SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 33
Download to read offline
From Game Design Elements
to Gamefulness
Defining “Gamification”

S. Deterding, D. Dixon, R. Khaled, L. E. Nacke 
Mindtrek 2011, Tampere, September 28, 2011
Overview	

                    You are here



• Introduction	

• Precursors and parallels	

• Defining “gamification”	

• Situating “gamification”	

• Open questions	



                                   2	
  
“Gamification”?	





                    3	
  
“Gamification”?	





                    4	
  
The industry blueprint	

     Points	

                  Badges	

        Leaderboards	

       Incentives	

Tracking, Feedback	

          Goal-setting	

     Competition	

        Rewards	





                        (And behavioral analytics in the backend)	

                                                                                      5	
  
Overview	


• Introduction	

               You are here



• Precursors and parallels	

• Defining “gamification”	

• Situating “gamification”	

• Open questions	



                                               6	
  
Precursors in HCI	


Man as machine	

   Man as computer	

               Man as meaning-maker	

Ergonomics	

       Cognitive sciences	

            Human sciences	





                    Precursors	

                 Repurposings	

               UX	

                Playfulness	

          Persuasive Tech	

                      (1980+)	

                       (2001+)	

           (2002+)	

                    (2005+)	

                (2006+)	

                                                                         Hedonic attributes	

                                                                            Game UX	




                                                                                        Ludic design	

                CSCW	

                                                                                             (2002+)	

                (2005+)	





                                                                                                                                                 7	
  
                          Harrison, S., Tatar, D., and Sengers, P. The Three Paradigms of HCI. Proc. AltCHI 2007, ACM Press (2007).
Precursors in Game Studies	


                                     Digital	

   Alternate Reality/	

                                          Ludification	

Serious Games	

                 Serious Games	

 Pervasive Games	

 Serious Gaming	

                            of culture	

    (1960+)	

                       (2001+)	

           (2001+)	

                   (2006+)	

                   (2006+)	





                 Precursors	

     Repurposings	

          UX	

                 Playfulness	

          Persuasive Tech	

                   (1980+)	

          (2001+)	

       (2002+)	

                     (2005+)	

                 (2006+)	

                                                     Hedonic attributes	

                                                        Game UX	




                                                                       Ludic design	

              CSCW	

                                                                          (2002+)	

                (2005+)	

                                                                                                                                 8	
  
Overview	


• Introduction	

                                You are here
• Precursors and parallels	

• Defining “gamification”	

• Situating “gamification”	

• Open questions	



                                               9	
  
Gamification: A definition	



“The use of 	

game design elements	

in non-game contexts”	



                              10	
  
Gamification: A definition	



“The use of 	

game design elements	

in non-game contexts”	



                              11	
  
game	

Ludus	

    skill	

            effort	

            ordered	

            rule-bound	





            play	

            improvisation	

Paidia	

   tumultuous	

            immoderate	

                               12	
  
Gaming, not playing	

                  Gaming	





                  Playing	

                               13	
  
Elements, not whole systems	




                    er      libert
                chas              yand
         Dune                            vigila
                                                  nce




    Whole	

                    Elements	





                                                        14	
  
What is a “game element”?	

• Most game definitions have multiple necessary
  conditions, e.g. Juul 2005:	





                                                 15	
  
What is a “game element”?	

• Elements characteristic for games	

                                         specific to games	

                                         (empty/too constrained)	

                                                 characteristic for games	

                                                 (with fuzzy boundaries)	

                                                       present in games	

                                                       (boundless/too broad)	





                                                                               16	
  
Game design elements	


Game-based technology	

   Controllers, AI, 3D engines, ...	




Game-based practices	

    Serious Gaming	




Game-based design	

       Gamification	




                                                                 17	
  
Levels of game design elements	

                                           Playcentric design, value conscious game
Game design methods	

                                           design…	



Game models	

                             MDA, Game design atoms, CEGE, ...	



