs) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), within the Canadian oil
and gas industry, on both the Federal and Ontario Provincial levels. It factors in the necessary transportation, processes and infrastructure that will be be
required for the implementation of the proposed investment.
Strategic Environmental Assessment
I. Transportation
a. Federal & Provincial Rail Regulation
b. Transatlantic ii. Refinery
a. Partial Refinement
Environmental Impact Assessment: Physical Infrastructure
i. Refinery ii. Storage Fields iii. Rail Infrastructure
Safety Regulations
i. Shipping
European Union Regulations
i. Life Cycle Regulation ii. Climate Change Mitigation
Other Considerations
i. Treaty Rights
Canadian Life Cycle Assessments ii. Energy Sector Examples
I. Strategic Environmental Assessment
The aim of an SEA is to ensure that all aspects of the proposed investment (i.e. the transport and refinement processes), in terms of the policy and
planning, have taken into consideration the environment and possible sources of sustainability. This must be done on both a provincial, Ontario, and a
national level.
i.Transportation
The transportation of oil and gas from Western Canada to the German receiver port will require Federal Rail regulation, as well as Ontario Rail
regulations. These Rail regulations cover the portion of the transportation from Western Canada to the Great Lakes. Regulations

Environmental Racism And Environmental Justice
Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice
Environmental Racism and Environmental justice is one of the biggest global issues that the world has facing and dealing with and critically hits the
world as a result inconsistency implementation from the government. It has many issues that out of control and unprecedented and discriminating in
the process. the government hasn't want to stabilizing the issues and environmental discrimination, and environmental policy making are one of the top
critically impact the affect the global issues and confronting environmental racism in our generation twenty first century.
According to Bullard, R. (2002), "despite significant improvements in environmental protection over past several ... Show more content on
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Moreover, the consideration of the problematic equation associated with environmental injustice is not only concern of the movement. For example
from the statement of Bullard, when stated about the environmental justice practical reality, "advances environmental justice is not a social program",
nor it and affirmative action program and that ultimately the central concern of the movement is the implementation of justice ("American
Environmental Justice Movement | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy", 2016). The statement of environmental justice, originated with a great
passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title VI, which stated that the illegality of any act against the passage that not permitted or allowed the
federal government to discrimination any bases of race, color and national origin. Nevertheless, the reality and actual practice has been differently and
the global environment issues have many conflicts that critically influence and move the world in critical movement. (http://www.iep.utm.edu/enviro–j
/#H3) As a result today there is no place in the world have environment is protected and resistible because of intentional governmental

Environmental Symbol Of Honda
6. Honda Global Environmental Symbol Components and connotations of the global environmental symbol
The global environmental symbol was created to symbolize our environmental slogan, "Blue Skies for Our Children", and consists of the slogan
combined with graphics.
The global environmental graphics have the following connotations.–The circular graphic represents the earth and sun with blue skies (clean air), clean
water, and lush green land expressing the bounty of nature that is necessary for us to realize a sustainable society where people can enjoy life. –The
white line through the middle represents a road where freedom of mobility is realized, while the heart represents Honda's thinking and passion toward
our environmental commitment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We are the first company in Japan to meet the most recent exhaust emission regulations. To reduce the environmental burden of four–stroke engines, we
have developed a unique exhaust air injection system and a programmed fuel injection (PGM– F1) (PGM–F1) system, which is currently in use in the
HONDA VFR motorcycle. On the other hand, the Giorno Crea, is a new generation, environment friendly 50cc scooter that is highly fuel–efficient.
6.2 Eco–Friendly Factory
Honda's production facilities across the world also actively pursue energy–efficient methods and prevent water pollution by reducing industrial waste.
Honda has taken aggressive initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of its manufacturing operations, by implementing its concept of the "Green
Factory". HMSI too is actively working towards establishing an environment management system.
6.3 HMSI Environmental Policy
As responsible members of society and industry, Honda Motorcycle and Scooters India Pvt. Ltd. (HMSI), recognize that well being of humans and
conservation of earth's environment is important. HMSI got ISO 14001 certification in Dec. 2002, which is committed to achieve, environmental
excellence in all its industrial activities. HMSI will establish its environmental management system following PDCA cycle and continuously work to
make it more effective. The policy will be well disseminated to our employees as well as to the public at

What Is an Environmental Audit?
What is an Environmental Audit
Environmental auditing is a systematic, documented, periodic and objective process in assessing an organization 's activities and services in relation
to: Assessing compliance with relevant statutory and internal requirements Facilitating management control of environmental practices Promoting
good environmental management Maintaining credibility with the public Raising staff awareness and enforcing commitment to departmental
environmental policy Exploring improvement opportunities Establishing the performance baseline for developing an Environmental Management
System (EMS)
Conducting an environmental audit is no longer an option but a sound precaution and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Never ignore or underestimate the audit preparation and its logistics.
Tips & Hints
The same 5Ws principle will surface in different forms through out the environmental audit process.
...
..
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Environmental Audit : A Simple Guide
2. Prepare Pre–Audit Questionnaire
To prepare questionnaire and document checklists on:
The "hard" issues:
Overall environmental management
Procurement policy
Energy management
Materials management
Water and wastewater management
Waste management
Noise monitoring and control
Air quality monitoring and control
Emergency response procedures

The "soft" issues:
Transportation and travelling
Staff awareness and training
Publicity of environmental information
Response to public enquiries and complaints
The questionnaire and checklists are to be forwarded to the relevant site personnel for completion.
3. Review Background Information
To gain familiarity with audit site through review of:
Site layout plan(s)
Site history, use and activities
Blue prints/as built drawings
Organisational structure at audit site(s)
Internal environmental policies, procedures and guidelines 5
CONDUCTING AN ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
Resource
E x a m p l e s o f p r e – a u d i t questionaires and operational document checklists are given in
PAQ 1–28 and ODC 1–21. .........
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Environmental Audit : A Simple Guide
4. Review Operational Information
To gain

