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Expressionist Architecture
This document discusses the history and evolution of Expressionist architecture. It describes how Expressionism began as an artistic movement in Germany in the early 20th century focused on subjective experience over physical reality. Expressionist architecture emerged around 1910 and was characterized by distorted forms to evoke emotion, experimentation, and seeing architecture as a work of art. Notable Expressionist architects included Bruno Taut, whose works were inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche, and Erich Mendelsohn, who built the distinctive Einstein Tower in 1919. Though declining under Hitler, Expressionism continues to influence contemporary architecture through styles like Brutalism, Organic architecture, and the works of architects like Santiago Calatrava.
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Expressionist Architecture
- 1. CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE ANUPA BHATTA206 DIPESH PRADHAN 215 EXPRESSIONISM MODERNISM SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 1
- 2. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 2
- 3. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 EVOLUTION OF EXPRESSIONISM VIA GERMANY EXPRESSIONISM
- 4. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 EXPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT-INTRODUCTION Present the world solely from subjective perspective Artists sought to express emotional experience rather than physical reality Characterized reaction against Positivism, Naturalism and Impressionism CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 4
- 5. EVOLUTION ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 Julien Auguste Herve called his Art Exhibition as EXPRESSIONISMES in 1886 while Czech Art historian Antonin Matejcek coined the term in 1910 Precursors were Friedrich Nietzsche, August Stindberg, Walt Whitman, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Edvard Munch, Vincent Van Gogh, Sigmund Freud…. Die Brucke led by Ernst Ludwig Kirchev in 1905- founding expressionist movement Van Gogh EXPRESSIONIST MOVEMENT 5
- 6. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 Characteristics in ART Subjective interpretation, to express emotions, moods and ideas a form of ‘self-expression’ that offer an individual voice in a world perceive as both insecure and hostile. Use of intense colours CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 6
- 7. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 EXPRESSIONIST ARCHITECTURE-Intro - Context Expressionist architecture described the activity of the German, Dutch, Austrian, Czech and Danish avant garde from 1910 until 1930 Political, economic and artistic shifts called Expressionist movement especially due to loss in war and depressions Arts and Crafts movement and Art Nouveau influenced expressionists Constructivism, Futurism and Dada movement had similar expressions Monument to the March Dead CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 7
- 8. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERS Distorted form for emotional effect, subordination of realism Efforts to achieve innovation More mineral and elemental than organic and florid Artistic and craftmanship Architecture as a work of artprime concept Profusion of works on paper, representation of concepts rather than pragmatic products. Tendencies towards Gothic, Romanesque and Rococo styles. CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 8
- 9. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 ARCHITECTS AND ARCHITECTURE Ar. Bruno Taut inspired from the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche that resulted Taut’s Alpine Architecture “Objects serve psychologically to mirror the actors' emotions and gestures." Erich Mendelshon built Einstein Tower built to symbolize greatness of Einstienian concept - 1919 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 9
- 10. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 MATERIAL AND TECHNOLOGY Brick was used as inherent nature of material as Josef Franke in Unify the materials so as to make it monolithic. Collaboration of Bruno Taut and poet Paul Scheebart inventing Glass Architecture Catholic parish church "HeiligKreuz" at Gelsenkirchen, "Coloured glass destroys hatred","Without a glass palace life is a burden","Glass brings us a new era, building in brick only does us harm"- Paul Scheerbart Einstein Tower, Mendelshon – Example of Expressionist use of Monolithic materials. CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 10
- 11. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 LEGACY, DECLINE AND REBIRTH Influences on Art Deco -immediate successor 21st Cent. Deconstructivism, Blobitecture and works of Calatrava CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 1930 after Hitlers’ regime expressionism declined New Objectivity came as the reaction to subjective expressionism Existenzminimum philosophy- use of minimal resources 11
- 12. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 NEO EXPRESSIONISM Brutalist architecture as typically very linear, fortresslike and blockish, often a concrete construction “Architecture's principal function is emotion.“ – Ar. Mathias Goeritz Eero Sarinen – TWA Terminal – organic forms close to Herman Finsterlin CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE Sydney Opera House- Jorn Utzon with the shell structure 12
- 13. ANUPA BHATTA 206 DIPESHPRADHAN 215 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE 13