                                           Enduring play, clear goals, variety of play
Game design principles and heuristics	

                                           styles, ...	


                                           Levels, time constraint, limited
Game design patterns and mechanics	

                                           resources,…	



Game interface patterns	

                 Badge, leaderboard, timer, ...	




                                                                                     18	
  
Non-game contexts	





                       19	
  
Non-game contexts	

• Big issues with “serious game” being initially
  reduced to learning as one goal/context, thus	

• No specific goals (learning, motivation, …)	

• No specific contexts (g4change, g4health, …)	

• Not limited to digital/online	





                                                     20	
  
21	
  
Can you “gamify” a game?	

• Only if definition is tied to a set of specific
  elements (e.g. achievements)	

• Metagames seen as games, not game elements
  in literature	

• Designer view: Hard to distinguish ‘core’ game
  design from ‘outer’ gamification	

• User view: Open empirical question whether
  game/gamified part are perceived as separate	

                                                   22	
  
Overview	


• Introduction	

• Precursors and parallels	

                                You are here
• Defining “gamification”	

• Situating “gamification”	

• Open questions	



                                               23	
  
Gamification: the definition again	



“The use of 	

game design elements	

in non-game contexts”	



                                      24	
  
Bringing it together	

                   Gaming	





     Whole	

                   Elements	





                   Playing	

                                              25	
  
Situating the definition	





                             26	
  
Overview	


• Introduction	

• Precursors and parallels	

• Defining “gamification”	

                                You are here
• Situating “gamification”	

• Open questions	



                                               27	
  
Social and subjective nature of play	

• Playing/gaming as a subjective, shared mode of
  behavior and mindset	

• User view: When do they “use”, when “play”
  an app? (Framing, user-added rules  goals, …)	

• Designer: When intended as product, gameful
  product, or full game?	

• Flickering, switching, conflicting modes of
  engagement within and between users as rich
  new data source
Gamefulness	


                 29	
  
Elements or qualities?	

• Playfulness as a specific quality/mode of user
  behavior and experience, as well as design goal	

• Gamefulness as logic complement	

• Gameful design: less contentious baggage, less
  definitional complications, hence preferable for
  academic discourse
Playfulness and Gamefulness	


Quality of experience
                               Playfulness	

            Gamefulness	

and behavior	




Artifact affording that
                               Playful interactions	

   Gameful interactions	

quality	





Designing for that quality	

 Playful design	

          Gameful design	





                                                                                   31	
  
Bringing it together... again	

                   Gaming	





     System	

                     Quality	





                   Playing	

                                                32	
  
Thank you	

Rilla Khaled	
       Sebastian Deterding	
                    Dan Dixon	
              Lennart E. Nacke	
  
rikh@itu.dk	

       s.deterding@hans-bredow-institut.de	

   dan@digitaldust.org	

   lennart.nacke@acm.org

More Related Content

What's hot

Designing Game Feel
Designing Game FeelDesigning Game Feel
Designing Game Feel
Martin Pichlmair
 
Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products
Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products
Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products
Amy Jo Kim
 
Smart Gamification
Smart GamificationSmart Gamification
Smart Gamification
Amy Jo Kim
 
Smart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected World
Smart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected WorldSmart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected World
Smart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected World
Amy Jo Kim
 
Course Presentation: Games design
Course Presentation: Games designCourse Presentation: Games design
Course Presentation: Games design
Brunel University
 
10 page pitch for game design
10 page pitch for game design10 page pitch for game design
10 page pitch for game design
Tom Carter
 

What's hot (20)

Designing Game Feel
Designing Game FeelDesigning Game Feel
Designing Game Feel
 
Gamification,
Gamification,Gamification,
Gamification,
 
Secrets of Game Thinking
Secrets of Game ThinkingSecrets of Game Thinking
Secrets of Game Thinking
 
Gamification Workshop 2010
Gamification Workshop 2010Gamification Workshop 2010
Gamification Workshop 2010
 