American Environmental Movement
Have you ever caught yourself criticizing a littered area of your favorite park? Or cringed at the bitter taste of an apple's skin, due to heavy pesticides?
Like you, many Americans began to socially denounce the mistreatment of their natural world, thus sweeping an environmental movement across the
United States. The modern environmentalist ideas that help safe guard the nature in our everyday world have grown into a hugely adopted cultural
movement through decades of research and persuasion. Its influence on America and other parts of the world vastly differs from society to society,
however, the fundamental ideas seem to remain concrete through time.
The American environmental movement holds itself in high esteem both in the common individual opinion, and its literal definition. The
environmental movement describes the attempt to purify and conserve natural resources. This fundamental movement bore its beginnings in rough
times for the U.S., as certain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many counterclaims enter human thought, including, exaggeration of facts, content, the idea of hidden truths about our environment, and laziness. For
example, in 1983, researches released their fears of ozone degeneration and looked into both the reality and causes. Because of some faulty
information and controversial data, many citizens disregarded the warning and made no efforts to increase fuel friendliness. Ignoring the threat also
allowed every day people the ease and capital provision of using more harmful gases in their machines and vehicles. However, in May of 1985, an
article was released, confirming the ozone hole over the Antarctic. People throughout America began to drastically increase the concept "Going
Green". The effects of concern, followed by research, followed by a call to action, have created a much more conservative culture in America.
However, we are not a perfect people and both doubt and laziness in association with environment purification will continue to

Causes Of Environmental Pollution
People throw away whatever they don't need any more for more than hundreds and thousands of years, this reaches from the old medieval period
where people throw their trash and feces on the street to the modern time where people throw plastic in the oceans or pollute the air with toxic gasses
and carbon dioxide. In this paper, I will focuses on the challenges around the pollution of the air with carbon dioxide.
The nature of this problem is the nature of the primary human behavior itself. Humans in their basic behaviors only focuses on their own problems and
tries to fulfill his own demands and only uses other humans to help him in this process, often in a quid–pro–quo relationship. This instincts lead to the
behavior that humans follow the quote "Out of sight, out of mind" and get rid of their unwanted stuff without caring about the effects on other people
or the environment. Even if the pollution of the air get effects the person itself, the utilization of the drive with the car is higher than the negative
impacts that his pollution has on himself.
As long as there are practices that can fulfill some people's demands, are cheap and results in a pollution of the environment, there will be ongoing
pollution.
The challenge to start actions against our primary instincts and convince people to do the same is quite hard. In developed countries it is hard and
almost impossible to convince people to spend more money to reduce the pollution for everybody. Like it can be seen in a lot of this countries, the
only way is to create alternatives that are even cheaper or bring other benefits that eliminate the negative effect of spending money. So it can be seen
that most of the people switched to energy saving light bulbs or led light bulbs after they knew that they will save money in a longer term.
In undeveloped countries it is a lot harder to convince people to stop polluting and switch to renewable energy, because they got even less money and
can't afford green investments that would pay off in a long term perspective. The only way to get people in undeveloped countries to stop polluting is
to offer finance support that make it possible for them to pay for the long term investments or to decrease to amount the cost

What Is Environmental Inequality?
Environmental inequality, contrary to what we may imagine, is a social and political problem rather than a simple environmental problem.
Environmental inequalities are deeply tangled with political, economic structures and institutions; adding more problems to the social inequalities that
already affect our daily lives (Brehm, 2013). So, what exactly is environmental inequality? It refers to the fact that low–income people and people of
color are disproportionately likely to experience various environmental problems by living in high risk and polluted areas. If we look at this problem
closely we realize "that black, white, and Hispanic households with similar incomes live in neighborhoods of dissimilar environmental quality"
(Downey, 2008) and that most people who suffer the consequences of living in neighborhoods with high hazard levels are racial minorities. This allows
us to conclude that environmental inequality it is also linked to racism.
The concept of environmental inequality appeared at the end of the 70s and at the beginning of the 80s after researchers, activists and government
officials began to collect data that in turn showed patterns where social inequality and environmental harm became evident (Brehm, 2013). An
additional term used to describe the situation is environmental justice, which according to the sociologist Robert Bullard, misled the reality by giving
the impression that all people and communities are entitled to equal protection by environmental

Function Of Environmental Reflection
I would like to begin by saying that I have learned a great deal of materials in Dr. Malpede's Environmental Study 300 course, that have incremented
my understanding on environmental topics. We did projects, read articles and books, and wrote reflections about issues related to climate change,
ecofeminism, the sixth extinction, and the bad choices of food habits. However, the two topics that were the most appealing to me was ecofeminism and
climate change. These topics strengthen my understanding about the causes and effect of environmental catastrophes because her course requires you
to reflect on readings more than just a brief discussion. Throughout the semester I have taken two courses on Environmental, however Environmental
300 class, have notably changed my way of thinking. When I am watching the news pertaining to hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, sea–level rise,
climate change, etc., not only do I understand the content but I am also able to brainstorm about the causes and constructing my own thoughts based
on what I have learned. I appreciate have taken this class because it also has taught me to educate myself on the candidates that run for election,
because President Trump has discredited all programs and rules that protect the environment. I value the teachings of this course because it has
strengthened me as a learner, voter, and a member of society.
During the course of the semester I expanded my knowledge in numerous topics. I learned about pollution, cancer, diseases that are caused by the
pollution, the hurricanes that formed in a fast period of time because of climate change. For example, Hurricane Maria along with many others, was a
reflection of the devastation that is a caused by climate change, leading to the explanation that Greenhouse warming causes a significant formation and
intensity of stronger hurricanes. Southern California wildfires were formed because of the low humidity spread out to coastal areas, casing the
vegetation to become more flammable. The experience of discussing these topics in class after each news video not only allowed me to view climate
change deniers as a real threat but also improved my ability to understand hurricane, wildfire and other disaster. I

The Threat Of Environmental Harm
The doubt surrounding possible threats to environment has often been used as a reason to avoid taking action to protect the environment. However, it
is not always possible to have clear evidence of a threat to the environment before the damage happens. The Precautionary Principle has been widely
incorporated, in various forms, in international environmental agreements and declarations and further developed in a number of national laws. An
element common to the various formulations of the Precautionary Principle is the recognition that lack of certainty regarding the threat of
environmental harm should not be used as an excuse for not taking action to avert that threat. The Precautionary Principle recognizes that delaying
action until there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The term 'Precautionary Principle ' has been used throughout these guidelines for consistency. Finally, it must be borne in mind that the precautionary
principle is generally only relevant where specific elements are present. These specific elements are uncertainty, threat of environmental damage, and
where the threatened harm is of a serious or irreversible nature.
Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, a type of drilling that has been used commercially for 65 years. Today, the combination of advanced
hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, employing cutting–edge technologies, is mostly responsible for surging U.S. oil and natural gas production.
Hydraulic fracturing involves safely tapping shale and other tight–rock formations by drilling a mile or more below the surface before gradually turning
horizontal and continuing several thousand feet more. Thus, a single surface site can accommodate a number of wells. Once the well is drilled, cased
and cemented, small perforations are made in the horizontal portion of the well pipe, through which a typical mixture of water , sand and additives is
pumped at high pressure to create micro–fractures in the rock that are held open by the grains of sand. Additives play a number of roles, including
helping to reduce friction (thereby reducing the amount of pumping pressure from diesel–powered sources, which reduces air emissions) and prevent
pipe corrosion, which in turn help protect

Environmental Pollutions
Depending on your environmental standpoint, the market could be the solution to our environmental problems or it could be what is causing them.
Using a market approach to solve environmental problems means employing tactics such as green taxes, green consumption, offsetting, cap and
trade policies, double dividends, and fixing how subsidies are distributed. Green taxes help companies to pay for the true cost of their activities,
"Pollution taxes or green taxes have been called 'corrective taxes' because they correct price distortions that result from a failure to include the full
cost of resource depletion or environmental destruction in the end price of a product or an industry's activity" (Good News For a Change, 302).
Examples of green taxes are landfill costs, toxic waste taxes, or carbon taxes. Denmark has tried their hand at a carbon tax on industry emissions,
they took money for the company's emissions and then returned the money back to said industry in order to help the industry invent ways to reduce
energy use in their production. Another example of a green tax is when "some municipalities have required households to dispose of all waste in
special trash bags, purchased by consumers themselves, and often costing a dollar or more each" (Environment and Society: Markets and Commodities,
39). Green consumption gives consumers the ability to choose desired environmental impact with their wallet. If a consumer is worried about carbon
emissions they can purchase products

Reflection On Environmental Sustainability
Introduction
This essay will review two significant environmental experiences I have encountered exploring the influences of these my life and how these have
altered my view on what is environmental sustainability. An examination into these two experiences will follow into reviewing my perspectives on
environmental sustainability and how these two experiences influenced this. To conclude a discussion on my role as a teacher and how this will impact
myself when in the classroom.
Part A
The first experience I had was travelling through an area called Baynton about 100kms north east of Melbourne early in 2009. It was about 6 weeks
after the Black Saturday bushfires devastated the whole region, driving through was incredibly eerie and unsettling. Everything was black and
charred, in the paddocks there was no grass, no fences, all the trees were burnt trunks, no foliage at all was present. There were no animals grazing in
the paddocks, no wildlife was visible and no green anywhere. Fire is a natural part of life as my friend told me that day, trees will grow again, fences
can be mended, the animals and wildlife will return. People are what matter, thankfully no one lost their lives in the region I travelled that day. Seeing
the devastation reminded me the power of nature and how there are still many natural occurrences that mankind cannot control or master. Speaking
with residents (personal communication, March, 2009), similar and consistent observations were made that bushfire

Essay on Environmental Racism
When one discusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to mind. However, the concept of environmental racism
is rarely considered. This form of racism positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e. minorities) are
affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for
our nation's waste disposal, as well as home to agricultural and/or manufacturing industries that pollute the land. Government regulations and cultural
practices have all contributed to environmental racism. The government's policies have also negatively impacted low income groups as well as people of
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Historically, "ideas of Black inferiority and White superiority have been embedded in multiple aspects of American culture, and many images and ideas
in contemporary popular culture continue to devalue, marginalize, and subordinate non–White racial populations". Racism has influenced decades of
land use, housing patterns, and infrastructure development. With the creation of housing subdivisions, the white and wealthy moved to modern
communities, while the non–white and poor were left to live in areas that were rundown. Today, we see that in some cases, zoning laws have fueled
environmental, as well as residential, racism. In certain communities around the nation, "expulsive" zoning has pushed out residents, and allowed
industries to move into communities, and pollute the land, air, and water. These zoning laws define land for residential, commercial, or industrial uses,
and impose narrower land–use restrictions. In this case certain individuals are forced to leave their community, and give any property they have up to
these "dirty" industries. Without more stringent enforcement mechanisms and penalties in place, this nation will continue to see this type of
discrimination and environmental racism.
Certain environmental justice frameworks attempt to turn the dominant environmental paradigm on its head and seek to prevent environmental threats
before they occur. This paradigm is known as the Precautionary

Environmental Law in Kenya
1. How can Environmental Law be effectively enforced in Kenya?
For environmental law to be effectively enacted in Kenya their needs to be emphasis on the need for a universal environmental ethic. There needs to be
a concern on the ability to provide information that changes behaviour towards the environment i.e. not stopping at awareness creation but to also go
through education & advocacy. This led to the enactment of the Environmental Management and Coordination Act. (EMCA). With the enactment of
the EMCA, the fundamental principles on the environment espoused in various multilateral environmental agreements and intellectual discourse were
incorporated into Kenyan law.
Therefore it is based on the recognition that improved co ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
iii) Provincial and District committees
The committee is responsible for the following:
A) is responsible for the proper management of the environment within the province or district in respect of which they are appointed.
(b) Perform such additional functions as are prescribed by this Act or as may, from time to time, be assigned by the Minister by notice in the Gazette.
There are certain mechanisms that are set in place for the protection and conservation of the environment, framework environmental laws also provide
for the management of specific environmental aspects, whether they are of a sect oral nature or of cross sectoral nature or both. These