LAFS Game Design 6 - Conceptualization
LAFS Game Design 6 - ConceptualizationLAFS Game Design 6 - Conceptualization
LAFS Game Design 6 - Conceptualization
 
Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products
Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products
Beyond Gamification: 7 Core Concepts for Creating Compelling Products
 
Smart Gamification
Smart GamificationSmart Gamification
Smart Gamification
 
LAFS SVI Level 3 - Game Design and Analysis
LAFS SVI Level 3 - Game Design and AnalysisLAFS SVI Level 3 - Game Design and Analysis
LAFS SVI Level 3 - Game Design and Analysis
 
Gamification 101: Design the Player Journey
Gamification 101: Design the Player JourneyGamification 101: Design the Player Journey
Gamification 101: Design the Player Journey
 
Game Design fundamentals
Game Design fundamentalsGame Design fundamentals
Game Design fundamentals
 
[PandoraCube] 게임 기획자 면접 시 가장 많이 하는 질문들과 나의 답
[PandoraCube] 게임 기획자 면접 시 가장 많이 하는 질문들과 나의 답[PandoraCube] 게임 기획자 면접 시 가장 많이 하는 질문들과 나의 답
[PandoraCube] 게임 기획자 면접 시 가장 많이 하는 질문들과 나의 답
 
Game thinking for rapid innovation
Game thinking for rapid innovationGame thinking for rapid innovation
Game thinking for rapid innovation
 
Engaging Kids in Learning: game based learning and gamification in education
Engaging Kids in Learning: game based learning and gamification in education Engaging Kids in Learning: game based learning and gamification in education
Engaging Kids in Learning: game based learning and gamification in education
 
The Gamification User Types Hexad Scale
The Gamification User Types Hexad ScaleThe Gamification User Types Hexad Scale
The Gamification User Types Hexad Scale
 
Smart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected World
Smart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected WorldSmart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected World
Smart Gamification: Social Game Design for a Connected World
 
Course Presentation: Games design
Course Presentation: Games designCourse Presentation: Games design
Course Presentation: Games design
 
Game designer's journey 2.0
Game designer's journey 2.0Game designer's journey 2.0
Game designer's journey 2.0
 
Serious Games
Serious GamesSerious Games
Serious Games
 
LAFS Game Design 1 - Structural Elements
LAFS Game Design 1 - Structural ElementsLAFS Game Design 1 - Structural Elements
LAFS Game Design 1 - Structural Elements
 
10 page pitch for game design
10 page pitch for game design10 page pitch for game design
10 page pitch for game design
 

Similar to From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining "Gamification"

Game Designer's job
Game Designer's jobGame Designer's job
Game Designer's job
action.vn
 
iBasket: The story of an HTML5 game
iBasket: The story of an HTML5 gameiBasket: The story of an HTML5 game
iBasket: The story of an HTML5 game
Iker Jamardo
 
UX Bristol Gameful Design
UX Bristol Gameful DesignUX Bristol Gameful Design
UX Bristol Gameful Design
Dan Dixon
 
Game designer
Game designerGame designer
Game designer
Son Aris
 
Game designer
Game designerGame designer
Game designer
we20
 

Similar to From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining "Gamification" (20)

Game Designer's job
Game Designer's jobGame Designer's job
Game Designer's job
 
OGDC2012 Game Designer_Mr.Nicolas_ Phuong Hoang Enix
OGDC2012 Game Designer_Mr.Nicolas_ Phuong Hoang EnixOGDC2012 Game Designer_Mr.Nicolas_ Phuong Hoang Enix
OGDC2012 Game Designer_Mr.Nicolas_ Phuong Hoang Enix
 
2012, the awakening of the Vietnamese Game Development - Game designer’s job ...
2012, the awakening of the Vietnamese Game Development - Game designer’s job ...2012, the awakening of the Vietnamese Game Development - Game designer’s job ...
2012, the awakening of the Vietnamese Game Development - Game designer’s job ...
 