The Role Of Environmental Education In Iran
The third phase of environmental education in Iran was from the years 1997–2005. This phase is also called Reformation Period and was marked by
"sustainable development principle[s] [being] integrated with development policy," (Shobeiri et al., 2014). The DOE was also reformed in 1998 to
include the Division of Planning and Education. In 1996, Article 46 of the Executive Regulations of the Environmental Protected Law passed, and
would "[offer] a National [award] [to] recognize[e] scientific and cultural efforts to expand environmental understanding throughout society," (Shobeiri
et al., 2014). One significant award was given to the Ministry of Education, as their new textbooks "[introduced] environmental topics [using technical,
scientific... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Fourth Phase The fourth phase started in 2006 to today. Inspired by the UN's "Education for Sustainable Development," Iran developed a
framework for environmental education, which was "compatible with Iranian cultural and social [norms]," (Shobeiri et al., 2014). They wanted to
fulfill the following goals: provide structure EE, give specialized training, create a master plan for EE, and the establishment of EE Headquarters in
Tehran. Some of these programs have been more implemented than others. Due to this, the fourth phase is not as clearly defined as the other three. The
next few sections will be looking at how well they have achieved some of their goals so far. Specialized training for environmental education seems to
have fallen by the wayside. Studies have shown that there is a shortage of teachers who lack knowledge about environmental problems and issues.
Thus, there needs to be more effort put into updating teacher qualifications and classroom materials (Karmizadegan and Meiboudi, 2012: Hederi, F. &
Heidari, M., 2015). For instance, "goals, questions, and assignments in Iranian textbooks have not changed since 2000," (Karmizadegan and Meiboudi,
2012). By not updating these concerns, efforts to increase training and knowledge in environmental education would slow down tremendously. While
the basic structure of environmental education will remain the same,

Environmental Impacts Of Environmental Disasters
Introduction Environmental damage that is caused by just one individual is exclusively minor which causes it to be unnoticed, whereas a major group
of people, such as a large corporation harming the environment at once causes major harm to society. More than a century of industrial development
has caused negative environmental impacts such as global warming, ozone depletion, and air and water pollution. These are recognized as global
environmental problems that need immediate solutions. Climate change, as an international environmental issue, is getting a great deal of attention as
it has become a global issue. In the last few decades, there has been a heightened awareness of environmental issues by governments, policy makers,
advocacy groups, business firms, and the public all over the world. The corporate role in this, the potentially most severe and all–encompassing of
environmental disasters, is quite clear as business activities are effecting climate change negatively. This paper will argue that in order to minimize the
negative effect of environmental harm and climate change, the undertakings of corporations should be structured and encouraged to perform in a
socially responsible manner. This will be examined through the discussion on the legal structure of corporations and the desire of regulators and
victims looking to hold them accountable for their environmental harm. It will be followed with a description of the importance of corporate social
responsibility. This

The Problem Of Environmental Racism
In this paper, we are going to provide a quick overview of what environmental justice is and when this phenomenon started to then analyze the dilemma
of environmental racism in minorities' neighborhoods. At the same time we will try to present some solutions to the matter as well as explain if we
believe that this kind of social–race problem could be addressed in a near future or it will be ignored and forgotten by the new generations. The
environmental justice movement is tightly related to the Civil Rights act created in 1964 and the work of Dr. Martin Luther King. Many believe that the
real origin of the movement was in Warren County, North Carolina when residents protested about a landfill placed in their county causing some
serious environmental pollution. After this event, communities around the country mainly low income, reported similar impacts in their neighborhood
and land, making everyone aware of a new wave of racial discrimination, reason enough to get the attention of human rights activists who promptly
took action and a new political agenda was created. The environmental movement main purpose is to seek change in the abuse of decisions made by
people in power to the disproportional exposure of color people and other racial minorities to polluted air, soil and water causing long term health
effects by allowing the construction of waste or nuclear facilities in the same segregated area were poor people are located. Based on the description
above many

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Environmental Scanning
Environmental scanning or Analysis involves business managers to study the external environment variables for attaining good result as business
operates in an environment. It is also termed as environment monitoring. It is the process of gathering or collecting the information regarding
organization, analysing it and forecasting the impact of all predictable trends in environmental changes. Successful marketing strategies are always
dependent on such environmental scanning and marketing programmes always depends on its environmental changes. At the same time, environment
scanning points towards interaction among various environmental factors.
Strategic management or business policy is treated as a means to achieve the organizational purpose. The process of strategic management involves
determining the mission and objectives, identifying the opportunities and threats in an environment and evaluating ... Show more content on
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Search and Scanning: If particular type of information is required regarding the business environment, a proper research is conducted to have right
conclusion.
3.Spying: It is considered as an unethical in business, even though some organization often uses spying as a source to collect information.
4.Forecasting and Formal Studies: The information gathered by above three methods is used to predict business environment. Such forecast is basically
done by corporate planners of consultants.
1.10 LIMITATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
Following are the main limitation of business environment analysis:
1.Unexpected and Unanticipated Analysis: Sometime business has to face the unexpected events, so there will be no benefit of environmental analysis.
2.No sufficient Guarantee: Environmental analysis does not give any guarantee that the estimated events will happen.
3.Uncritical Faith: Sometime the data used for the decision may be incorrect so it can be risky.
4.Too Much Information: Too much information related to the analysis will create the doubt in

Environmental Impact On Airbus
AIRBUS
Airbus is an airline manufacturer who is based out of France .It has production facilities in many countries including France, Spain etc. It has a
revenue of around 60 billion euros and a net income in 2.34 billion euros. Airbus employs around 63000 employees at its 16 sites in the countries it is
present.
As a company Airbus has taken many measures for sustainability including environmental measures and has been at the forefront of innovations which
have a positive impact on environment. It has tried to create more value in its offerings with lesser impact on environment. Impact on the environment
is a major concern at Airbus for the decisions which it makes at the highest level which deals with long term planning to daily operations ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Airbus is also committed in achieving reduction in CO2 emissions and carbon neutral growth by 2020.
Eco–services: The Company uses its cradle to cradle approach to bring in more efficiency in the services which helps not only the operators but also
the environment. The company is using new Air traffic management systems to optimise routing and get fuel savings. It has also started a project
called Pamela which will take care of reuse and recycling of more than 85% of an airline's parts. Also the inputs from this project have been
incorporated in the lifecycle management. With use of a system called Tarmac Aerosave platform it has been able to decommission and recycle
aircrafts at two European airports.
Eco–partnerships: The Company is using many methods for sustainability for its aircrafts. Major issues can be resolved with creation of partnerships
with other stakeholders. Its partners include British Airways, Heathrow Airport .It has partnered with European Union and leading European airlines to
research and produce sustainable jet fuel for use. It has also partnered with SESAR and NextGen to better Air Traffic Management systems. Airbus is
also trying out an electric eTaxi system with EGTS

Environmental Issue Of Environmental Issues
Jennifer Manfredi
INRI 1015
4/18/15
Environmental Issues
One of the greatest things which is being talked about presently is the growing concerns of scientists, environmentalists, and people of this planet when
it comes to environmental issues. Environmental issues is something that is discussed frequently in the news, in politics, and in classrooms around the
world. More and more we are becoming informed and aware of the current and ever facing environmental crises that are taking place around the world
today. Some scientists and environmentalists believe that many things within our lives daily contribute to the growing detriment of the environment.
This paper will examine the concept of the biosphere, the differing viewpoints of environmental optimists and environmental pessimists regarding the
growing environmental issues, and the ways in which we can work to preserve our environment and solutions to environmental issues. As discussed in
the text International Politics on the World Stage one of the main environmental goals currently is to sustain and preserve our biosphere. The
biosphere is the global sum of all of our ecosystems on the area of earth that is occupied by living things and able to support life. It contains the
lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the planet. The biosphere consists of the land that we live on, the water that we use, and the air that we
breathe. The biosphere also contains the upper atmosphere and supports the life of the living

Environmental Engineering And Its Alternative Technologies
Environmental Engineering in Our Society
Giselle Medrano Environmental Engineering
Giselle Medrano
Sixth Grade
Abstract Environmental engineering is a broad field that is used to improve environmental conditions. It is pursued with different types of engineering
and sciences. I will be talking about several things in my essay. First, I will introduce the essay by discussing the history of environmental engineering
and its alternative technologies. Second, I will go deeper into the description of environmental engineering. Third, I will explain how and why it's
beneficial. Fourth, I will identify some engineers that developed environmental engineering. Fifth, I will describe how this technology impacts society.
Finally, I will conclude the essay by summarizing the future of this technology and including my opinion about possible new applications.
Environmental engineering has impacted our society a lot. It has been used as early as 3400 BC. For example, Egyptians used irrigation for when the
Nile flooded, and Romans used aqueducts for military objectives. Since then, the technology of environmental engineering has greatly evolved.
Environmental engineering helps us to make our environment safer and better. Environmental engineering is a broad field that uses scientific
principles to improve environmental conditions. It is pursued with geology, different types of engineering, ecology, biology, chemistry, environmental
law, and public health. From making buildings

Statement Of Environmental Engineering
When I think about the different realms of science and engineering, it is difficult to think of a domain that is going to change the world as much as
environmental engineering will, in the decades ahead.
Humanity has always engineered the environment around us. From the earliest days of wetland drainage and the need to acquire fresh water, to keep
it flowing and keep it clean enough to drink, building cesspits to take away our waste and to stop pollution of vital waterways, we have always strived
to maximize our sanitation and living conditions in order to expand and survive. Since the industrial revolution in the 19th century we have needed to
prevent businesses and individuals from polluting the environment with harmful substances. Thus the need for proper utilization of our resources and
waste management is greater than ever before. Research in the field continues at a more ferocious pace than ever, faster ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Growing up, hearing about wastewater treatment plants, effluent treatment plants or EIAs was a daily occurrence. This encouraged me to develop
interest in this field and consequently led to an industrial visit to an ETP at the age of 13 years. This was at an ETP that my grandfather had designed
and commissioned at Pharmaceutical Plant in the year of 2006. In fact, I ascribe my decision to pursue this field to that particular phase of my life.
I earned my undergraduate degree in Civil Engineering at the Dharmsinh Desai University with the grade 'First Class with Distinction'. I finished my
Baccalaureate in May 2015 scoring among the top 12 students in my class and top 5 in Environmental Engineering, which I believe, betrays my love
for the subject.
During the final year of my undergraduate degree, I received an internship opportunity at Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers, to work on a soil and
groundwater remediation

Environmental Policies Of China And Brazil
China and Brazil have developed historically together but why does Brazil have more effective environmental agencies than the China? Both nations
are different politically and cultural, however through their developments as nations their environmental policies are having different degrees of
success. These countries are partly free, but Brazil has informal institutions including the Catholic Church that affects the political climate and has
helped environmental agencies. China and Brazil have historically had similar environmental policy specifically in UN talks. These countries have had
their own struggles with their environmental policy trying to have a balance of economic growth and being a sustainable country. It is important
examine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a communist state becoming more international acknowledged as a state China had to make major changes as a government and it had to come
externally. China "began to manifest an awareness of environmental problems in the early 1970's" (Ross, 810). This was because China had gained a
seat in the UN and was working with the U.S during this time. Right before the 1972 Stockholm conference China had created a domestic agency that
worked with environmental issues so that they had a voice in the conference. This conference came to the existence of SEPA which had policies with
emission permits that was modeled by economically advanced countries such as the U.S (Ross, 812). SEPA was a cost to the state and could restrain a
growing economy which was not in China's best interest. Right before the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development China
and 41 other developing countries made a declaration. This declaration "acknowledged the need for international co–operation to promote
environmental protection and sustainable development while demanding financial assistance" (Ross, 814). This was also mentioned by the top leaders
of China that economic development would reject in any interference with domestic politics for environmental policy (Ross, 814). China eventually
reached a deal with a 9 year plan which shows that China is not against environmental