Game designdocs
Game designdocsGame designdocs
Game designdocs
 
9.5 Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Gamification
9.5 Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Gamification9.5 Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Gamification
9.5 Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Gamification
 
THUPR conference - social games & gamification overview
THUPR conference - social games & gamification overviewTHUPR conference - social games & gamification overview
THUPR conference - social games & gamification overview
 
Can we Replace the Game Designer with an Algorithm?
Can we Replace the Game Designer with an Algorithm?Can we Replace the Game Designer with an Algorithm?
Can we Replace the Game Designer with an Algorithm?
 
Raf Keusterman on Gamification
Raf Keusterman on GamificationRaf Keusterman on Gamification
Raf Keusterman on Gamification
 
Defining gamification
Defining gamificationDefining gamification
Defining gamification
 
iBasket: The story of an HTML5 game
iBasket: The story of an HTML5 gameiBasket: The story of an HTML5 game
iBasket: The story of an HTML5 game
 
An Introduction To Game development
An Introduction To Game developmentAn Introduction To Game development
An Introduction To Game development
 
Orthodoxies and technologies in game design
Orthodoxies and technologies in game designOrthodoxies and technologies in game design
Orthodoxies and technologies in game design
 
Fun and the MDA framework
Fun and the MDA frameworkFun and the MDA framework
Fun and the MDA framework
 
UX Bristol Gameful Design
UX Bristol Gameful DesignUX Bristol Gameful Design
UX Bristol Gameful Design
 
Impossible mission: estimating (game) development
Impossible mission: estimating (game) developmentImpossible mission: estimating (game) development
Impossible mission: estimating (game) development
 
Game designer
Game designerGame designer
Game designer
 
Game designer
Game designerGame designer
Game designer
 
+Computer games careers
+Computer games careers+Computer games careers
+Computer games careers
 
CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop
CHI 2011 Gamification WorkshopCHI 2011 Gamification Workshop
CHI 2011 Gamification Workshop
 
Meta 3D Studios Art Experience
Meta 3D Studios Art ExperienceMeta 3D Studios Art Experience
Meta 3D Studios Art Experience
 

More from Sebastian Deterding

More from Sebastian Deterding (20)

Mechanics, Messages, Meta-Media: How Persuasive Games Persuade, and What They...
Mechanics, Messages, Meta-Media: How Persuasive Games Persuade, and What They...Mechanics, Messages, Meta-Media: How Persuasive Games Persuade, and What They...
Mechanics, Messages, Meta-Media: How Persuasive Games Persuade, and What They...
 
Gamification for Health Behaviour Change
Gamification for Health Behaviour ChangeGamification for Health Behaviour Change
Gamification for Health Behaviour Change
 
Outside the Box: Toward an Ecology of Gaming Enjoyment
Outside the Box: Toward an Ecology of Gaming EnjoymentOutside the Box: Toward an Ecology of Gaming Enjoyment
Outside the Box: Toward an Ecology of Gaming Enjoyment
 
City Games: Up and Down and Sideways on the Ladder of Abstraction
City Games: Up and Down and Sideways on the Ladder of AbstractionCity Games: Up and Down and Sideways on the Ladder of Abstraction
City Games: Up and Down and Sideways on the Ladder of Abstraction
 
Desperately Seeking Theory
Desperately Seeking TheoryDesperately Seeking Theory
Desperately Seeking Theory
 
Gamification: Missverständnisse und Lösungen
Gamification: Missverständnisse und LösungenGamification: Missverständnisse und Lösungen
Gamification: Missverständnisse und Lösungen
 
Experience Design in the Museum
Experience Design in the MuseumExperience Design in the Museum
Experience Design in the Museum
 
It's the Autonomy, Stupid: Autonomy Experiences Between Playful Work and Work...
It's the Autonomy, Stupid: Autonomy Experiences Between Playful Work and Work...It's the Autonomy, Stupid: Autonomy Experiences Between Playful Work and Work...
It's the Autonomy, Stupid: Autonomy Experiences Between Playful Work and Work...
 