Environmental Factors
Environmental factors can play a major part in a company's marketing plan. Environmental factors can include social, ecological, political, cultural,
technological, and ethical issues. PepsiCo can face all these issues because they are a global company. Many of these issues can affect PepsiCo's
marketing plan even in different areas of the United States. Larger environmental factors affect the way they market globally with different factors
having to be considered in each area of the world.
A company operates within a larger framework of the externalenvironment that shapes the opportunities and threat to an organization. The external
environment for global and domestic marketing decisions is comprised of forces that are part of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S. values and beliefs include equality, achievement, youthfulness, efficiency, practically, self
–actualization, and freedom. The changes in a social
/cultural environment affect the consumer's behavior, which in turn will affect the sales of products. The trends in social/cultural environmental
include individuals that will change view of themselves, others and the world around them while moving toward self–fulfillment.
Technology can influence domestic and global marketing decisions and marketing and public relations common sense, especially when it opens any
number of doors to being able to tap into a vast global marketplace. Information technology is increasingly becoming important as an enabler to being
able to operate efficiently, interfacing with consumers and maintaining financial accuracy and effectively managing resources. PepsiCo has embarked
on a multiyear business process transformation initiative that includes the delivery of a SAP (a computer system that will link all of PepsiCo's
systems and processes) enterprise resource planning application (PepsiCo.com). This application will help to divert the possibility of PepsiCo not
being able to process transactions accurately and effectively or remain in step with the changing needs of the trade, which could result in the loss of
customers. Failing to deliver this application on time or anticipate the necessary readiness and training needs

The Discipline Of Environmental History
The discipline of Environmental History is found within various books, and many times these books do not use this history as their only starting point.
By combining a multitude of studies and methodologies, authors explore the aspects of the environment and nature along with human interaction to
understand how they commingle, affecting one another. In the following four books, scholars from varying backgrounds approach environmental history
in a variety of ways in order to prove their thesis. Their methodologies form their thought process and lead to the structure of these books. By digging
deeper into this process, revealing their intentions, enabling readers to understand how methodology fuels the writing process, creating an argument,
and producing valuable work.
A strong cooperation lies at the heart of Lisa M. Brady's article entitled, Has Environmental History Lost Its Way? and sets the tone for many of the
following books. She reveals that in order to study environmental history one must not necessarily be trained in that field. Rather, a conglomeration of
backgrounds can provide insight into the study. Additionally, her article takes a materialistic approach, suggesting that straying too far from this idea
will lead to the breakdown of this study. While this seems to be the foundation of her article, her ultimate goal is a juxtaposition between the previous
approach and the idea that expanding the field is vital in creating a contemporary narrative. By

Environmental Sociology And The Environmental Justice...
Environmental sociology began to emerge in conjunction with the environmental justice movement. Environmental sociology can be defined as the
study of how human societies interact with their environment. One important individual, Dr. Robert Bullard, acted as a key person throughout the
environmental justice movement. He served as a technical advisor on civil right lawsuits and is now a professor at Texas Southern University. Because
of his research dedicated to environmental issues pertaining the African American community, he is known as the father of environmental justice.
Under the umbrella of environmental sociology it discusses concepts such as environmental justice and environmental inequalities. When racial and
socially marginalized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be shown in areas that are considered fenceline communities. These are communities that are located directly in the midst of toxic pollution.
Residents who live in these communities often accept their conditions of their surroundings and wait for disasters to happen. These disasters include
chemical spills or toxic contamination that can demolish their communities at some point. These individuals are also put at a higher risk for possible
terrorist attacks. Moreover, residents who live nearby also suffer by having their wealth stolen through lowered property values. To show example, in
1992 the National Law Journal found discrepancies in the way the Environmental Protection Agency enforced its Superfund laws (Bullard & Wright
2012). In the same year Michigan's Department of Environmental Quality signed off on permits allowing Genesee Power Station to build an eighty
million dollar incinerator for construction use. This incinerator was built beside a predominately black low income neighborhood (Burke 2017). The
residents were forced to be exposed to particulate matter, carbon monoxide, lead, and acidic gases. Being within walking distance from a chemical
site would eventually begin to affect their quality of life and health (National Research Council). If disasters are to take place they are often blamed on
natural occurrences. This concept tends to be pushed by corporations who do not want to own up to

Definition Of Environmental Racism
Let's begin with a concrete definition of environmental racism. Environmental racism "...links racism with environmental actions, experiences, and
outcomes. In the broadest sense, environmental racism and its corollary, environmental discrimination, is the process whereby environmental
decisions, actions, and policies result in racial discrimination or the creation of racial advantages." (Taylor, 2009) This definition explains how the
direct outcome of these decisions makes it "racist" because of favourism or advantages that certain races or cultures receive over others. More
specifically, it is the disadvantages that cultures, such as Nigerians or Indians receive because there are viewed as either less valuable or put at a
lower ranking to the point where they do not deserve the same resources as white Americans might. We will have a look later into a case study where
a specific group of African–American's environment was indirectly tampered with and that resulted in polluted water. For now, we will continue to look
at how environmental racism can present itself in our everyday lives. For indigenous people, they are stripped from their land and they are unable to
rejuvenate the crops and seeds local to their environment. For example, farmers in the South are impacted the most by climate change and inclement
weather, however any corporation can step in and take over their land. Farmers are deeply affected by climate change when there is no downpour, or
similarly, when there is

The Conservation Of The Environmental Movement
I decided to take action for the environmental movement because it is a big issue that impacts everyone. At first, my intent was to volunteer for an
organization called "Fresh Roots", but due to a scheduling conflict, I chose UBC Farm, which is no less essential in its impact in Vancouver's
sustainability. In theory, the environmental movement has succeeded in many of its basic goals, such as bringing attention to local and global
problems, educating the public on simple sustainable actions, and starting an international conversation. Nevertheless, there are many issues
concerning the climate and living species that have not been resolved yet.
– The UBC Farm houses The Centre for Sustainable Food Systems (CSFS), which aims to change global and local food systems to be more
Eco–friendly and food secure. They try to find new ways to solve challenges that the sustainability of food systems face, and thus enhance community,
personal and environmental health. Their group's mission is to create a healthy environment through interdisciplinary collaboration, innovative
research, and educational engagement with the community. The centre also strives to increase land productivity, and advance ecosystem services;
starting from supply (habitat, fuel, food, etc.) all the way to the end–product (greenhouse gas, waste). This weekend, I was able to be a part of this
network when I volunteered at one of their fares (the UBC Farm's Apple Festival). The volunteers were assigned to do a

Environmental Problems In The Environment
Environmental issues run through the entire development of humankind at different historical stages. Due to the differences in the level of production
and productivity, the types of environmental problems, and the scope and extent of their impacts are also different and can be broadly divided into
three stages: From the appearance of mankind till the Industrial Revolution, it was the stage of early environmental problems; From the industrial
revolution to the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1984, it is a stage of modern environmental problems; From 1984 to now, it is the stage of
contemporary environmental problems.
Therefore, people often blame the environmental problems to the development of chemistry and the industrialization with the help of more matured
chemical products. The industrial revolution that started in the 18th century not only brought hope and joy to mankind, but also laid the latent threat of
human existence and development. Western countries first entered the process of industrialization, enjoying the prosperity brought about by
industrialization as soon as possible and earning the earliest bitter pill of industrialization. Beginning in the 1950s, "environmental pollution incidents"
came one after another, resulting in thousands of lives being threatened and even many people died. The world currently environmental problems
mainly include climate change, ozone depletion, deforestation and biodiversity reduction, atmospheric and

Environmental Consciousness Paper
Hope Allen
Replies to Tiffany & Shawn
Liberty University BMAL 560
Dr. Henry
Tiffany,
Good post on defining environmental consciousness, you mentioned scientist and scholars alike understands and in need of people who put more
thought into how products are manufactured. You gave good examples listed in your paper. You mentioned it is about having awareness of what an
individual is putting in the environment. I found that "prior research indicates that people vary in levels of environmental consciousness depending on
their sociodemographic characteristics (Ying– Chang & Chang, 2012). Sociodemographic characteristics pertains to combination of social demographic
factors, can influence and play ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I agree the Internet is a great platform individuals are given to socialize and transfer information. It has enhanced our environment worldwide. You
mentioned a solider didn't have the accessible resources to connect with he/she family, but in today's society that option is available for Skype to
visually connect over the internet. I found "the internet of things has a major impact in our future of mankind and on the daily life of the
individuals, we are part of a world where everything has the potential to be connected. As a matter of fact, it is estimated by garner that by 2020,
the installed base for the internet of things will exceed 212 billion and will be over 30 billion of "connected things" (Hucanu & Georgescu, 2016).
The examples of the soldier, gospel, virtually around the world were great examples that you incorporated in your paper. I agree it's important to
protect the copyright laws. You mentioned individual earning royalty for their music and it's important to ensure copyright with the music. I found
this to be true because "Copyright in a song is different from many other works. Each song holds two copyrights: a copyright in the sand recording
and a copyright in the musical composition" (Conte, 2017). Fischer explains how we should follow rules and it shows respect. In Matthew 7:12
(ERV) says, "Do for others what you would want them to do for you". As it is so many creative people in the music industry it's imperative to treat
people how you expect to be

Environmental Studies : The Environment
Giorgi Asatiani
Instructor 's Name
English 101
26 April 2015
Essay 3
Environmental Studies
The environment means the surrounding and everything that affect the organisms during their lifetime. It can also be said to be the total sum of the
water, the air and the land interrelationships amongst themselves and also with the human beings, other living organisms and the properties. The
environment includes all the physical and the biological surroundings and also their interactions. By studying the environment, it helps us to have a
better approach towards understanding the environment of the planet and also the impact that the human beings make towards it. It is, therefore,
global in nature and has a multidisciplinary subject such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Environmental Studies. N.p., 2013).
There have been various causes of environmental degradation since the industrialization age. However, some of them have been very controversial
because different countries have got different views regarding the environmental degradation. However, studies done by scientists all over the world
have got the same outcome; that our environment is at risk and if something is not done, the future is at risk due to the issues and factors that are
associated with the degradation of the environment. There are various forms of degradations that can affect the environment easily. They include;
deforestation, improper disposal of the waste products, water pollution and the global warming. Most of these environmental hazards are continuously
happening and thus making the environment to deteriorate. Even though the effects might not be immediate, it might take a long time before the full
effects of the above effects to be realized (Aguillon, Jon et al. Environmental Degradation: Causes, Effects And Solutions. 1st ed. 2013. Web. 14 Apr.
2015).
One of the most and perhaps the most controversial environmental degradation factor is the global warming. There are greenhouse gases that are
naturally at the atmosphere. They include; carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and the nitrous oxide. Therefore, global warming results from
the process whereby the natural levels of these

The Environmental Crisis Of Kenya And The United Nations...
The environmental crisis is the biggest crisis of our time, climate change, scarcity of fresh water and bio diversity loss are just a few of the problems
caused by the environmental crisis. National and international organizations try combat the dire effects of the environmental crisis like The Green Belt
Movement in Kenya and The United Nations framework on Environmental Change, they create initiatives like sustainable development but they have
not succeeded. My essay will introduce my interpretation of the environmental crisis, then follow with the relationship between poverty and affluence
discussed by scholars Deborah Sik in, Environment and Development and Maggie Black in, Enter "Sustainability" and propose, Deborah Sik's insights
on property rights and participatory approaches offer the best explanation for the environmental crisis but Maggie Black's Resource Based Management
for small communities gives better long lasting solutions for the environmental crisis.
My interpretation of environmental crisis and why it has grown exponentially. The environmental crisis is the most exigent matter of our time. This is
evident by environmental changes today, for example in Enter Sustainability, Maggie Black discusses the probability for water wars due to over
extraction and consumption of water (Black). This claim is corroborated by an article by The Smithsonian suggesting that shrink water aquifers
captured by NASA are partly to blame for the war in