Gameful Design for Learning
Gameful Design for LearningGameful Design for Learning
Gameful Design for Learning
 
Un-Boring Meetings
Un-Boring MeetingsUn-Boring Meetings
Un-Boring Meetings
 
Explodierende Medien
Explodierende MedienExplodierende Medien
Explodierende Medien
 
Would the real Mary Poppins please stand up? Approaches and Methods in Gamefu...
Would the real Mary Poppins please stand up? Approaches and Methods in Gamefu...Would the real Mary Poppins please stand up? Approaches and Methods in Gamefu...
Would the real Mary Poppins please stand up? Approaches and Methods in Gamefu...
 
Design Against Productivity
Design Against ProductivityDesign Against Productivity
Design Against Productivity
 
I wonder ... Designing for Curiosity
I wonder ... Designing for CuriosityI wonder ... Designing for Curiosity
I wonder ... Designing for Curiosity
 
Player Rating Algorithms for Balancing Human Computation Games: Testing the E...
Player Rating Algorithms for Balancing Human Computation Games: Testing the E...Player Rating Algorithms for Balancing Human Computation Games: Testing the E...
Player Rating Algorithms for Balancing Human Computation Games: Testing the E...
 
The Mechanic is not the (whole) message: Procedural rhetoric meets framing in...
The Mechanic is not the (whole) message: Procedural rhetoric meets framing in...The Mechanic is not the (whole) message: Procedural rhetoric meets framing in...
The Mechanic is not the (whole) message: Procedural rhetoric meets framing in...
 
The Great Escape from the Prison House of Language: Games, Production Studies...
The Great Escape from the Prison House of Language: Games, Production Studies...The Great Escape from the Prison House of Language: Games, Production Studies...
The Great Escape from the Prison House of Language: Games, Production Studies...
 
Progress Wars: Idle Games and the Demarcation of "Real Games"
Progress Wars: Idle Games and the Demarcation of "Real Games"Progress Wars: Idle Games and the Demarcation of "Real Games"
Progress Wars: Idle Games and the Demarcation of "Real Games"
 
Desperately Seeking Theory: Gamification, Theory, and the Promise of a Data/A...
Desperately Seeking Theory: Gamification, Theory, and the Promise of a Data/A...Desperately Seeking Theory: Gamification, Theory, and the Promise of a Data/A...
Desperately Seeking Theory: Gamification, Theory, and the Promise of a Data/A...
 
What Larp can Learn from RPG Studies
What Larp can Learn from RPG StudiesWhat Larp can Learn from RPG Studies
What Larp can Learn from RPG Studies
 

Recently uploaded

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat
Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman MuscatAbortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat
Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat
Abortion pills in Kuwait Cytotec pills in Kuwait
 
Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx
Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptxMinimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx
Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx
balqisyamutia
 
Resume all my skills and educations and achievement
Resume all my skills and educations and  achievement Resume all my skills and educations and  achievement
Resume all my skills and educations and achievement
210303105569
 
Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...
Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...
Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...
gajnagarg
 
How to Build a Simple Shopify Website
How to Build a Simple Shopify WebsiteHow to Build a Simple Shopify Website
How to Build a Simple Shopify Website
mark11275
 
Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...
Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...
Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...
gajnagarg
 
cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf
cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdfcholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf
cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf
RawalRafiqLeghari
 
一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证
一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证
一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证
wpkuukw
 
Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...
Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...
Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...
instagramfab782445
 
Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency
Design-System - FinTech - Isadora AgencyDesign-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency
Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency
Isadora Agency
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat
Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman MuscatAbortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat
Abortion Pills in Oman (+918133066128) Cytotec clinic buy Oman Muscat
 
❤️ Call Girls Service Amritsar Call Girls (Adult Only) 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 ...
❤️ Call Girls Service Amritsar Call Girls (Adult Only) 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 ...❤️ Call Girls Service Amritsar Call Girls (Adult Only) 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 ...
❤️ Call Girls Service Amritsar Call Girls (Adult Only) 💯Call Us 🔝 6378878445 ...
 
Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx
Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptxMinimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx
Minimalist Orange Portfolio by Slidesgo.pptx
 
Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...
Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...
Nishatganj ? Book Call Girls in Lucknow | Book 9548273370 Extreme Naughty Cal...
 
Resume all my skills and educations and achievement
Resume all my skills and educations and  achievement Resume all my skills and educations and  achievement
Resume all my skills and educations and achievement
 
Branding in the Psychedelic Landscape Report.pdf
Branding in the Psychedelic Landscape Report.pdfBranding in the Psychedelic Landscape Report.pdf
Branding in the Psychedelic Landscape Report.pdf
 
Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...
Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...
Top profile Call Girls In Meerut [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models We...
 
How to Build a Simple Shopify Website
How to Build a Simple Shopify WebsiteHow to Build a Simple Shopify Website
How to Build a Simple Shopify Website
 
Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...
Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...
Top profile Call Girls In fatehgarh [ 7014168258 ] Call Me For Genuine Models...
 
Gamestore case study UI UX by Amgad Ibrahim
Gamestore case study UI UX by Amgad IbrahimGamestore case study UI UX by Amgad Ibrahim
Gamestore case study UI UX by Amgad Ibrahim
 
cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf
cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdfcholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf
cholilithiasis, cholecystitis,gall bladdder .pdf
 
How to Create a Productive Workspace Trends and Tips.pdf
How to Create a Productive Workspace Trends and Tips.pdfHow to Create a Productive Workspace Trends and Tips.pdf
How to Create a Productive Workspace Trends and Tips.pdf
 
一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证
一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证
一比一定(购)滑铁卢大学毕业证(UW毕业证)成绩单学位证
 
Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...
Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...
Abortion pill for sale in Muscat (+918761049707)) Get Cytotec Cash on deliver...
 
Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency
Design-System - FinTech - Isadora AgencyDesign-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency
Design-System - FinTech - Isadora Agency
 
Essential UI/UX Design Principles: A Comprehensive Guide
Essential UI/UX Design Principles: A Comprehensive GuideEssential UI/UX Design Principles: A Comprehensive Guide
Essential UI/UX Design Principles: A Comprehensive Guide
 
Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escor...
Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escor...Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escor...
Kondapur ] High Profile Call Girls in Hyderabad (Adult Only) 9352988975 Escor...
 
Sweety Planet Packaging Design Process Book.pptx
Sweety Planet Packaging Design Process Book.pptxSweety Planet Packaging Design Process Book.pptx
Sweety Planet Packaging Design Process Book.pptx
 
Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...
Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...
Mohanlalganj ! Call Girls in Lucknow - 450+ Call Girl Cash Payment 9548273370...
 
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO - MAREK MITACEK
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO - MAREK MITACEKLANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO - MAREK MITACEK
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO - MAREK MITACEK
 

From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining "Gamification"

  • 1. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness Defining “Gamification” S. Deterding, D. Dixon, R. Khaled, L. E. Nacke Mindtrek 2011, Tampere, September 28, 2011
  • 2. Overview You are here • Introduction • Precursors and parallels • Defining “gamification” • Situating “gamification” • Open questions 2  
  • 5. The industry blueprint Points Badges Leaderboards Incentives Tracking, Feedback Goal-setting Competition Rewards (And behavioral analytics in the backend) 5  
  • 6. Overview • Introduction You are here • Precursors and parallels • Defining “gamification” • Situating “gamification” • Open questions 6  
  • 7. Precursors in HCI Man as machine Man as computer Man as meaning-maker Ergonomics Cognitive sciences Human sciences Precursors Repurposings UX Playfulness Persuasive Tech (1980+) (2001+) (2002+) (2005+) (2006+) Hedonic attributes Game UX Ludic design CSCW (2002+) (2005+) 7   Harrison, S., Tatar, D., and Sengers, P. The Three Paradigms of HCI. Proc. AltCHI 2007, ACM Press (2007).
  • 8. Precursors in Game Studies Digital Alternate Reality/ Ludification Serious Games Serious Games Pervasive Games Serious Gaming of culture (1960+) (2001+) (2001+) (2006+) (2006+) Precursors Repurposings UX Playfulness Persuasive Tech (1980+) (2001+) (2002+) (2005+) (2006+) Hedonic attributes Game UX Ludic design CSCW (2002+) (2005+) 8  
  • 9. Overview • Introduction You are here • Precursors and parallels • Defining “gamification” • Situating “gamification” • Open questions 9  
  • 10. Gamification: A definition “The use of game design elements in non-game contexts” 10  
  • 11. Gamification: A definition “The use of game design elements in non-game contexts” 11  
  • 12. game Ludus skill effort ordered rule-bound play improvisation Paidia tumultuous immoderate 12  
  • 13. Gaming, not playing Gaming Playing 13  
  • 14. Elements, not whole systems er libert chas yand Dune vigila nce Whole Elements 14  
  • 15. What is a “game element”? • Most game definitions have multiple necessary conditions, e.g. Juul 2005: 15  
  • 16. What is a “game element”? • Elements characteristic for games specific to games (empty/too constrained) characteristic for games (with fuzzy boundaries) present in games (boundless/too broad) 16  
  • 17. Game design elements Game-based technology Controllers, AI, 3D engines, ... Game-based practices Serious Gaming Game-based design Gamification 17  
  • 18. Levels of game design elements Playcentric design, value conscious game Game design methods design… Game models MDA, Game design atoms, CEGE, ... Enduring play, clear goals, variety of play Game design principles and heuristics styles, ... Levels, time constraint, limited Game design patterns and mechanics resources,… Game interface patterns Badge, leaderboard, timer, ... 18  
  • 20. Non-game contexts • Big issues with “serious game” being initially reduced to learning as one goal/context, thus • No specific goals (learning, motivation, …) • No specific contexts (g4change, g4health, …) • Not limited to digital/online 20  
  • 21. 21  
  • 22. Can you “gamify” a game? • Only if definition is tied to a set of specific elements (e.g. achievements) • Metagames seen as games, not game elements in literature • Designer view: Hard to distinguish ‘core’ game design from ‘outer’ gamification • User view: Open empirical question whether game/gamified part are perceived as separate 22  
  • 23. Overview • Introduction • Precursors and parallels You are here • Defining “gamification” • Situating “gamification” • Open questions 23  
  • 24. Gamification: the definition again “The use of game design elements in non-game contexts” 24  
  • 25. Bringing it together Gaming Whole Elements Playing 25  
  • 27. Overview • Introduction • Precursors and parallels • Defining “gamification” You are here • Situating “gamification” • Open questions 27  
  • 28. Social and subjective nature of play • Playing/gaming as a subjective, shared mode of behavior and mindset • User view: When do they “use”, when “play” an app? (Framing, user-added rules goals, …) • Designer: When intended as product, gameful product, or full game? • Flickering, switching, conflicting modes of engagement within and between users as rich new data source
  • 29. Gamefulness 29  
  • 30. Elements or qualities? • Playfulness as a specific quality/mode of user behavior and experience, as well as design goal • Gamefulness as logic complement • Gameful design: less contentious baggage, less definitional complications, hence preferable for academic discourse
  • 31. Playfulness and Gamefulness Quality of experience Playfulness Gamefulness and behavior Artifact affording that Playful interactions Gameful interactions quality Designing for that quality Playful design Gameful design 31  
  • 32. Bringing it together... again Gaming System Quality Playing 32  
  • 33. Thank you Rilla Khaled   Sebastian Deterding   Dan Dixon   Lennart E. Nacke   rikh@itu.dk s.deterding@hans-bredow-institut.de dan@digitaldust.org lennart.nacke@acm.org