The Importance Of Environmental Consciousness
In recent days, certainly, the term environmental consciousness is one of the most utilized in various degrees in our society. It being in a conference of
international leaders or a local neighborhood meeting, the matter of being environmentally and ecologically conscient became a mandatory measure. In
a general sense, being conscious towards environmental issues is described as the ability to comprehend the environment one habits in, the actions and
relationships among it, and the impacts the caused by a short or long term. Such consciousness is only felt as complete once the perception that such
actions are much greater than a local, it impacts the planet and the environment in question. In order to diminish the human environmental impact, we
need to rethink our actions and its possible consequences.
Additionally, another aspect of acquiring such consciousness is the search for information. After all, awareness and knowledge are subjects profoundly
interrelated. For instance, in recent days it is brought to the fact that cars are released pollutant gases, as industries.Yet that the most developed and
consumerist countries are the ones that release most pollutant gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The understanding that the amount of
waste produced is also a major issue and it produces affects the environmental balance.
However, being aware of such knowledge does not mean being environmentally conscious. Such can have minimal utility when not transformed

Environmental Sustainability And Its Effects On The...
A few problems we face in the world today include harmful ozone layer destruction, unmanageable global warming, disgustingly high levels of
pollution, dangerously high rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. The effect of these issues includes destruction of
our trees and plants, food shortages, higher risk of natural disasters, higher risk of unclean water, and a higher risk of cancer (Environmental
Problems). These obvious issues have been ravaging our earth for much too long and it is time that people begin to step up and embrace environmental
sustainability. While there are groups and foundations working towards creating a more sustainable earth, more active and widespread involvement is
necessary. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Problem Facing the World Today There are thirty–four countries in the world that are both advanced agriculturally and predominantly Muslim. These
thirty–four Islamic nations account for about 21% of the world's land surface and about 15% of its cropped area. While the agricultural sector has
been a pivotal part of Islamic life for hundreds of years, the practice is becoming more and more difficult. In regards to agriculture today, Lynn White
states that "formerly man had been part of nature; now he was the exploiter of nature" (White 3). Due to a lack of environmental awareness, farmland
is prone to erosion, usable water is becoming more and more scarce, and the long–term agricultural potential in Islamic nations is decreasing
(Tutwiler). Muslims are actually well known for placing a high priority on the environment and conservation. In fact, the Islamic holy book, the Qu'ran,
states that "Humans, as God's successors on earth, should treat the natural environment with the respect and dignity God intended it to have" (Kaltner).
So how then, if Muslims value the environment so much, is environmental degradation continuing to occur in Islamic nations? While some may say
that it is simply a result of the

Environmental Auditing Guide
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING GUIDE
IGC Document 135/12/E
Revision of Doc 135/05/E
EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL GASES ASSOCIATION AISBL AVENUE DES ARTS 3
–5 п‚· B – 1210 BRUSSELS Tel : +32 2 217 70 98 п‚· Fax : +32
2 219 85 14 E–mail : info@eiga.eu п‚· Internet : www.eiga.eu
IGC DOC 135/12
ENVIRONMENTALAUDITING GUIDE
PREPARED BY :
Marco Arrighi Stephen Bradley Philip Brickell Philippe Beraud Sophie Duboudin Cristina Gomez Delgado Per Oystein Storlien Lilijana Ruedl Simic
Chris Szweda
Sapio Industrie Air Products EIGA Air Liquide Air Liquide Praxair EspaГ±a Yara Praxair Messer Slovenija The Linde Group
Disclaimer
All technical publications of EIGA or under EIGA 's name, including Codes of practice, Safety procedures and any other technical... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
3 4.4 Types of Audit ........................................................................................................................... 4 4.4.1 Self Audit / Self–assessment
............................................................................................. 4 4.4.2 Internal Audit
..................................................................................................................... 4 4.4.3 External Audit
.................................................................................................................... 4 4.5 Basic Principles of Auditing
...................................................................................................... 4 4.5.1 Basic Characteristics
......................................................................................................... 4 4.6 The Keys to Success
................................................................................................................ 5 4.6.1 Support from

Management................................................................................................ 5 4.6.2 Participation by All
Parties................................................................................................. 5 4.6.3 Auditor Independence and Objectivity
.............................................................................. 5 4.6.4

The Ethics Of Environmental Ethics
The writings for the week covered different approaches to what environmental ethics is and how it is obtained. Different approaches in the value in
environmental ethics are found due to the different approaches. In terms of value one must find what value means to them and how they measure it.
Dobel and Frendel came to the approach that religion is a basis of environmental ethics. This is due to the fact that roots of both Christianity and
Judaism discussing the need to care for the earth in some way. Frendel states that God's statement to Adam in the Garden of Eden was to work and
watch over it (Freundel) Other Western religious writings express that man has dominion over the fish, birds, cattle, and creepy things of earth.
Many people, such as Lynn White Jr., take these writings as the source of the environmental crisis that is upon us today. While there are a many
writings that are similar to the one above there are also ones that support the earth such as I Tim. 4:4 which states that God created the world in love
and freedom and valued it as good thus all creatures shall share in its goodness. (Dobel, 1977)
Shue doesn't go as far as describing what is environmental ethic but as what is fair and equal to the rich and the poor. He discusses three principles
that can lead to fair and equitable actions across the board. The three principles are fundamental fairness and acceptable inequality, unequal burden, and
guaranteed minimum. Each one of the principles provides lead to

The Importance Of Environmental Justice

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